Temasek (company)

Singaporean state-owned conglomerate

Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited

Temasek headquarters at The Atrium@Orchard in Singapore

Company type| State-owned private limited company
Industry| Investment management
Founded| 25 June 1974; 50 years ago (1974-06-25)[1]
Headquarters| Orchard Road, Singapore

Key people

* Lim Boon Heng[2] (chairman)
* Cheng Wai Keung (Deputy chairman)
* Dilhan Pillay Sandrasegara[2] (executive director & CEO)

Total assets|  S$382 billion (2023)
Owner| Government of Singapore

Number of employees

|  ~950 (2023)[3]
Subsidiaries|

* DBS Bank
* Seatrium
* Singapore Airlines
* CapitaLand
* ST Engineering
* SP Group
* Singtel
* Mediacorp
* PSA International
* Pavilion Energy
* Certis Group
* SMRT Corporation
* Surbana Jurong
* Vertex Holdings
* Alvogen
* ST Telemedia
* Constellar Group
* Mandai Park Holdings
* ... and others[4]

Website| temasek.com.sg

Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited is a Singaporean state-owned multinational investment firm. Incorporated on 25 June 1974, Temasek has a net portfolio of US$288 billion (S$389 billion) as of 2024, with S$33 billion divested and S$26 billion invested during the year.[1][5] Headquartered at Orchard Road, Singapore, it has 13 offices in 9 countries around the world, including in Beijing, Brussels, Hanoi, London, Mexico City, Mumbai, New York City, Paris, San Francisco, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Washington D.C.[6]

It is an active shareholder and investor, with four key structural trends guiding its long term portfolio construction—Digitisation, Sustainable Living, Future of Consumption, and Longer Lifespans.[7] Temasek's portfolio covers a broad spectrum of sectors. Its key focus investment areas include Consumer, Media & Technology, Life Sciences & Agri-Food, and Non-Bank Financial Services.[8]

Temasek has held overall corporate global credit ratings of “Aaa/AAA” by rating agencies Moody's[9] and Standard & Poor's[10] respectively since its inaugural credit ratings in 2004. It has also attained perfect quarterly scores[11] on the Linaburg-Maduell Transparency Index, a measure of the openness of government-owned investment funds. Temasek is primarily anchored in Asia, but with a global portfolio, with a 64% underlying exposure to developed economies.[12]

While Temasek is largely considered as being a sovereign wealth fund (SWF), there are major differences as it invests mostly in equities, is the outright owner of many assets and companies, and pays taxes like other commercial investment firms.[13] Temasek's one-year total shareholder return (TSR) was 1.60%, with longer term 10-year and 20-year TSRs at 6% and 7% respectively, compounded annually.[5] Its TSR since inception was 14%, compounded over 50 years.[14] In addition to Temasek, the Government of Singapore also owns GIC Private Limited, a traditional SWF which manages about US$744 billion (S$1.006 trillion) of assets as of 2022[15][16] and the compulsory pension programme Central Provident Fund (CPF) with assets of US$397 billion (S$540 billion),[17] giving a total publicly known AUM of approximately US$1.64 trillion.

## Status

[edit]

Temasek is a company incorporated in Singapore, and operates under the provisions of the Singapore Companies Act. It is neither a government agency nor a statutory board. Like any other commercial company, Temasek pays taxes that contributes to government revenue in the countries it operates in, distributes dividends to its shareholder and has its own board of directors and a professional management team. Its sole shareholder is the Singapore Minister for Finance.[18]

Temasek is designated a Fifth Schedule[18] entity under the Constitution of Singapore, which imposes certain safeguards to protect the government's past reserves. For instance, the approval of the President of Singapore is required for any transaction which is likely to result in a draw-down of Temasek's cash reserves.[19] The president also has the right to appoint, terminate, or renew the members of Temasek's board of directors. In most other respects, however, Temasek operates as an independent commercial investment holding company.[20]

In a 2009 speech,[21] Ho Ching, then Temasek Holdings' Executive Director and CEO, said that the company had made an effort to instill discipline and professionalism, and to be tested and measured by providing public markers of performance. She noted that Temasek's bonds spreads and credit ratings have been regularly[22] and independently[23] monitored as public markers of Temasek's financial position and credit risks. Temasek had also openly[24] and accurately[25] disclosed its financial information through its annual report (although Ho said that, as a private company, it was not legally obliged to do so).

## History

[edit]

At the point of Singapore's independence in August 1965, the Government of Singapore had ownership or joint ownership of various local companies, such as Malaysia-Singapore Airlines (later split up into Malaysia Airlines and Singapore Airlines) and the Singapore Telephone Board (which became Singapore Telecommunications). As part of its push for local and foreign private investment in sectors such as manufacturing and shipbuilding, the government's Economic Development Board (EDB) also bought minority stakes in a variety of local companies.[26] During the first ten years after independence, the government acquired or established several companies, such as the Keppel Corporation (originally Keppel Shipyard, taken over from the Royal Navy after the British military withdrawal from Singapore), ST Engineering (originally a weapon manufacturer set up to supply the Singapore Armed Forces), and the shipping company Neptune Orient Lines.[27]

On 25 June 1974, Temasek was incorporated under the Singapore Companies Act[1][28] to hold and manage the assets previously held directly by the Singapore government, named for an early settlement on the island. The goal was for Temasek to own and manage these investments on a commercial basis,[21] allowing the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Trade and Industry to focus on policymaking.[29]

In February 2020, Temasek announced a company-wide wage freeze and voluntary pay cuts for senior management in part to help fund community programs aimed at alleviating the impact of COVID-19.[30]

On 1 October 2021, Dilhan Pillay Sandrasegara, the current chief executive officer of Temasek International (TI), succeeded Ho Ching as executive director and chief executive officer of Temasek Holdings.[31]

## Investments

[edit]

Temasek's initial portfolio of S$354 million comprised shares previously held by the Singapore Government, including a bird park, a hotel, a shoemaker, a detergent producer, naval yards converted into a ship repair business, a start-up airline, and an iron and steel mill.[32]

### 2000s

[edit]

Temasek's 2006 acquisition of Shin Corporation, owned by the family of then Thai prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra, was particularly controversial, with protestors burning effigies of Lee and Ho on the streets of Bangkok.[33] The deal was a factor in exacerbating the Thai political crisis, which eventually led to the downfall of Thaksin and a review of the transaction's legality. The military junta that overthrew Thaksin later tried unsuccessfully to force Temasek to divest a large part of its investment in Shin Corp.[34] As of 2015, Temasek's stake in Intouch Corporation (as Shin Corporation was renamed) had reduced to 42%.[35] In 2016, Temasek sold a further 21% stake in Intouch Holdings, the Thai telecoms conglomerate formerly known as Shin Corp.[36]

### 2010s

[edit]

Beginning in 2015, Temasek began making large investments in agricultural and agricultural-related companies and ventures.[37]

In June 2018, Temasek invested S$340 million in a minority stake in UST Global, a digital technology services company.[38] The size of the stake was not disclosed.

In February 2019, Temasek invested in Zilingo.[39]

Temasek purchased 30 per cent of Haldor Topsoe's shares in March 2019. The investment company was selected in recognition of the value that it would add through its deep insights and connections in Asian growth and other emerging markets, according to the Danish engineering firm.[40] The transaction price was not disclosed.

### 2020s

[edit]

In August 2020, Temasek Holdings added a 3.9 per cent stake in BlackRock Inc, worth about US$3.5 billion, becoming one of its largest shareholders.[41] According to people familiar with the matter, Temasek was one of several players that bought the money manager's shares when PNC Financial Services Group Inc. sold a US$14 billion stake earlier in the year.[42]

In November 2020 Temasek with Creadev led a EUR140 million series C financing of French biotechnology company InnovaFeed.[43][44]

In 2021, Temasek invested in cryptocurrency exchange FTX.[45] Following FTX's collapse in November 2022, Temasek wrote down the value of their $275 million investment in FTX to zero.[46]

In February 2022, Temasek led a $200 million fundraising round for a Singaporean cryptocurrency financing company, Amber Group.[47]

In May 2022, Temasek was finalizing talks to lead a $50 million financing round for DotPe, an Indian startup backed by Google.[48] The same year, the company together with Ventury Partners led a $108 million financing round for Indian startup Country Delight.[49]

In August 2022, Temasek leads a $100 million financing round for Animoca Brands.[50]

In April 2023, Temasek announced that it would acquire an additional 41 per cent stake in Bengaluru-based Manipal Health Enterprises (MHE), resulting in a total stake of 59 per cent.[51]

In June 2024, Temasek was finalizing its sale of some assets from liquefied natural gas (LNG) trading company Pavilion Energy to Shell, with the deal worth hundreds of millions of US dollars.[52]

## Sustainability

[edit]

As a company, Temasek has been carbon neutral since 2020. The firm has publicly stated that its goal is to reduce the net carbon emissions attributed to its entire portfolio to half of 2010 levels by 2030. It aims to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050.[53]

In 2024, the company launched its inaugural sustainability report, stating that portfolio emissions were cut by 22 per cent for the financial year. Their sustainability-aligned investments accounted for 12 per cent of their net portfolio value and stood at $44 billion.[54]

## See also

[edit]

* Government of Singapore Investment Corporation (GIC)
* Reserves of the Government of Singapore

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c "Temasek Holdings is incorporated". NLB. Archived from the original on 9 June 2019. Retrieved 27 July 2019.
2. ^ a b "Our Leadership – About Temasek". Temasek Holdings. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
3. ^ "Our OneTemasek Team – Institution". Temasek Review 2021. Archived from the original on 13 July 2023. Retrieved 13 July 2023.
4. ^ "TEMASEK HOLDINGS (PRIVATE) LIMITED (197401143C) – Singapore Business Directory". SGPBusiness.com. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 30 September 2022.
5. ^ a b Temasek, Holdings (9 July 2024). "Temasek Review 2024". Temasek Review 2024: With Tomorrow in Mind. Archived from the original on 3 July 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
6. ^ "Temasek Review 2021: Bounce Forward". Temasek Corporate Website. 13 July 2021. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
7. ^ Chan, Genevieve (5 December 2021). "Four keys that could unlock a better, more sustainable world". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022.
8. ^ "Temasek Review 2021" (PDF). Temasek Review. 13 July 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 April 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
9. ^ "Moody's Rating Updates" (PDF). Moody's Investors Service. 28 July 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
10. ^ "S&P Global Ratings". 9 August 2021. Archived from the original on 14 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
11. ^ "Temasek hits perfect score on transparency index". AsiaOne. 5 June 2009. Archived from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
12. ^ "Our Portfolio". Temasek Corporate Website. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
13. ^ "Temasek is different from other sovereign wealth funds and pays tax - Chairman". Venture Capital Post. 5 December 2013. Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
14. ^ Subhani, Ovais (12 July 2022). "Temasek portfolio surges to record high, driven by Singapore investments". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 12 July 2022. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
15. ^ "Singapore's $744 Billion Fund Eyes Deals in Low-Return World". Bloomberg.com. 7 February 2022. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
16. ^ Ramli, David; Chanjaroen, Chanyaporn (12 January 2022). "Singapore's GIC Set to Manage Extra $137 Billion in Reserves". www.bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2022. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
17. ^ "CPFB | CPF statistics". www.cpf.gov.sg. Archived from the original on 9 December 2022. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
18. ^ a b "Corporate Governance". Temasek Corporate Website English. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
19. ^ "Shareholders approve Temasek buyout of Singapore rail operator". Reuters. 29 September 2016. Archived from the original on 25 May 2023. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
20. ^ "Portfolio Performance". Archived from the original on 12 September 2019. Retrieved 17 November 2020.Retrieved 21 March 2018.
21. ^ a b "Speeches by Ho Ching, Executive Director & CEO, at the Institute of Policy Studies". 29 July 2009. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013.
22. ^ "Moody's affirms Temasek's Aaa rating". Moody's. 18 April 2013. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
23. ^ "S&P CONFIRMS AAA RATING AS TEMASEK UPSIZES GLOBAL NOTES TO US$15 BILLION". 15 July 2013. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
24. ^ "Tougher challenges for Temasek ahead". 17 July 2012. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013.
25. ^ "Temasek Holdings responds to NSP's claims". 23 August 2011. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
26. ^ "About Singapore - Our History - The Sixties". Archived from the original on 6 October 2012.
27. ^ Francis, Rozario (23 February 1968). "A takeover of 15,000 acres". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 12 August 2022. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
28. ^ "Singapore Statutes Online - 50 - Companies Act". Archived from the original on 31 December 2012.
29. ^ "Temasek Holdings FAQs - (15 Sep 2011) | PDF | Corporations | Companies". Scribd. Archived from the original on 24 July 2023. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
30. ^ "Temasek Biggest Shareholdings Fall $23.5 Billion in Three Months". Bloomberg.com. 23 March 2020. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
31. ^ Poon, Chian Hui (9 February 2021). "Ho Ching to retire as Temasek CEO on Oct 1; Dilhan Pillay named successor". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
32. ^ "Chart of the Day: Temasek's major stock investments yielded 8.1%". Singapore Business Review. 8 March 2018. Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
33. ^ Thailand: Protesters burn images of Lee, wife. Bangkok Post Archived 18 February 2023 at the Wayback Machine, 18 March 2006.
34. ^ Thailand Moves Against Foreign Firms Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Asia Sentinel, 10 January 2007
35. ^ "Temasek Review". Temasek. 4 July 2015. Archived from the original on 21 June 2019. Retrieved 21 October 2015.
36. ^ Lee, Marissa (19 August 2016). "Temasek sells telco shares to Singtel for $2.47b". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 18 February 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
37. ^ Ramli, David (25 July 2022). "The $290 Billion Fund Helping Make Tiny Singapore an Agricultural Powerhouse". Bloomberg. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
38. ^ hermes (28 June 2018). "Temasek invests $340m in UST Global". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
39. ^ "E-commerce startup Zilingo raises $226M to digitize Asia's fashion supply chain". TechCrunch. 12 February 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
40. ^ "Haldor Topsøe Holding A/S sells minority stake to Temasek". GlobeNewsWire. 12 March 2019. Archived from the original on 1 October 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
41. ^ "Temasek buys stake worth US$3.5b in BlackRock". The Business Times. Archived from the original on 21 March 2023. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
42. ^ "Temasek Holdings adds 3.9% stake in BlackRock for US$3.5 bil; becomes one of BlackRock's largest shareholders". The Edge Singapore. Archived from the original on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
43. ^ "Qui est Temasek, le fonds qui a investi dans ManoMano, Alan et InnovaFeed ?". Maddyness - Le média pour comprendre l'économie de demain (in French). 25 November 2020. Archived from the original on 11 May 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
44. ^ "Innovafeed Raises US $250M (€250M) in Series D Financing Round to Accelerate Growth| Experience". Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 14 March 2023.
45. ^ "Crypto exchange FTX raises $566m in funding round co-led by Temasek". The Straits Times. 22 October 2021. Archived from the original on 9 November 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
46. ^ "As FTX collapses, Temasek becomes latest backer to write down $275 mln funding". Reuters. 17 November 2022. Archived from the original on 17 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
47. ^ Lee, Zinnia (22 February 2022). "Singapore Crypto Firm Amber Group Hits $3 Billion Valuation In Funding Round Led By Temasek". Forbes. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
48. ^ Singh, Manish (31 May 2022). "Temasek in talks to invest in Google-backed DotPe". TechCrunch. Yahoo. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
49. ^ Shah, Sneha (25 May 2022). "Country Delight raises funding from Temasek, Venturi Partners, valuation touches $615 million". The Economic Times. ISSN 0013-0389. Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
50. ^ "Temasek to Lead $100 Million Funding for Crypto Landlord Animoca". Bloomberg.com. 30 August 2022. Archived from the original on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
51. ^ "Temasek acquires majority stake in India's Manipal Health Enterprises for reported US$2 billion". The Business Times. 10 April 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
52. ^ "Temasek to finalise sale of Pavilion Energy's LNG assets to Shell, sources say". The Straits Times. 13 June 2024. ISSN 0585-3923. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
53. ^ "Temasek Review 2021: From Our Chairman". Temasek Review. July 2021. Archived from the original on 16 July 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
54. ^ Tan, Sue-Ann (9 July 2024). "Temasek's portfolio emissions drop 22%; company to step up sustainable investments". The Straits Times. ISSN 0585-3923. Retrieved 11 July 2024.

## External links

[edit]

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