Technische Hochschule

Type of university in Germany

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University of Karlsruhe, a German technical university, founded in the 19th century, since 2009 it has been named Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

A Technische Hochschule (German: [ˌtɛçnɪʃə ˈhoːxˌʃuːlə], plural: Technische Hochschulen, abbreviated TH) is a type of university focusing on engineering sciences in Germany. Previously, it also existed in Austria, Switzerland, the Netherlands (Technische Hogeschool), and Finland (teknillinen korkeakoulu, teknisk högskola). In the 1970s (in Germany) and the 1980s (in the Netherlands), the Technische Hochschule emerged into the Technische Universität (German) or Technische Universiteit (Dutch). Since 2009, several German universities of applied sciences were renamed as Technische Hochschulen.

## Terminology

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Main article: Hochschule

In German-language countries, the term Hochschule is more general than Universität (plural: Universitäten) and also encompasses universities which do not have the right to confer doctorates and habilitations, in contrast to Universitäten. Today, Universitäten as well as other Hochschulen call themselves Technische Hochschule for historical reasons. However, a Technische Hochschule with the status of a Universität is regarded as a Technische Universität despite the name.

## History

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Since the Middle Ages, higher education institutions in Europe were called a university only if a certain classical canon of subjects encompassing philosophy, medicine, law and theology was taught. When engineering sciences became more important in academica due to the Industrial Revolution, institutions of tertiary education devoted to these were denied the prestigious denomination "university", and had to use the more general term Hochschule instead.

It was a major breakthrough, then, when in the first half of the 20th century, some Technische Hochschulen in Germany and Technische Hogescholen in the Netherlands were given the right to award the doctoral degrees, and again later when they were allowed to call themselves universities. This change of status was accompanied by a broader spectrum of academic disciplines and more fundamental research.

While most former Technische Hochschulen opted to change their name to Technische Universität to reflect their new status, some of them preferred to maintain their traditional and established names, most notably the RWTH Aachen in Germany as well as ETH Zurich and EPF Lausanne in Switzerland.

Starting in 2009, several German universities of applied sciences (Fachhochschulen) with a technical focus have changed their names to Technische Hochschule.

## In Austria

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List of Austrian Technische Universitäten by location:

Institution | Established | City | State | Staff | Students

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Technische Universität Graz | 1811 | Graz | Styria | 2,256 | 12,692
Technische Universität Wien | 1815 | Vienna | Vienna | 4,078 | 26,218

## In Finland

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The concept of a TH exists also in Finland as teknillinen korkeakoulu, which is equivalent to a TH. Examples include Teknillinen korkeakoulu in Espoo, Tampereen teknillinen korkeakoulu and Lappeenrannan teknillinen korkeakoulu. Similarly to German speaking countries, most of them later changed their name to teknillinen yliopisto, which is equivalent to a TU. However, Teknillinen korkeakoulu retained its old name until it merged with two other universities to form the current Aalto University.

## In Germany

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List of German Technische Universitäten by location:

Institution | Established | City | State | Staff | Students

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Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen | 1870 | Aachen | North Rhine-Westphalia | 8,047 | 40,025
Technische Universität Berlin | 1770 | Berlin | Berlin | 8,302 | 31,427
Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig | 1745 | Braunschweig | Lower Saxony | 5,550 | 15,500
Technische Universität Chemnitz | 1836 | Chemnitz | Saxony | 1,185 | 10,850
Technische Universität Clausthal | 1775 | Clausthal-Zellerfeld | Lower Saxony | 1,000 | 4,080
Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg | 2013 | Cottbus | Brandenburg | 1,218 | 10,310
Technische Universität Darmstadt | 1877 | Darmstadt | Hesse | 4,122 | 24,305
Technische Universität Dortmund | 1968 | Dortmund | North Rhine-Westphalia | 3,867 | 29,672
Technische Universität Dresden | 1828 | Dresden | Saxony | 7,094 | 36,534
Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg | 1765 | Freiberg | Saxony | 1,540 | 5,455
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg | 1978 | Hamburg | Hamburg | 1,150 | 6,678
HafenCity Universität Hamburg | 2006 | Hamburg | Hamburg | 504 | 2,304
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover | 1831 | Hannover | Lower Saxony | 4,290 | 22,236
Technische Universität Ilmenau | 1894 | Ilmenau | Thuringia | 2,021 | 6,909
Technische Universität Kaiserslautern | 1970 | Kaiserslautern | Rhineland-Palatinate | 1,124 | 14,184
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | 1825 | Karlsruhe | Baden-Württemberg | 9,251 | 22,146
Technische Universität München | 1868 | Munich | Bavaria | 8,351 | 52,000
Universität Stuttgart | 1829 | Stuttgart | Baden-Württemberg | 4,946 | 27,686
Technische Universität Nürnberg | 2021 | Nuremberg | Bavaria | 20 | 106

List of Technische Hochschulen (institutions with the status of Technische Universität not included) by location:

Institution  | Established  | renamed Technische Hochschule  | City  | State  | Staff  | Students

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Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Amberg-Weiden | 1994  | 2013  | Amberg, Weiden | Bavaria | 325  | 3,500
Technische Hochschule Aschaffenburg | 1995  | 2019  | Aschaffenburg | Bavaria | ?  | 3.374
Technische Hochschule Bingen | 1971  | 2016  | Bingen am Rhein | Rhineland-Palatinate | 212  | 2,628
Technische Hochschule Georg Agricola | 1816  | 2016  | Bochum | North Rhine-Westphalia | 252  | 2,279
Technische Hochschule Brandenburg | 1992  | 2016  | Brandenburg an der Havel | Brandenburg | 240  | 2,616
Technische Hochschule Deggendorf | 1994  | 2013  | Deggendorf | Bavaria | 552  | 5,700
Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt | 1994  | 2013  | Ingolstadt | Bavaria | 450  | 5,200
Technische Hochschule Köln | 1971  | 2015  | Cologne | North Rhine-Westphalia | 1,620  | 24,818
Technische Hochschule Lübeck | 1969  | 2018  | Lübeck | Schleswig-Holstein | 441  | 4,689
Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen | 1971  | 2010  | Giessen, Friedberg, Wetzlar | Hesse | 1,000  | 16,044
Technische Hochschule Nürnberg | 1971  | 2013  | Nuremberg | Bavaria | 1,855  | 12,234
Technische Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe | 1971  | 2019  | Lemgo, Detmold, Höxter | North Rhine-Westphalia | 715  | 6,544
Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg | 1971  | 2013  | Regensburg | Bavaria | 690  | 11,000
Technische Hochschule Rosenheim | 1971  | 2018  | Rosenheim | Bavaria | 500  | 5,901
Technische Hochschule Ulm | 1960  | 2019  | Ulm | Baden-Württemberg | 120 professors  | 4,125
Technische Hochschule Wildau | 1991  | 2009  | Wildau | Brandenburg | 335  | 4,152
Technische Hochschule Würzburg-Schweinfurt | 1971  | 2023  | Würzburg, Schweinfurt | Bayern | 795  | 9,322

## In Switzerland

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List of Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology by location:

Institution | Established | City | Staff | Students

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École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne | 1853 | Lausanne | 4,000 | 9,000
Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich | 1855 | Zürich | 10,242 | 17,781

## In The Netherlands

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List of Universities of Technology (Technische Universiteiten) in the Netherlands:

Institution | Established | City | Staff | Students

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Delft University of Technology | 1842 | Delft | 7,265 | 26,424
Eindhoven University of Technology | 1956 | Eindhoven | 3,200  | 12,926

4TU is the federation of the four Dutch universities of technology with the following institutions as members: Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), University of Twente (UT), and Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR).

## See also

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* TU9 German Institutes of Technology e. V.
* List of universities in Germany

## References

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Authority control databases: National |

* Germany

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