Temperature in Canada

Köppen climate classification types of Canada

Climate in Canada varies widely from region to region. In many parts of the country, particularly in the interior and Prairie provinces, winters are long, very cold, and feature frequent snow. Most of Canada has a continental climate, which features a large annual range of temperatures, cold winters, and warm summers. Daily average temperatures are near −15 °C (5 °F), but can drop below −50 °C (−58 °F) with severe wind chills.[1] In non-coastal regions, snow can cover the ground for almost six months of the year, while in parts of the north snow can persist year-round. Coastal British Columbia has a more temperate climate, with a mild and rainy, cloudy winter. The British Columbia Southern interior has a semi-desert climate in many locations, with long warm to hot, dry summers, and short moderate winters. The immediate area adjacent to the town of Ashcroft, features Canada's only true desert. On the east and west coasts, average summer high temperatures are generally in the low 20s °C, while between the coasts, the average summer high temperature ranges from 25 to 30 °C (77 to 86 °F), with temperatures in some interior locations occasionally exceeding 40 °C (104 °F).[2]

Much of Northern Canada is covered by ice and permafrost; however, the future of the permafrost is uncertain because the Arctic has been warming at three times the global average as a result of climate change in Canada.[3] Canada's annual average temperature over land has warmed by 1.7 °C (3.1 °F), with changes ranging from 1.1 to 2.3 °C (2.0 to 4.1 °F) in various regions, since 1948.[4] The rate of warming has been higher across the North and in the Prairies.[4] In the southern regions of Canada, air pollution from both Canada and the United States—caused by metal smelting, burning coal to power utilities, and vehicle emissions—has resulted in acid rain, which has severely impacted waterways, forest growth and agricultural productivity in Canada.[5]

## Averages

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The following tables show the average maximum and minimum temperatures of Canada of various cities across Canada, based on the climate period from 1981 to 2010 for the months of January and July (generally the lowest and highest average temperature months, but not in every case).

The two major Canadian cities that fall outside the continental climate schema are Vancouver and Victoria. Vancouver experiences an oceanic climate, bordering warm-summer mediterranean with a marked summer dry season. Victoria, BC is the only major Canadian city entirely in a warm-summer mediterranean climate. Of the eight largest Canadian cities, Ottawa, Montreal and Toronto have the warmest summers, Winnipeg the coldest winters, while Vancouver's winters are far milder than any other large city in Canada.

In mountainous regions such as British Columbia the variety of elevations creates micro-climates with average temperatures that can vary wildly within relatively small distances. A few small towns in southern BC outside of Vancouver, for example, have a humid continental climate (Dfb) with average winter temperatures and cold snaps comparable to other parts of the country.

Central Canada and northern Canada experiences subarctic and Arctic climates, much of them arid. Those areas are not heavily populated due to the severe climate, where it drops below −20 °C (−4 °F) on most winter days and has a very brief summer season.

Some Mountain passes in southern BC also have a subarctic or subalpine climate, creating extremely dangerous driving conditions, as drivers may be unaware of wintry road conditions when they come from nearby areas like Vancouver and Kamloops which is semi-desert, that are much warmer.[6]

The table can be reordered by clicking on the box in each column. Places in italics are provincial capitals, bold is the national capital.

Community  | Weather station  | Location  | Elevation  | January
Avg. high °C (°F) | January
Avg. low °C (°F) | July
Avg. high °C (°F) | July
Avg. low °C (°F) | Annual
Avg. high °C (°F) | Annual
Avg. low °C (°F)

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Alberton, PE[7] |   | 46°51′00″N 064°01′00″W﻿ / ﻿46.85000°N 64.01667°W﻿ / 46.85000; -64.01667﻿ (Alberton) | 3 m (9.8 ft)  | −3.9 (25.0)  | −12.5 (9.5)  | 23.2 (73.8)  | 14.1 (57.4)  | 9.6 (49.3)  | 1.3 (34.3)
Baker Lake, NU[8] | YBK | 64°17′56″N 096°04′40″W﻿ / ﻿64.29889°N 96.07778°W﻿ / 64.29889; -96.07778﻿ (Baker Lake Airport) | 18.6 m (61 ft)  | −27.7 (−17.9)  | −34.8 (−30.6)  | 17.0 (62.6)  | 6.1 (43.0)  | −7.3 (18.9)  | −15.2 (4.6)
Baie-Comeau, QC[9] | YBC | 49°08′00″N 068°12′00″W﻿ / ﻿49.13333°N 68.20000°W﻿ / 49.13333; -68.20000﻿ (Baie-Comeau) | 22 m (72 ft)  | −8.7 (16.3)  | −19.9 (−3.8)  | 20.9 (69.6)  | 10.3 (50.5)  | 6.6 (43.9)  | −3.3 (26.1)
Calgary, AB[10] | YYC | 51°06′50″N 114°01′13″W﻿ / ﻿51.11389°N 114.02028°W﻿ / 51.11389; -114.02028﻿ (Calgary) | 1,084 m (3,556 ft)  | −0.9 (30.4)  | −13.2 (8.2)  | 23.2 (73.8)  | 9.8 (49.6)  | 10.8 (51.4)  | −1.9 (28.6)
Charlottetown, PE[11] | YYG | 46°17′19″N 063°07′43″W﻿ / ﻿46.28861°N 63.12861°W﻿ / 46.28861; -63.12861﻿ (Charlottetown) | 49 m (161 ft)  | −3.4 (25.9)  | −12.1 (10.2)  | 23.3 (73.9)  | 14.1 (57.4)  | 9.9 (49.8)  | 1.3 (34.3)
Churchill, MB[12] | YYQ | 58°44′21″N 094°03′59″W﻿ / ﻿58.73917°N 94.06639°W﻿ / 58.73917; -94.06639﻿ (Churchill) | 29 m (95 ft)  | −21.9 (−7.4)  | −30.1 (−22.2)  | 18.0 (64.4)  | 7.3 (45.1)  | −2.3 (27.9)  | −10.7 (12.7)
Corner Brook, NL[13] |   | 48°57′00″N 057°57′00″W﻿ / ﻿48.95000°N 57.95000°W﻿ / 48.95000; -57.95000﻿ (Corner Brook) | 5 m (16 ft)  | −2.7 (27.1)  | −9.6 (14.7)  | 22.0 (71.6)  | 12.6 (54.7)  | 9.0 (48.2)  | 1.3 (34.3)
Dawson City, YT[14] | YDA | 64°02′35″N 139°07′40″W﻿ / ﻿64.04306°N 139.12778°W﻿ / 64.04306; -139.12778﻿ (Dawson City) | 370 m (1,210 ft)  | −21.8 (−7.2)  | −30.1 (−22.2)  | 23.1 (73.6)  | 8.2 (46.8)  | 2.1 (35.8)  | −10.3 (13.5)
Edmonton, AB[15] | YXD | 53°34′24″N 113°31′06″W﻿ / ﻿53.57333°N 113.51833°W﻿ / 53.57333; -113.51833﻿ (Edmonton) | 671 m (2,201 ft)  | −6.0 (21.2)  | −14.8 (5.4)  | 23.1 (73.6)  | 12.3 (54.1)  | 9.3 (48.7)  | −1.0 (30.2)
Edmundston, NB[16] |   | 47°20′47″N 068°11′16″W﻿ / ﻿47.34639°N 68.18778°W﻿ / 47.34639; -68.18778﻿ (Edmundston) | 163 m (535 ft)  | −7.1 (19.2)  | −18.5 (−1.3)  | 24.7 (76.5)  | 11.5 (52.7)  | 9.5 (49.1)  | −2.3 (27.9)
Fort Nelson, BC[17] | YYE | 58°50′11″N 122°35′50″W﻿ / ﻿58.83639°N 122.59722°W﻿ / 58.83639; -122.59722﻿ (Fort Nelson) | 382 m (1,253 ft)  | −16.1 (3.0)  | −24.6 (−12.3)  | 23.2 (73.8)  | 10.9 (51.6)  | 5.2 (41.4)  | −6.0 (21.2)
Fredericton, NB[18] | YFC | 45°52′20″N 066°31′40″W﻿ / ﻿45.87222°N 66.52778°W﻿ / 45.87222; -66.52778﻿ (Fredericton) | 21 m (69 ft)  | −3.8 (25.2)  | −15.0 (5.0)  | 25.5 (77.9)  | 13.0 (55.4)  | 11.4 (52.5)  | −0.2 (31.6)
Halifax, NS[19] | YHZ | 44°52′48″N 063°30′00″W﻿ / ﻿44.88000°N 63.50000°W﻿ / 44.88000; -63.50000﻿ (Halifax) | 145 m (476 ft)  | −1.3 (29.7)  | −10.4 (13.3)  | 23.8 (74.8)  | 13.7 (56.7)  | 11.3 (52.3)  | 1.9 (35.4)
High Level, AB[20] | YOJ | 58°37′17″N 117°09′53″W﻿ / ﻿58.62139°N 117.16472°W﻿ / 58.62139; -117.16472﻿ (High Level) | 338 m (1,109 ft)  | −15.0 (5.0)  | −25.8 (−14.4)  | 23.0 (73.4)  | 9.9 (49.8)  | 5.2 (41.4)  | −7.2 (19.0)
Inuvik, NT[21] | YEV | 68°18′15″N 133°28′58″W﻿ / ﻿68.30417°N 133.48278°W﻿ / 68.30417; -133.48278﻿ (Inuvik) | 68 m (223 ft)  | −22.8 (−9.0)  | −31.0 (−23.8)  | 19.5 (67.1)  | 8.6 (47.5)  | −3.5 (25.7)  | −12.9 (8.8)
Iqaluit, NU[22] | YFB | 63°45′00″N 068°33′00″W﻿ / ﻿63.75000°N 68.55000°W﻿ / 63.75000; -68.55000﻿ (Iqaluit) | 34 m (112 ft)  | −22.8 (−9.0)  | −30.9 (−23.6)  | 12.3 (54.1)  | 4.1 (39.4)  | −5.6 (21.9)  | −13.1 (8.4)
Kamloops, BC[23] | YKA | 50°42′08″N 120°26′31″W﻿ / ﻿50.70222°N 120.44194°W﻿ / 50.70222; -120.44194﻿ (Kamloops) | 345.3 m (1,133 ft)  | 0.4 (32.7)  | −5.9 (21.4)  | 28.9 (84.0)  | 14.2 (57.6)  | 14.8 (58.6)  | 3.7 (38.7)
Kugluktuk, NU[24] | YCO | 67°49′00″N 115°08′38″W﻿ / ﻿67.81667°N 115.14389°W﻿ / 67.81667; -115.14389﻿ (Kugluktuk) | 23 m (75 ft)  | −23.2 (−9.8)  | −31.4 (−24.5)  | 15.6 (60.1)  | 6.1 (43.0)  | −6.1 (21.0)  | −14.4 (6.1)
La Ronge, SK[25] | YVC | 55°09′00″N 105°16′00″W﻿ / ﻿55.15000°N 105.26667°W﻿ / 55.15000; -105.26667﻿ (La Ronge) | 379 m (1,243 ft)  | −13.4 (7.9)  | −24.2 (−11.6)  | 23.5 (74.3)  | 11.5 (52.7)  | 5.9 (42.6)  | −5.5 (22.1)
Mayo, YT[26] | YMA | 63°37′00″N 135°52′00″W﻿ / ﻿63.61667°N 135.86667°W﻿ / 63.61667; -135.86667﻿ (Mayo) | 504 m (1,654 ft)  | −18.0 (−0.4)  | −28.2 (−18.8)  | 22.8 (73.0)  | 9.4 (48.9)  | 3.4 (38.1)  | −8.2 (17.2)
Moncton, NB[27] | YQM | 46°06′19″N 064°41′02″W﻿ / ﻿46.10528°N 64.68389°W﻿ / 46.10528; -64.68389﻿ (Moncton) | 71 m (233 ft)  | −3.7 (25.3)  | −14.0 (6.8)  | 24.7 (76.5)  | 12.9 (55.2)  | 10.7 (51.3)  | 0.1 (32.2)
Montreal, QC[28] | YUL | 45°28′00″N 073°45′00″W﻿ / ﻿45.46667°N 73.75000°W﻿ / 45.46667; -73.75000﻿ (Montreal) | 36 m (118 ft)  | −5.3 (22.5)  | −14.0 (6.8)  | 26.3 (79.3)  | 16.1 (61.0)  | 11.5 (52.7)  | 2.0 (35.6)
Nain, NL[29] | YDP | 56°33′00″N 061°41′00″W﻿ / ﻿56.55000°N 61.68333°W﻿ / 56.55000; -61.68333﻿ (Nain) | 6 m (20 ft)  | −13.5 (7.7)  | −21.6 (−6.9)  | 14.9 (58.8)  | 5.3 (41.5)  | 1.7 (35.1)  | −6.6 (20.1)
Norman Wells, NT[30] | YVQ | 65°16′57″N 126°48′01″W﻿ / ﻿65.28250°N 126.80028°W﻿ / 65.28250; -126.80028﻿ (Norman Wells) | 73 m (240 ft)  | −22.2 (−8.0)  | −29.9 (−21.8)  | 22.5 (72.5)  | 11.5 (52.7)  | −0.4 (31.3)  | −9.9 (14.2)
Ottawa, ON[31] | YOW | 45°19′21″N 075°40′09″W﻿ / ﻿45.32250°N 75.66917°W﻿ / 45.32250; -75.66917﻿ (Ottawa) | 114 m (374 ft)  | −5.8 (21.6)  | −14.8 (5.4)  | 26.5 (79.7)  | 15.5 (59.9)  | 11.3 (52.3)  | 1.4 (34.5)
Princeton, BC[32] | CYDC | 49°28′05″N 120°30′41″W﻿ / ﻿49.46806°N 120.51139°W﻿ / 49.46806; -120.51139﻿ (Princeton Airport) | 700 m (2,300 ft)  | −1.4 (29.5)  | −8.6 (16.5)  | 26.3 (79.3)  | 9.5 (49.1)  | 12.9 (55.2)  | 0.2 (32.4)
Quebec City, QC[33] | YQB | 46°48′00″N 071°23′00″W﻿ / ﻿46.80000°N 71.38333°W﻿ / 46.80000; -71.38333﻿ (Quebec City) | 74 m (243 ft)  | −7.9 (17.8)  | −17.7 (0.1)  | 25.0 (77.0)  | 13.5 (56.3)  | 9.2 (48.6)  | −0.8 (30.6)
Regina, SK[34] | YQR | 50°26′00″N 104°40′00″W﻿ / ﻿50.43333°N 104.66667°W﻿ / 50.43333; -104.66667﻿ (Regina) | 578 m (1,896 ft)  | −9.3 (15.3)  | −20.1 (−4.2)  | 25.8 (78.4)  | 11.9 (53.4)  | 9.3 (48.7)  | −3.2 (26.2)
Resolute, NU[35] | YRB | 74°43′01″N 094°58′10″W﻿ / ﻿74.71694°N 94.96944°W﻿ / 74.71694; -94.96944﻿ (Resolute) | 68 m (223 ft)  | −28.6 (−19.5)  | −35.3 (−31.5)  | 7.3 (45.1)  | 1.7 (35.1)  | −12.7 (9.1)  | −18.6 (−1.5)
Saskatoon, SK[36] | YXE | 52°10′00″N 106°43′00″W﻿ / ﻿52.16667°N 106.71667°W﻿ / 52.16667; -106.71667﻿ (Saskatoon) | 504 m (1,654 ft)  | −10.1 (13.8)  | −20.7 (−5.3)  | 25.3 (77.5)  | 11.6 (52.9)  | 8.6 (47.5)  | −3.5 (25.7)
St. John's, NL[37] | YYT | 47°37′20″N 052°44′34″W﻿ / ﻿47.62222°N 52.74278°W﻿ / 47.62222; -52.74278﻿ (St. John's) | 141 m (463 ft)  | −0.8 (30.6)  | −8.2 (17.2)  | 20.7 (69.3)  | 10.9 (51.6)  | 9.0 (48.2)  | 1.0 (33.8)
Summerside, PE[38] | YSU | 46°26′20″N 063°49′54″W﻿ / ﻿46.43889°N 63.83167°W﻿ / 46.43889; -63.83167﻿ (Summerside) | 20 m (66 ft)  | −3.2 (26.2)  | −12.1 (10.2)  | 23.8 (74.8)  | 14.6 (58.3)  | 9.9 (49.8)  | 1.6 (34.9)
Sydney, NS[39] | YQY | 46°10′00″N 060°02′53″W﻿ / ﻿46.16667°N 60.04806°W﻿ / 46.16667; -60.04806﻿ (Sydney) | 62 m (203 ft)  | −1.1 (30.0)  | −9.6 (14.7)  | 23.1 (73.6)  | 12.6 (54.7)  | 10.3 (50.5)  | 1.4 (34.5)
Thompson, MB[40] | YTH | 55°48′12″N 097°51′45″W﻿ / ﻿55.80333°N 97.86250°W﻿ / 55.80333; -97.86250﻿ (Thompson) | 224 m (735 ft)  | −18.3 (−0.9)  | −29.3 (−20.7)  | 23.1 (73.6)  | 9.1 (48.4)  | 3.4 (38.1)  | −9.1 (15.6)
Timmins, ON[41] | YTS | 48°34′11″N 081°22′36″W﻿ / ﻿48.56972°N 81.37667°W﻿ / 48.56972; -81.37667﻿ (Timmins) | 295 m (968 ft)  | −10.6 (12.9)  | −23.0 (−9.4)  | 24.2 (75.6)  | 10.7 (51.3)  | 7.9 (46.2)  | −4.3 (24.3)
Toronto, ON[42] | YYZ | 43°40′38″N 079°37′50″W﻿ / ﻿43.67722°N 79.63056°W﻿ / 43.67722; -79.63056﻿ (Toronto) | 173 m (568 ft)  | −1.5 (29.3)  | −9.4 (15.1)  | 27.1 (80.8)  | 15.8 (60.4)  | 13.0 (55.4)  | 3.3 (37.9)
Vancouver, BC[43] | YVR | 49°11′42″N 123°10′55″W﻿ / ﻿49.19500°N 123.18194°W﻿ / 49.19500; -123.18194﻿ (Vancouver) | 4 m (13 ft)  | 6.9 (44.4)  | 1.4 (34.5)  | 22.2 (72.0)  | 13.7 (56.7)  | 13.9 (57.0)  | 6.8 (44.2)
Victoria, BC[44] | YYJ | 48°38′50″N 123°25′33″W﻿ / ﻿48.64722°N 123.42583°W﻿ / 48.64722; -123.42583﻿ (Victoria) | 20 m (66 ft)  | 7.6 (45.7)  | 1.5 (34.7)  | 22.4 (72.3)  | 11.3 (52.3)  | 14.4 (57.9)  | 5.6 (42.1)
Whitehorse, YT[45] | YXY | 60°42′34″N 135°04′08″W﻿ / ﻿60.70944°N 135.06889°W﻿ / 60.70944; -135.06889﻿ (Whitehorse) | 706 m (2,316 ft)  | −11.0 (12.2)  | −19.2 (−2.6)  | 20.6 (69.1)  | 8.0 (46.4)  | 5.1 (41.2)  | −5.2 (22.6)
Windsor, ON[46] | YQG | 42°16′32″N 82°57′20″W﻿ / ﻿42.27556°N 82.95556°W﻿ / 42.27556; -82.95556﻿ (Windsor) | 190 m (620 ft)  | −0.3 (31.5)  | −7.3 (18.9)  | 28.1 (82.6)  | 17.9 (64.2)  | 14.4 (57.9)  | 5.4 (41.7)
Winnipeg, MB[47] | YWG | 49°55′00″N 097°14′00″W﻿ / ﻿49.91667°N 97.23333°W﻿ / 49.91667; -97.23333﻿ (Winnipeg) | 239 m (784 ft)  | −11.3 (11.7)  | −21.4 (−6.5)  | 25.9 (78.6)  | 13.5 (56.3)  | 8.7 (47.7)  | −2.7 (27.1)
Yarmouth, NS[48] | YQI | 43°49′51″N 066°05′19″W﻿ / ﻿43.83083°N 66.08861°W﻿ / 43.83083; -66.08861﻿ (Yarmouth) | 43 m (141 ft)  | 0.8 (33.4)  | −6.9 (19.6)  | 20.9 (69.6)  | 12.7 (54.9)  | 11.1 (52.0)  | 3.2 (37.8)
Yellowknife, NT[49] | YZF | 62°27′46″N 114°26′25″W﻿ / ﻿62.46278°N 114.44028°W﻿ / 62.46278; -114.44028﻿ (Yellowknife) | 206 m (676 ft)  | −21.6 (−6.9)  | −29.5 (−21.1)  | 21.3 (70.3)  | 12.6 (54.7)  | 0.0 (32.0)  | −8.6 (16.5)

### Heat, cold and frost averages

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Yearly temperature averages for selected locations in Canada[50] Location  | Region  | Days >30°  | Days >20°  | Frosts  | Max temp <0°  | Days <-10°  | Days

<-20°

| First frost  | Last frost  | Frost-free

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Baker Lake | NU | 0.21 | 13.1 | 270.5 | 225.5 | 206.3 | 158.2 | Aug 30 | Jun 25 | 65 days
Brandon | MB | 15.9 | 109.8 | 202.3 | 110.0 | 108.6 | 52.6 | Sep 14 | May 24 | 112 days
Calgary | AB | 5.1 | 87.2 | 194.4 | 59.3 | 71.3 | 21.7 | Sep 16 | May 21 | 117 days
Charlottetown | PE | 0.9 | 79.3 | 160.2 | 72.6 | 54.6 | 6.5 | Oct 17 | May 16 | 153 days
Churchill | MB | 1.1 | 28.0 | 247.5 | 193.7 | 171.0 | 117.2 | Sep 15 | Jun 19 | 87 days
Corner Brook | NL | 0.7 | 58.5 | 159.3 | 79.0 | 43.0 | 3.4 | Oct 13 | May 19 | 146 days
Dawson Creek | BC | 2.6 | 62.1 | 243.7 | 156.9 | 162.4 | 104.1 | Aug 13 | Jun 3 | 70 days
Edmonton | AB | 4.0 | 88.4 | 179.7 | 82.6 | 75.3 | 24.6 | Sep 22 | May 9 | 135 days
Fort Frances | ON | 6.9 | 100.4 | 195.4 | 106.6 | 90.8 | 44.2 | Sep 17 | May 27 | 108 days
Fort McMurray | AB | 5.9 | 84.2 | 212.1 | 115.8 | 119.5 | 57.5 | Sep 6 | May 30 | 97 days
Fort Nelson | BC | 3.3 | 78.1 | 214.2 | 133.6 | 139.1 | 79.8 | Sep 11 | May 16 | 117 days
Fort Simpson | NT | 4.2 | 73.8 | 224.3 | 159.3 | 157.3 | 101.1 | Sep 1 | May 26 | 97 days
Fredericton | NB | 9.0 | 104.4 | 172.9 | 69.1 | 72.6 | 20.0 | Sep 25 | May 17 | 130 days
Halifax (city) | NS | 1.0 | 78.2 | 131.0 | 47.0 | 29.8 | 0.8 | Oct 31 | May 1 | 182 days
Hamilton | ON | 18.5 | 119.8 | 129.0 | 48.6 | 32.6 | 2.5 | Oct 16 | Apr 21 | 177 days
High Level | AB | 2.7 | 76.5 | 224.8 | 136.3 | 138.9 | 79.9 | Sep 1 | Jun 1 | 91 days
Iqaluit | NU | 0.0 | 2.1 | 265.8 | 212.2 | 182.4 | 130.6 | Sep 3 | Jun 20 | 74 days
Kamloops | BC | 32.8 | 132.0 | 119.2 | 34.5 | 19.9 | 3.4 | Oct 10 | Apr 24 | 169 days
Kuujjuaq | QC | 0.3 | 21.7 | 244.0 | 177.1 | 155.6 | 104.5 | Sep 9 | Jun 18 | 82 days
Labrador City | NL | 0.4 | 33.1 | 232.8 | 155.3 | 144.5 | 90.6 | Sep 14 | Jun 9 | 95 days
Liverpool | NS | 3.3 | 102.7 | 146.8 | 42.0 | 34.6 | 3.6 | Oct 5 | May 15 | 142 days
Medicine Hat | AB | 26.5 | 120.4 | 174.6 | 58.4 | 64.4 | 22.8 | Sep 25 | May 13 | 134 days
Moose Jaw | SK | 21.7 | 115.1 | 188.7 | 86.7 | 87.7 | 37.7 | Sep 17 | May 17 | 121 days
Moncton | NB | 6.8 | 99.1 | 166.9 | 70.0 | 58.9 | 14.0 | Oct 2 | May 23 | 131 days
Montreal | QC | 9.3 | 117.1 | 147.7 | 74.0 | 62.9 | 14.3 | Oct 12 | Apr 29 | 165 days
Moosonee | ON | 6.1 | 66.3 | 224.9 | 129.1 | 125.6 | 78.4 | Aug 25 | Jun 26 | 58 days
Nain | NL | 0.5 | 16.4 | 230.1 | 148.1 | 126.7 | 62.4 | Sep 24 | Jun 18 | 96 days
Nanaimo | BC | 6.7 | 96.9 | 71.5 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 0.0 | Oct 26 | Apr 14 | 194 days
Osoyoos (west) | BC | 36.0 | 142.4 | 105.5 | 25.3 | 10.7 | 0.3 | Oct 9 | Apr 22 | 169 days
Ottawa | ON | 13.0 | 116.4 | 154.9 | 77.5 | 67.9 | 16.3 | Oct 7 | Apr 30 | 157 days
Princeton | BC | 24.2 | 107.6 | 177.8 | 50.6 | 33.6 | 6.4 | Sep 17 | May 23 | 116 Days
Quebec City | QC | 5.1 | 94.1 | 170.7 | 94.9 | 84.8 | 31.1 | Oct 4 | May 11 | 145 days
Regina | SK | 16.2 | 108.1 | 201.2 | 103.0 | 102.3 | 43.1 | Sep 12 | May 20 | 115 days
Saguenay | QC | 7.7 | 86.8 | 189.7 | 104.9 | 99.2 | 46.6 | Sep 23 | May 22 | 123 days
Saint John | NB | 0.9 | 74.3 | 167.2 | 60.7 | 65.7 | 14.1 | Oct 2 | May 16 | 138 days
Saskatoon | SK | 13.1 | 103.1 | 200.4 | 108.0 | 105.6 | 47.1 | Sep 15 | May 21 | 117 days
St. John's | NL | 0.1 | 52.6 | 166.6 | 65.9 | 34.9 | 0.6 | Oct 17 | May 30 | 139 days
Sydney | NS | 2.3 | 74.9 | 160.8 | 60.0 | 43.2 | 2.7 | Oct 17 | May 21 | 149 days
Thompson | MB | 3.8 | 66.9 | 238.6 | 152.5 | 150.0 | 100.0 | Aug 27 | Jun 14 | 74 days
Toronto | ON | 11.5 | 117.2 | 100.8 | 45.9 | 21.9 | 1.2 | Nov 3 | Apr 13 | 203 days
Toronto Airport | ON | 15.8 | 122.3 | 136.5 | 52.8 | 38.9 | 3.9 | Oct 16 | Apr 30 | 168 days
Vancouver | BC | 0.3 | 76.5 | 40.9 | 3.4 | 1.6 | 0.0 | Nov 10 | Mar 18 | 237 days
Victoria | BC | 2.1 | 78.9 | 46.0 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | Nov 5 | Apr 7 | 211 days
Windsor | ON | 23.5 | 138.9 | 116.3 | 44.3 | 24.1 | 1.2 | Oct 30 | Apr 17 | 195 days
Winnipeg | MB | 13.3 | 109.7 | 193.7 | 113.0 | 102.2 | 50.1 | Sep 22 | May 23 | 121 days
Whitehorse | YT | 0.9 | 41.5 | 221.3 | 118.7 | 106.4 | 48.7 | Aug 25 | Jun 5 | 80 days
Yarmouth | NS | 0.0 | 56.7 | 126.1 | 36.0 | 21.7 | 0.1 | Oct 21 | Apr 27 | 176 days
Yellowknife | NT | 0.4 | 42.8 | 224.5 | 175.2 | 160.9 | 105.2 | Sep 18 | May 25 | 115 days

## Extremes

[edit]

Climate data for Canada

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 22.2
(72.0)  | 26.5
(79.7)  | 28.9
(84.0)  | 37.2
(99.0)  | 42.2
(108.0)  | 49.6
(121.3)  | 45.0
(113.0)  | 44.0
(111.2)  | 40.6
(105.1)  | 34.0
(93.2)  | 29.4
(84.9)  | 25.0
(77.0)  | 49.6
(121.3)
Record low °C (°F)  | −61.2
(−78.2)  | −63.0
(−81.4)  | −55.6
(−68.1)  | −48.9
(−56.0)  | −35.0
(−31.0)  | −22.2
(−8.0)  | −11.1
(12.0)  | −16.7
(1.9)  | −31.7
(−25.1)  | −41.7
(−43.1)  | −52.8
(−63.0)  | −57.8
(−72.0)  | −63.0
(−81.4)
Source: February minimum,[51] June maximum,[52] November maximum[53]

### Extreme highs

[edit]

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

Month  | Temperature  | Date  | Location

|
|
|

January | 22.2 °C (72.0 °F) | January 26, 1950 | Niagara Falls, Ontario
February | 26.5 °C (79.7 °F) | February 27, 1992 | Fort Macleod, Alberta
March | 28.9 °C (84.0 °F) | March 23, 1911 | Medicine Hat, Alberta
April | 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) | April 21, 1980 | Emerson, Manitoba
May | 42.2 °C (108.0 °F) | May 30, 1934 | Morden, Manitoba
June | 49.6 °C (121.3 °F) | June 29, 2021 | Lytton, British Columbia
July | 45 °C (113 °F) | July 5, 1937 | Midale & Yellow Grass, Saskatchewan
August | 44 °C (111 °F) | August 3, 1984 | Altawan, Alberta
September | 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) | September 2, 1925 | Fort Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan
October | 34.4 °C (93.9 °F) | October 3, 1943 | Roadene, Saskatchewan[53]
November | 29.4 °C (84.9 °F) | November 4, 1916 | Jenner, Alberta
December | 25 °C (77 °F) | December 8, 1903 | Fort Macleod, Alberta

### Extreme lows

[edit]

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

Month  | Temperature  | Date  | Location

|
|
|

January | −61.2 °C (−78.2 °F) | January 11, 1911 | Fort Vermilion, Alberta
February | −63.0 °C (−81.4 °F) | February 3, 1947 | Snag, Yukon
March | −55.6 °C (−68.1 °F) | March 18, 1965 | Shepherd Bay, Nunavut
April | −48.9 °C (−56.0 °F) | April 8, 1964 | Eureka, Nunavut
May | −35 °C (−31 °F) | May 13, 1935 | Cambridge Bay, Nunavut
June | −22.2 °C (−8.0 °F) | June 1, 1976 | Bathurst Island, Nunavut
July | −11.1 °C (12.0 °F) | July 14, 1928 | Aklavik, Northwest Territories
August | −16.7 °C (1.9 °F) | August 31, 1915 | High River, Alberta
September | −31.7 °C (−25.1 °F) | September 25, 1961 | Eureka, Nunavut
October | −41.7 °C (−43.1 °F) | October 29, 1953 | Eureka, Nunavut
November | −52.8 °C (−63.0 °F) | November 27, 1948 | Snag, Yukon
December | −57.8 °C (−72.0 °F) | December 31, 1933 & December 13, 1946 | Fort Vermilion, Alberta & Mayo, Yukon

* Highest recorded June 29, 2021 49.6 °C (121.3 °F) Lytton, British Columbia.[52]
* Lowest recorded February 3, 1947 −63.0 °C (−81.4 °F) Snag, Yukon.[51]

The table can be reordered by clicking on the box in each column. Places in italics are provincial capital, bold is the national capital.

Community  | Weather station  | Location  | Elevation  | January
(Record high °C (°F)) | January
(Record low °C (°F)) | July
(Record high °C (°F)) | July
(Record low °C (°F)) | Annual
(Extreme high °C (°F)) | Annual
(Extreme low °C (°F))

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

Alberton, PE[7] |   | 46°51′00″N 064°01′00″W﻿ / ﻿46.85000°N 64.01667°W﻿ / 46.85000; -64.01667﻿ (Alberton) | 3 m (9.8 ft)  | 13.2 (55.8)  | −31.7 (−25.1)  | 33.0 (91.4)  | 3.0 (37.4)  | 33.3 (91.9)  | −33.0 (−27.4)
Alert, NU[54][55] | YLT | 82°30′05″N 62°20′20″W﻿ / ﻿82.50139°N 62.33889°W﻿ / 82.50139; -62.33889﻿ (Alert) | 30.5 m (100 ft)  | 0.0 (32.0)  | −50.0 (−58.0)  | 20.0 (68.0)  | −6.3 (20.7)  | 20.0 (68.0)  | −50.0 (−58.0)
Baker Lake, NU  | YBK | 64°17′56″N 096°04′40″W﻿ / ﻿64.29889°N 96.07778°W﻿ / 64.29889; -96.07778﻿ (Baker Lake Airport) | 18.6 m (61 ft)  | −1.7 (28.9)  | −50.6 (−59.1)  | 33.6 (92.5)  | −1.7 (28.9)  | 33.6 (92.5)  | −50.6 (−59.1)
Baie-Comeau, QC[9] | YBC | 49°08′00″N 068°12′00″W﻿ / ﻿49.13333°N 68.20000°W﻿ / 49.13333; -68.20000﻿ (Baie-Comeau) | 22 m (72 ft)  | 11.4 (52.5)  | −47.2 (−53.0)  | 32.8 (91.0)  | 0.6 (33.1)  | 32.8 (91.0)  | −47.2 (−53.0)
Calgary, AB[10] | YYC | 51°06′50″N 114°01′13″W﻿ / ﻿51.11389°N 114.02028°W﻿ / 51.11389; -114.02028﻿ (Calgary) | 1,084 m (3,556 ft)  | 17.6 (63.7)  | −44.4 (−47.9)  | 36.1 (97.0)  | −0.6 (30.9)  | 36.5 (97.7)  | −45.0 (−49.0)
Charlottetown, PE[11] | YYG | 46°17′19″N 063°07′43″W﻿ / ﻿46.28861°N 63.12861°W﻿ / 46.28861; -63.12861﻿ (Charlottetown) | 49 m (161 ft)  | 15.1 (59.2)  | −30.5 (−22.9)  | 33.9 (93.0)  | 3.3 (37.9)  | 34.4 (93.9)  | −30.5 (−22.9)
Churchill, MB[12][55] | YYQ | 58°44′21″N 094°03′59″W﻿ / ﻿58.73917°N 94.06639°W﻿ / 58.73917; -94.06639﻿ (Churchill) | 29 m (95 ft)  | 1.7 (35.1)  | −45.0 (−49.0)  | 34.0 (93.2)  | 1.1 (34.0)  | 36.9 (98.4)  | −45.4 (−49.7)
Corner Brook, NL[13] |   | 48°57′00″N 057°57′00″W﻿ / ﻿48.95000°N 57.95000°W﻿ / 48.95000; -57.95000﻿ (Corner Brook) | 5 m (16 ft)  | 16.5 (61.7)  | −31.7 (−25.1)  | 34.4 (93.9)  | 1.1 (34.0)  | 35.0 (95.0)  | −31.7 (−25.1)
Dawson City, YT[14] | YDA | 64°02′35″N 139°07′40″W﻿ / ﻿64.04306°N 139.12778°W﻿ / 64.04306; -139.12778﻿ (Dawson City) | 370 m (1,210 ft)  | 9.7 (49.5)  | −53.8 (−64.8)  | 33.5 (92.3)  | −2.0 (28.4)  | 34.7 (94.5)  | −55.8 (−68.4)
Edmonton, AB[15][55] | YXD | 53°34′24″N 113°31′06″W﻿ / ﻿53.57333°N 113.51833°W﻿ / 53.57333; -113.51833﻿ (Edmonton) | 671 m (2,201 ft)  | 13.8 (56.8)  | −49.4 (−56.9)  | 36.7 (98.1)  | −1.7 (28.9)  | 37.2 (99.0)  | −49.4 (−56.9)
Edmundston, NB[16] |   | 47°20′47″N 068°11′16″W﻿ / ﻿47.34639°N 68.18778°W﻿ / 47.34639; -68.18778﻿ (Edmundston) | 163 m (535 ft)  | 13.0 (55.4)  | −41.0 (−41.8)  | 36.0 (96.8)  | 2.0 (35.6)  | 36.0 (96.8)  | −41.0 (−41.8)
Fort Nelson, BC[17] | YYE | 58°50′11″N 122°35′50″W﻿ / ﻿58.83639°N 122.59722°W﻿ / 58.83639; -122.59722﻿ (Fort Nelson) | 382 m (1,253 ft)  | 10.7 (51.3)  | −51.7 (−61.1)  | 36.7 (98.1)  | 1.1 (34.0)  | 36.7 (98.1)  | −51.7 (−61.1)
Fredericton, NB[18] | YFC | 45°52′20″N 066°31′40″W﻿ / ﻿45.87222°N 66.52778°W﻿ / 45.87222; -66.52778﻿ (Fredericton) | 21 m (69 ft)  | 14.6 (58.3)  | −35.6 (−32.1)  | 36.7 (98.1)  | 1.7 (35.1)  | 37.2 (99.0)  | −37.2 (−35.0)
Halifax, NS[19] | YHZ | 44°52′48″N 063°30′00″W﻿ / ﻿44.88000°N 63.50000°W﻿ / 44.88000; -63.50000﻿ (Halifax) | 145 m (476 ft)  | 14.8 (58.6)  | −28.5 (−19.3)  | 33.9 (93.0)  | 6.1 (43.0)  | 35.0 (95.0)  | −28.5 (−19.3)
High Level, AB[20] | YOJ | 58°37′17″N 117°09′53″W﻿ / ﻿58.62139°N 117.16472°W﻿ / 58.62139; -117.16472﻿ (High Level) | 338 m (1,109 ft)  | 11.3 (52.3)  | −50.6 (−59.1)  | 34.4 (93.9)  | −0.2 (31.6)  | 35.2 (95.4)  | −50.6 (−59.1)
Inuvik, NT[21] | YEV | 68°18′15″N 133°28′58″W﻿ / ﻿68.30417°N 133.48278°W﻿ / 68.30417; -133.48278﻿ (Inuvik) | 68 m (223 ft)  | 5.4 (41.7)  | −54.4 (−65.9)  | 32.8 (91.0)  | −3.3 (26.1)  | 32.8 (91.0)  | −56.7 (−70.1)
Iqaluit, NU[22] | YFB | 63°45′00″N 068°33′00″W﻿ / ﻿63.75000°N 68.55000°W﻿ / 63.75000; -68.55000﻿ (Iqaluit) | 34 m (112 ft)  | 3.9 (39.0)  | −45.0 (−49.0)  | 26.1 (79.0)  | −2.8 (27.0)  | 26.1 (79.0)  | −45.6 (−50.1)
Kugluktuk, NU[24] | YCO | 67°49′00″N 115°08′38″W﻿ / ﻿67.81667°N 115.14389°W﻿ / 67.81667; -115.14389﻿ (Kugluktuk) | 23 m (75 ft)  | 0.8 (33.4)  | −47.3 (−53.1)  | 34.9 (94.8)  | −0.8 (30.6)  | 34.9 (94.8)  | −47.3 (−53.1)
La Ronge, SK[25] | YVC | 55°09′00″N 105°16′00″W﻿ / ﻿55.15000°N 105.26667°W﻿ / 55.15000; -105.26667﻿ (La Ronge) | 379 m (1,243 ft)  | 12.5 (54.5)  | −48.3 (−54.9)  | 35.5 (95.9)  | 1.1 (34.0)  | 36.1 (97.0)  | −48.3 (−54.9)
Mayo, YT[26] | YMA | 63°37′00″N 135°52′00″W﻿ / ﻿63.61667°N 135.86667°W﻿ / 63.61667; -135.86667﻿ (Mayo) | 504 m (1,654 ft)  | 10.1 (50.2)  | −58.3 (−72.9)  | 35.6 (96.1)  | −2.8 (27.0)  | 36.1 (97.0)  | −62.2 (−80.0)
Moncton, NB[27] | YQM | 46°06′19″N 064°41′02″W﻿ / ﻿46.10528°N 64.68389°W﻿ / 46.10528; -64.68389﻿ (Moncton) | 71 m (233 ft)  | 16.1 (61.0)  | −32.2 (−26.0)  | 35.6 (96.1)  | 1.2 (34.2)  | 37.2 (99.0)  | −32.2 (−26.0)
Montreal, QC[28] | YUL | 45°28′00″N 073°45′00″W﻿ / ﻿45.46667°N 73.75000°W﻿ / 45.46667; -73.75000﻿ (Montreal) | 36 m (118 ft)  | 13.9 (57.0)  | −37.8 (−36.0)  | 35.6 (96.1)  | 6.1 (43.0)  | 37.6 (99.7)  | −37.8 (−36.0)
Nain, NL[29] | YDP | 56°33′00″N 061°41′00″W﻿ / ﻿56.55000°N 61.68333°W﻿ / 56.55000; -61.68333﻿ (Nain) | 6 m (20 ft)  | 10.5 (50.9)  | −39.4 (−38.9)  | 33.3 (91.9)  | −2.8 (27.0)  | 33.3 (91.9)  | −41.5 (−42.7)
Norman Wells, NT[30] | YVQ | 65°16′57″N 126°48′01″W﻿ / ﻿65.28250°N 126.80028°W﻿ / 65.28250; -126.80028﻿ (Norman Wells) | 73 m (240 ft)  | 12.4 (54.3)  | −52.2 (−62.0)  | 35.0 (95.0)  | −1.1 (30.0)  | 35.0 (95.0)  | −54.4 (−65.9)
Ottawa, ON[31] | YOW | 45°19′21″N 075°40′09″W﻿ / ﻿45.32250°N 75.66917°W﻿ / 45.32250; -75.66917﻿ (Ottawa) | 114 m (374 ft)  | 12.9 (55.2)  | −35.6 (−32.1)  | 36.7 (98.1)  | 5.0 (41.0)  | 37.8 (100.0)  | −36.1 (−33.0)
Princeton, BC[32] | CYDC | 49°28′05″N 120°30′41″W﻿ / ﻿49.46806°N 120.51139°W﻿ / 49.46806; -120.51139﻿ (Princeton Airport) | 700 m (2,300 ft)  | 13.3 (55.9)  | −41.1 (−42.0)  | 41.7 (107.1)  | 0.0 (32.0)  | 41.7 (107.1)  | −42.8 (−45.0)
Quebec City, QC[33] | YQB | 46°48′00″N 071°23′00″W﻿ / ﻿46.80000°N 71.38333°W﻿ / 46.80000; -71.38333﻿ (Quebec City) | 74 m (243 ft)  | 10.0 (50.0)  | −35.4 (−31.7)  | 35.6 (96.1)  | 3.9 (39.0)  | 35.6 (96.1)  | −36.1 (−33.0)
Regina, SK[34] | YQR | 50°26′00″N 104°40′00″W﻿ / ﻿50.43333°N 104.66667°W﻿ / 50.43333; -104.66667﻿ (Regina) | 578 m (1,896 ft)  | 10.4 (50.7)  | −50.0 (−58.0)  | 43.3 (109.9)  | −2.2 (28.0)  | 43.3 (109.9)  | −50.0 (−58.0)
Resolute, NU[35] | YRB | 74°43′01″N 094°58′10″W﻿ / ﻿74.71694°N 94.96944°W﻿ / 74.71694; -94.96944﻿ (Resolute) | 68 m (223 ft)  | −0.8 (30.6)  | −52.2 (−62.0)  | 18.5 (65.3)  | −3.1 (26.4)  | 18.5 (65.3)  | −52.2 (−62.0)
Saskatoon, SK[36] | YXE | 52°10′00″N 106°43′00″W﻿ / ﻿52.16667°N 106.71667°W﻿ / 52.16667; -106.71667﻿ (Saskatoon) | 504 m (1,654 ft)  | 10.0 (50.0)  | −48.9 (−56.0)  | 40.6 (105.1)  | −3.3 (26.1)  | 40.6 (105.1)  | −50.0 (−58.0)
St. John's, NL[37] | YYT | 47°37′20″N 052°44′34″W﻿ / ﻿47.62222°N 52.74278°W﻿ / 47.62222; -52.74278﻿ (St. John's) | 141 m (463 ft)  | 15.7 (60.3)  | −23.3 (−9.9)  | 31.5 (88.7)  | −1.1 (30.0)  | 31.5 (88.7)  | −23.8 (−10.8)
Summerside, PE[38] | YSU | 46°26′20″N 063°49′54″W﻿ / ﻿46.43889°N 63.83167°W﻿ / 46.43889; -63.83167﻿ (Summerside) | 20 m (66 ft)  | 12.1 (53.8)  | −29.9 (−21.8)  | 33.3 (91.9)  | 6.7 (44.1)  | 33.3 (91.9)  | −29.9 (−21.8)
Sydney, NS[39] | YQY | 46°10′00″N 060°02′53″W﻿ / ﻿46.16667°N 60.04806°W﻿ / 46.16667; -60.04806﻿ (Sydney) | 62 m (203 ft)  | 16.9 (62.4)  | −26.2 (−15.2)  | 33.9 (93.0)  | 2.2 (36.0)  | 35.5 (95.9)  | −27.3 (−17.1)
Thompson, MB[40] | YTH | 55°48′12″N 097°51′45″W﻿ / ﻿55.80333°N 97.86250°W﻿ / 55.80333; -97.86250﻿ (Thompson) | 224 m (735 ft)  | 8.1 (46.6)  | −48.9 (−56.0)  | 35.9 (96.6)  | −1.1 (30.0)  | 37.4 (99.3)  | −48.9 (−56.0)
Timmins, ON[41] | YTS | 48°34′11″N 081°22′36″W﻿ / ﻿48.56972°N 81.37667°W﻿ / 48.56972; -81.37667﻿ (Timmins) | 295 m (968 ft)  | 7.6 (45.7)  | −44.2 (−47.6)  | 38.9 (102.0)  | −0.5 (31.1)  | 38.9 (102.0)  | −45.6 (−50.1)
Toronto, ON[42] | YYZ | 43°40′38″N 079°37′50″W﻿ / ﻿43.67722°N 79.63056°W﻿ / 43.67722; -79.63056﻿ (Toronto) | 173 m (568 ft)  | 17.6 (63.7)  | −31.3 (−24.3)  | 37.6 (99.7)  | 3.9 (39.0)  | 38.3 (100.9)  | −31.3 (−24.3)
Vancouver, BC[43] | YVR | 49°11′42″N 123°10′55″W﻿ / ﻿49.19500°N 123.18194°W﻿ / 49.19500; -123.18194﻿ (Vancouver) | 4 m (13 ft)  | 15.3 (59.5)  | −17.8 (0.0)  | 34.4 (93.9)  | 6.7 (44.1)  | 34.4 (93.9)  | −17.8 (0.0)
Victoria, BC[44] | YYJ | 48°38′50″N 123°25′33″W﻿ / ﻿48.64722°N 123.42583°W﻿ / 48.64722; -123.42583﻿ (Victoria) | 20 m (66 ft)  | 16.1 (61.0)  | −15.6 (3.9)  | 36.3 (97.3)  | 4.1 (39.4)  | 36.3 (97.3)  | −15.6 (3.9)
Whitehorse, YT[45] | YXY | 60°42′34″N 135°04′08″W﻿ / ﻿60.70944°N 135.06889°W﻿ / 60.70944; -135.06889﻿ (Whitehorse) | 706 m (2,316 ft)  | 9.0 (48.2)  | −52.2 (−62.0)  | 32.8 (91.0)  | −0.5 (31.1)  | 34.4 (93.9)  | −52.2 (−62.0)
Windsor, ON[46] | YQG | 42°16′32″N 82°57′20″W﻿ / ﻿42.27556°N 82.95556°W﻿ / 42.27556; -82.95556﻿ (Windsor) | 190 m (620 ft)  | 17.8 (64.0)  | −29.1 (−20.4)  | 38.3 (100.9)  | 5.6 (42.1)  | 40.2 (104.4)  | −29.1 (−20.4)
Winnipeg, MB[47] | YWG | 49°55′00″N 097°14′00″W﻿ / ﻿49.91667°N 97.23333°W﻿ / 49.91667; -97.23333﻿ (Winnipeg) | 239 m (784 ft)  | 7.8 (46.0)  | −42.2 (−44.0)  | 37.8 (100.0)  | 1.1 (34.0)  | 40.6 (105.1)  | −45.0 (−49.0)
Yarmouth, NS[48] | YQI | 43°49′51″N 066°05′19″W﻿ / ﻿43.83083°N 66.08861°W﻿ / 43.83083; -66.08861﻿ (Yarmouth) | 43 m (141 ft)  | 14.0 (57.2)  | −21.3 (−6.3)  | 30.0 (86.0)  | 5.8 (42.4)  | 30.3 (86.5)  | −23.6 (−10.5)
Yellowknife, NT[49] | YZF | 62°27′46″N 114°26′25″W﻿ / ﻿62.46278°N 114.44028°W﻿ / 62.46278; -114.44028﻿ (Yellowknife) | 206 m (676 ft)  | 3.4 (38.1)  | −51.2 (−60.2)  | 32.5 (90.5)  | 0.6 (33.1)  | 32.5 (90.5)  | −51.2 (−60.2)

## Climate change

[edit]

Main article: Climate change in Canada

Among countries that emit high levels of greenhouse gas, Canada is among the highest per person emitters.[56]

Climate change is greatly impacting Canada's environment and landscapes. Extreme weather has become more frequent and severe because of the continued release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The number of climate change–related events, such as the 2021 British Columbia Floods and an increasing number of forest fires, has become an increasing concern over time.[57] Canada's annual average temperature over land warmed by 1.7 °C (3.1 °F) between 1948 and 2016. The rate of warming is highest in Canada's north, the Prairies, and northern British Columbia. The country's precipitation has increased in recent years and wildfires expanded from seasonal events to year-round threats.

Canada is proposing to lead on climate – but it's doubling down on oil.[58] As of 2022[update] Canada was the world's 11th highest emitter of carbon dioxide (CO2)[59][60] and as of 2021 the 7th highest emitter of greenhouse gases.[61] Canada has a long history of producing industrial emissions going back to the late 19th century. In 2022 transport, oil and gas extraction, and fugitive emissions together emitted 82% of the country's total emissions.[62] From 1990 to 2022, GHG emissions from conventional oil production increased by 24%, those from multi-stage fracturing techniques increased by 56%, and emissions from oil sands production increased by 467%.[63]

Canada committed to reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 30% below 2005 levels by 2030 under the Paris Agreement. In July 2021, Canada enhanced the Paris Agreement plans with a new goal of reducing emissions by 40–45% below 2005 levels by 2030,[64] enacting the Canadian Net-Zero Emissions Accountability Act.[62] In 2019, the House of Commons voted to declare a national climate emergency in Canada.[65] Several climate change mitigation policies have been implemented in the country, such as carbon pricing, emissions trading and climate change funding programs.

## Maps

[edit]

Weather Stations locations in Canada.

Alberton

YLT

YBC

YBK

YYC

YYG

YYQ

Corner Brook

YDA

YXD

YES

YYE

YFC

YHZ

YOJ

YEV

YFB

YCO

YVC

YMA

YQM

YUL

YDP

YVQ

YOW

YQB

YQG

YQR

YRB

YXE

YYT

YSU

YQY

YTH

YTS

YYZ

YVR

YYJ

YXY

YWG

YQI

YZF

YKA

class=notpageimage|

Weather Stations

## Notes

[edit]

* Bailey, William G; Oke, T.R.; Rouse, Wayne R (1997). The surface climates of Canada. McGill−Queen's University Press. ISBN 0-7735-1672-7.
* Bernstein, Steven (2008), A globally integrated climate policy for Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-0-8020-9878-8
* Coward, Harold G; Weaver, Andrew John (2007), Hard choices: climate change in Canada, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, ISBN 978-0-88920-442-3
* French, Hugh M; Slaymaker, Olav (1993), Canada's Cold Environments, McGill−Queen's University Press, ISBN 0-7735-0925-9
* Jaccard, Mark; Simpson, Jeffrey; Nic, Rivers (2008), Hot Air: Meeting Canada's Climate Change Challenge, Emblem/McClelland & Stewart, ISBN 9780771080975
* Smit, Barry; Wall, Shirley Ellen; Wandel, Johanna (2007), Farming in a changing climate: agricultural adaptation in Canada, UBC Press, ISBN 978-0-7748-1393-8

## See also

[edit]

* Weather portal
* Climate change portal
* Canada portal

* List of extreme temperatures in Canada
* Weather extremes in Canada
* List of cities by average temperature

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Statistics, Regina SK". The Weather Network. Archived from the original on January 5, 2009. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
2. ^ "Regina International Airport". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. September 25, 2013. Archived from the original on May 18, 2015. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
3. ^ Bush, E; Lemmen, D.S. (2019). "Canada's Changing Climate Report" (PDF). Government of Canada. p. 84.
4. ^ a b Zhang, X.; Flato, G.; Kirchmeier-Young, M.; et al. (2019). Bush, E.; Lemmen, D.S. (eds.). "Changes in Temperature and Precipitation Across Canada]; Chapter 4" (PDF). Canada's Changing Climate Report. Government of Canada. pp. 112–193.
5. ^ Boyd, David R (2011). Unnatural Law: Rethinking Canadian Environmental Law and Policy. UBC Press. pp. 67–69\. ISBN 978-0-7748-4063-7.
6. ^ "What You Need to Know About Winter Weather on the "Coq"". TranBC. Retrieved 2019-01-16.
7. ^ a b "Alberton". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
8. ^ "1981 to 2010 Canadian Climate Normals station data". Environment and Climate Change Canada. Government of Canada. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
9. ^ a b "Baie-Comeau A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
10. ^ a b "Calgary Int'l A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
11. ^ a b "Charlottetown A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
12. ^ a b "Churchill A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
13. ^ a b "Corner Brook". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
14. ^ a b "Dawson City A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
15. ^ a b "Edmonton City Centre A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
16. ^ a b "Edmundston". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
17. ^ a b "Fort Nelson A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
18. ^ a b "Fredericton A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
19. ^ a b "Halifax Stanfield Int'l A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
20. ^ a b "High Level A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
21. ^ a b "Inuvik A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
22. ^ a b "Iqaluit A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
23. ^ "Kamloops A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2018-12-05.
24. ^ a b "Kugluktuk A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
25. ^ a b "La Ronge A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
26. ^ a b "Mayo A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
27. ^ a b "Moncton A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
28. ^ a b "Montreal/Pierre Elliott Trudeau Intl A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
29. ^ a b "Nain A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
30. ^ a b "Norman Wells A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
31. ^ a b "OttawaMacdonald-Cartier Int'l A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
32. ^ a b "Princeton A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2018-01-15.
33. ^ a b "Quebec City/Jean Lesage Intl A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
34. ^ a b "Regina Int'l A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
35. ^ a b "Resolute CARS". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
36. ^ a b "Saskatoon Diefenbaker Int'l A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
37. ^ a b "St. John's A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
38. ^ a b "Summerside A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
39. ^ a b "Sydney A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
40. ^ a b "Thompson A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
41. ^ a b "Timmins Victor Power A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
42. ^ a b "Toronto Lester B. Pearson Int'l A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
43. ^ a b "Vancouver Int'l A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
44. ^ a b "Victoria Int'l A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
45. ^ a b "Whitehorse A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
46. ^ a b "Windsor A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2018-05-04.
47. ^ a b "Winnipeg Richardson Int'l A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
48. ^ a b "Yarmouth A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
49. ^ a b "Yellowknife A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved 2015-05-12.
50. ^ "National Climate Data and Information Archive". Environment and Climate Change Canada. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
51. ^ a b "Weather records". www.statcan.gc.ca. Government of Canada. 1999. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2016.
52. ^ a b "Lytton B.C. sets all-time Canadian heat record for third day in a row". Global News. June 29, 2021. Retrieved June 29, 2021.
53. ^ a b "Daily Data Report for October 1943 - Roadene, Saskatchewan". 20 March 2025. Retrieved 5 April 2025.
54. ^ "Alert A" (CSV (4222 KB)). Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Climate ID: 2400300. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
55. ^ a b c "Climate Data Almanac Index of /pub/Normals/". Climate Data Almanac. Environment and Climate Change Canada. Archived from the original on 2020-07-14. Retrieved March 26, 2016.
56. ^ ● Emissions data source: "Territorial (MtCO₂) / 1) Emissions / Carbon emissions / Chart View". Global Carbon Atlas. 2024. (archive on Our World in Data)
● Country population data source: "Population, total / All Countries and Economies / Most Recent Value (Thousands)". World Bank. 2024. Archived from the original on 22 January 2025.
57. ^ Rosano, Michela (July 26, 2018). "Photos: How climate change is transforming Canada". Canadian Geographic. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
58. ^ Cecco, Leyland (2024-07-25). "Canada is proposing to lead on climate – but it's doubling down on oil". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2025-04-17.
59. ^ Blokhin, Andriy (July 26, 2024). "The 5 Countries That Produce the Most Carbon Dioxide (CO2)". Investopedia. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
60. ^ "| Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions |". Climate Watch. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
61. ^ "Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data". di.unfccc.int. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved 2020-11-25.
62. ^ a b "Greenhouse gas sources and sinks in Canada: executive summary 2024". Government of Canada. 13 October 2015. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
63. ^ Environment and Climate Change Canada (9 January 2007). "Greenhouse gas emissions". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2 August 2024.
64. ^ Canada, Environment and Climate Change (2021-07-12). "Government of Canada confirms ambitious new greenhouse gas emissions reduction target". www.canada.ca. Archived from the original on April 26, 2022. Retrieved 2022-04-26.
65. ^ "Vote Detail - 1366 - Members of Parliament - House of Commons of Canada". Our Commons. Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 6 February 2025.

## External links

[edit]

* Current surface temperatures in Canada.