Tavistock Square

Public square in London, England

Tavistock Square

Tavistock Square, looking north, BMA House on the right

Tavistock Square with Mahatma Gandhi statue at the centre

Namesake| Marquess of Tavistock
Location| Bloomsbury, London Borough of Camden, Inner London

Tavistock Square is a public square in Bloomsbury, in the London Borough of Camden near Euston Station.

## History

[edit]

Tavistock Square was built shortly after 1806 by the property developer James Burton and the master builder Thomas Cubitt for Francis Russell, 5th Duke of Bedford, and formed part of the Bedford Estate in London, owned by the Dukes of Bedford.[1] The square takes its name from Marquess of Tavistock, a courtesy title given to the eldest sons of the Dukes of Bedford.[2]

In 1920 the Tavistock Clinic was founded in the square, a pioneering psychiatric clinic whose patients included shell-shock victims of the First World War.[3] In 1946 the Tavistock Institute of Human Relations separated from the Tavistock Clinic. The Tavistock Clinic has since moved to Swiss Cottage.[3]

Richard Lydekker, naturalist, geologist and writer of numerous books on natural history, was born at Tavistock Square in 1849.[4]

Scene of the 7 July 2005 suicide bombing

Tavistock Square was the scene of one of the four suicide bombings on 7 July 2005. The bomb was detonated by 18-year-old Hasib Hussain on a double-decker bus bearing route number 30; it had been diverted from its normal route along Euston Road because of traffic disruption by the other three bombings at tube stations. The bomb exploded immediately outside the British Medical Association building, many of whose staff came out to give what help they could. The explosion killed 13 passengers, plus Hussain himself. Many others were injured.[5] In September 2018, a memorial honouring the victims and the efforts of those who gave assistance was unveiled in Tavistock Square Gardens, replacing a plaque that had been fixed to the railings outside BMA House, opposite to the new site.[6]

## Public art

[edit]

Gandhi statue

The centre-piece of the gardens is a statue of Mahatma Gandhi, sculpted by Fredda Brilliant and installed in 1968. The hollow pedestal was intended, and is used, for people to leave floral tributes to the peace campaigner and nonviolent resister to oppression in South Africa and British rule in India.[7]

A cherry tree was planted in 1967 in memory of the victims of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.[8]

A generation later, in 1994, the Conscientious Objectors Commemorative Stone commemorating "men and women conscientious objectors all over the world and in every age" by Hugh Court was unveiled.[9]

These three features have led to the square unofficially being regarded by some as a peace park or garden, and annual ceremonies are held at each of these memorials.[8]

A bust of the writer Virginia Woolf, cast from a 1931 sculpture by Stephen Tomlin (1901–1937), was unveiled in 2004 at the southwest corner of the square. Woolf lived at 52 Tavistock Square between 1924 and 1939. From there she and her husband Leonard Woolf ran the Hogarth Press, which became a prominent and influential publisher at the forefront of modernist fiction and poetry (publishing T.S. Eliot, E.M. Forster and Katherine Mansfield among others) and translating the works of Sigmund Freud into English.[10]

The square contains a memorial to the surgeon Dame Louisa Aldrich-Blake (1865 –1925), with a bust of Aldrich-Blake by Arthur George Walker on a plinth designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens.[11]

A view looking towards Tavistock Square

## Buildings

[edit]

The following buildings are on Tavistock Square:

* Tavistock House, home of James Burton while he developed the area and then of Charles Dickens, was on the east side of the square. A blue plaque on BMA House commemorates him. It was demolished in 1901.[12]
* "BMA House", the headquarters of the British Medical Association, designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in 1911[13] is on the east side (on the site previously occupied by Tavistock House) and is a grade II listed building.[14]
* Connaught Hall, a University of London hall of residence, which was built in the early 19th century, is on the west side of the square and is a grade II listed building.[15]
* Woburn House, on the north side of the square contains the headquarters of Universities UK, the conference of university rectors, and the headquarters of the Medical Schools Council, an organisation which represents the interests and ambitions of UK medical schools.[16]
* The Tavistock Hotel, a branch of Imperial London Hotels, completed in 1951 is on the south side of the square.[17]
* Lynton House[18] and Tavis House,[19] both substantial red-brick office blocks on the east side, were built in the mid-20th century.[20]
* Passfield Hall, a hall of residence for undergraduates of the London School of Economics. [21]

## Gallery

[edit]

* Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Tavistock Square from the east

* Plaque at the base of the Hiroshima cherry tree amid fallen blossoms

* Conscientious Objectors Commemorative Stone, on the north side of the square

* Conscientious Objectors Stone inscription

* Memorial to Louisa Aldrich-Blake

* Blue plaque on BMA House commemorating Dickens and Tavistock House

## See also

[edit]

* List of eponymous roads in London
* Bedford Square
* Russell Square
* Bloomsbury Square
* Gordon Square
* Torrington Square
* Woburn Square

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "'Tavistock Square', in Survey of London; Volume 21, the Parish of St Pancras Part 3: Tottenham Court Road and Neighbourhood, ed. J R Howard Roberts and Walter H Godfrey". London. 1949. p. 97-98. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
2. ^ "Tavistock Square". Bedford Estates. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
3. ^ a b "Tavistock Centre". Lost Hospitals of London. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
4. ^ Richard Lydekker. Alumni Cantabrigienses. 15 September 2011. ISBN 9781108036146. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
5. ^ "7/7 Anniversary: UK's Risk of Terror Attack Higher Now than Days of London Bombings'". Yorkshire Post. 4 July 2015. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
6. ^ "7/7 London bombings: Memorial for bus explosion victims unveiled". BBC News. 12 September 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2018.
7. ^ "Cheltenham Town Hall 2". Antiques Roadshow. Series 35. Episode 19. 14 April 2013. BBC Television. Retrieved 16 April 2013.
8. ^ a b "Peace Garden at Tavistock Square". Atlas Obscura. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
9. ^ "Conscientious objectors' stone". Ppu.org.uk. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
10. ^ "Virginia Woolf bust". London Remembers. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
11. ^ "Memorial to Dame Louisa Aldrich Blake in Tavistock Square Gardens". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 3 October 2017.
12. ^ "'Tavistock House', Survey of London: volume 21: The parish of St Pancras part 3: Tottenham Court Road & neighbourhood". 1949. p. 99-100. Retrieved 9 January 2010.
13. ^ "About". BMA. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
14. ^ "Where to Find Us". BMA House. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
15. ^ "Connaught Hall". University of London. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
16. ^ "Our address". Medical Schools Council. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
17. ^ "Tavistock Hotel". Travel Weekly. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
18. ^ "Lynton House". Global Holdings. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
19. ^ "Age UK Camden | Contact us". www.ageuk.org.uk. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
20. ^ "Bloomsbury Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Strategy". Camden Council. 18 April 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
21. ^ "Passfield Hall". London School of Economics. 2 April 2020. Retrieved 2 April 2020.

## External links

[edit]

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51°31′30″N 0°07′45″W﻿ / ﻿51.5250°N 0.1291°W﻿ / 51.5250; -0.1291
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