Ternopil

City and administrative center of Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine

"Tarnopol" redirects here. For the unincorporated community in Canada, see Tarnopol, Saskatchewan.

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City in Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine

Ternopil

Тернопіль

City

* Clockwise, top to bottom: Ternopil Castle as seen from the lake
* Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception
* Roman Catholic chapel on Mykulyntsi cemetery
* Church of the Exaltation of Holy Cross
* Valova Street
* Theatre Square

Flag

Coat of arms

Brandmark

Ternopil

Location within Ukraine

Show map of Ukraine

Ternopil

Ternopil (Ternopil Oblast)

Show map of Ternopil Oblast

Coordinates: 49°34′N 25°36′E﻿ / ﻿49.567°N 25.600°E﻿ / 49.567; 25.600
Country|  Ukraine
Oblast| Ternopil Oblast
Raion| Ternopil Raion
Hromada| Ternopil urban hromada
Founded| 1540 (485 years ago)
Government

• Mayor| Serhiy Nadal[1] (Svoboda)
Area

• Total

| 86 km2 (33.2 sq mi)
Elevation

(mean)

| 320 m (1,050 ft)
Population

(2022)[2]

• Total

| 225,004
• Density| 2,600/km2 (6,800/sq mi)
Time zone| UTC+2 (CET)
• Summer (DST)| UTC+3 (CEST)
Area code| +380 352
Website| rada.te.ua/en

Ternopil,[a] known until 1944 mostly as Tarnopol, is a city in western Ukraine, located on the banks of the Seret River. Ternopil is one of the major cities of Western Ukraine and the historical regions of Galicia and Podolia. The population of Ternopil was estimated at 225,004 (2022 estimate).[2]

The city is the administrative center of Ternopil Oblast (region), as well as of surrounding Ternopil Raion (district) within the oblast. It hosts the administration of Ternopil urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[3]

## History

[edit]

Main article: History of Ternopil

Jan Amor Tarnowski, founder of Tarnopol

The city was founded in 1540 by Polish commander and Hetman Jan Amor Tarnowski.[4] Its Polish name, Tarnopol, means 'Tarnowski's city' and stems from a combination of the founder's family name and the Greek term polis.[5][6] The city served as a military stronghold and castle[4] protecting the eastern borders of Polish Kingdom from Tatar raids. On 15 April 1540,[4] the King of Poland, Sigismund I the Old,[4] in Kraków gave Tarnowski permission to establish Tarnopol,[4] near Sopilcze (Sopilche).[4] In 1570, the city passed to the Ostrogski family,[4] and in 1623 to the Zamoyski family.[4] During the Khmelnytsky Uprising, many residents of the city joined the ranks of the Cossack forces.[7] During the 1672–1676 Polish–Ottoman War, Tarnopol was almost completely destroyed by Turkish forces of Ibrahim Shishman Pasha in 1675, then rebuilt by Aleksander Koniecpolski.[7]

In 1772, after the First Partition of Poland, the city came under Austrian rule. In 1809, after the War of the Fifth Coalition, the city came under Russian rule, incorporated into the newly created Ternopol krai [uk], but in 1815 returned to Austrian rule in accordance with the Congress of Vienna. In 1870 Tarnopol was connected by railway with Lemberg.

During World War I, the city passed from German and Austro-Hungarian forces to Russia several times. In 1917, the city and its castle were burned down by fleeing Russian forces.[4] After the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the city was proclaimed as part of the West Ukrainian People's Republic on 11 November 1918. After Polish forces captured Lwów during the Polish-Ukrainian War, Tarnopol became the country's temporary capital.[8] After the act of union between the West Ukrainian Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic, Ternopil formally became part of the UPR. On 15 July 1919, the city was captured.[8] by Polish forces. In July and August 1920, the Red Army captured Ternopil in the course of the Polish-Soviet War, and the city served as the capital of the short-lived Galician Soviet Socialist Republic. Under the terms of the Riga treaty, the area remained under Polish control.

The Church of St. Mary of the Perpetual Assistance was demolished after World War II.

As a consequence of the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, Ternopil was incorporated into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic as part of Ternopol Oblast.

On 2 July 1941, the city was occupied by the Nazis. Between then and July 1943, 10,000 Jews were killed by Nazi Germans with the help of ukrainian militia,[9] and another 6,000 were rounded up and sent to Belzec extermination camp. A few hundred others went to labor camps. During most of this time Jews lived in the Tarnopol Ghetto.[10][11] Many Ukrainians were sent as forced labour to Germany. Following the act of restoration of the Ukrainian state, proclaimed by the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists in Lviv on 30 June 1941, the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) was active in the Ternopil region and battled for the independence of Ukraine, opposing the Polish underground Armia Krajowa and People's Army of Poland as well as the Nazis and the Soviets. In 1942 the Germans operated the Stalag 323 prisoner-of-war camp for French POWs in the city.[12] During the Soviet offensive in March and April 1944, the city was almost completely destroyed by Soviet artillery.[13] It was occupied by the Red Army on 15 April 1944. After the second Soviet occupation, 85% of the city's living quarters were destroyed.[4]

Following the Potsdam Conference in 1945, Poland's borders were redrawn and Ternopil was incorporated into the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union. The ethnic Polish population of the area was forcibly deported to postwar Poland.[14] In the following decades, Ternopil was rebuilt in a typical Soviet style and only a few buildings were reconstructed.

Following the fall of the Soviet Union, Ternopil became part of independent Ukraine, as a city of regional significance. On 31 December 2013, the 11th Artillery Brigade, the descendant of artillery units that had been based in the city since 1949, was disbanded.[15] In 2020, as part of the administrative reform in Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Ternopil Oblast to three, the city was merged into Ternopil Raion.[16][17]

During the Russo-Ukrainian War, Ternopil was struck by Russian missiles on 13 May 2023, minutes before Ternopil natives Tvorchi performed at the Eurovision Song Contest 2023.[18]

## Geography

[edit]

### Climate

[edit]

Ternopil has a moderate continental climate with cold winters and warm summers.

Climate data for Ternopil (1991–2020, extremes 1949–present)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 13.9
(57.0)  | 17.3
(63.1)  | 25.0
(77.0)  | 30.0
(86.0)  | 30.2
(86.4)  | 37.8
(100.0)  | 38.4
(101.1)  | 36.1
(97.0)  | 32.1
(89.8)  | 25.7
(78.3)  | 19.9
(67.8)  | 13.9
(57.0)  | 38.4
(101.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | −1.1
(30.0)  | 0.6
(33.1)  | 5.9
(42.6)  | 14.0
(57.2)  | 19.6
(67.3)  | 22.6
(72.7)  | 24.7
(76.5)  | 24.5
(76.1)  | 19.0
(66.2)  | 12.6
(54.7)  | 5.5
(41.9)  | 0.3
(32.5)  | 12.4
(54.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | −3.6
(25.5)  | −2.4
(27.7)  | 1.9
(35.4)  | 8.7
(47.7)  | 14.2
(57.6)  | 17.5
(63.5)  | 19.2
(66.6)  | 18.7
(65.7)  | 13.5
(56.3)  | 8.0
(46.4)  | 2.6
(36.7)  | −2.2
(28.0)  | 8.0
(46.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | −6.1
(21.0)  | −5.2
(22.6)  | −1.6
(29.1)  | 3.8
(38.8)  | 8.9
(48.0)  | 12.3
(54.1)  | 13.9
(57.0)  | 13.1
(55.6)  | 8.7
(47.7)  | 4.2
(39.6)  | 0.0
(32.0)  | −4.6
(23.7)  | 4.0
(39.2)
Record low °C (°F)  | −31.6
(−24.9)  | −31.0
(−23.8)  | −23.9
(−11.0)  | −6.1
(21.0)  | −2.2
(28.0)  | −1.7
(28.9)  | 4.0
(39.2)  | 3.6
(38.5)  | −4.0
(24.8)  | −10.5
(13.1)  | −18.0
(−0.4)  | −27.0
(−16.6)  | −31.6
(−24.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches)  | 28
(1.1)  | 30
(1.2)  | 34
(1.3)  | 37
(1.5)  | 64
(2.5)  | 75
(3.0)  | 84
(3.3)  | 62
(2.4)  | 57
(2.2)  | 39
(1.5)  | 34
(1.3)  | 35
(1.4)  | 579
(22.8)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.9  | 7.9  | 7.9  | 7.6  | 9.7  | 9.6  | 9.8  | 7.7  | 7.4  | 7.3  | 7.2  | 8.9  | 98.9
Average relative humidity (%)  | 85.7  | 83.5  | 77.7  | 68.8  | 69.1  | 72.2  | 72.8  | 71.7  | 76.2  | 80.5  | 86.6  | 87.0  | 77.7
Source 1: NOAA[19]
Source 2: Climatebase.ru (extremes)[20]

## Demographics

[edit]

School No. 5 (former girls' school of St. Jadwiga in Ternopil Historical populationYear| Pop.| ±%

|
|

1939| 50,000| —
1959| 52,245| +4.5%
1970| 84,663| +62.0%
1979| 143,625| +69.6%
1989| 204,845| +42.6%
2001| 227,755| +11.2%
2011| 217,446| −4.5%
2022| 225,004| +3.5%
Source: [21]

According to the 2001 Ukrainian census, Ternopil city and Ternopil Oblast are homogeneously populated by ethnic Ukrainians. Both Ternopil city and Ternopil Oblast are also homogeneously Ukrainian-speaking.[22]

National breakdown of Ternopil Oblast (total population 1,138,500):

* Ukrainians: 1,113,500 (97.8%)
* Russians: 14,250 (1.2%)
* Poles: 3,800 (0.3%)

Native languages in Ternopil:

* Ukrainian language: 94.8%
* Russian language: 3.37%
* Belarusian language: 0.07%
* Polish language: 0.04%

According to a survey conducted by the International Republican Institute in 2023, 98% of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home and 1% spoke Russian.[23][full citation needed]

## Economy

[edit]

Ternopil railway station

Ternopil is a centre for the light industry, food industry, radio-electronic and construction industries. In the Soviet and early post-Soviet period, a harvester plant and a porcelain factory operated in the city.

## Transport

[edit]

Ternopil is an important railway hub with connections to most major railway stations of Ukraine. The city lies on the M12 international highway connecting western and central regions of Ukraine. Trolleybus lines and a bus station are active in the city. Water transport operates on Ternopil artificial lake mostly for tourist purposes. An airport was opened for civilian traffic in 1985, but ceased commercial operations in 2010.

## Higher education

[edit]

Teachers of Ternopil State Medical University.

Universities include:

* West Ukrainian National University
* Ternopil Ivan Pul'uj National Technical University
* Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatyuk National Pedagogical University
* Ternopil State Medical University

## Main sights

[edit]

Ternopil Drama Theater

* Ternopil Regional Art Museum
* Ternopil Drama Theater
* Church of the Exaltation of the Cross, Ternopil
* Ukrainian Greek Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of The Blessed Virgin Mary
* The sanctuary of Our Lady of Zarvanytsia with a miraculous icon of the 13th century called icon of the Mother of God of Zarvanytsia, sanctuary of Greek-Catholic rite. Located about 40 km from Ternopil, celebrated on 22 July.

## Notable people

[edit]

Franciszek Kleeberg

See also: List of honorary citizens of Ternopil

* Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz (1890–1963), Polish philosopher and logician, researched model theory
* Henryk Baranowski (1943–2013), Polish theatre, opera and film director, actor, playwright and poet
* Vasyl Barvinsky (1888–1963), Ukrainian composer, pianist, conductor and musicologist
* Eugeniusz Baziak (1890–1962), Archbishop of Lviv and apostolic administrator of Kraków.
* Natalia Buchynska (born 1977), singer, brought up in Ternopil.
* Mykola Bychok (born 1980), Ukrainian Greek Catholic cardinal and bishop
* Vitaly Derekh (1987–2022), Ukrainian journalist and soldier
* Mariia Dilai (born 1980), Ukrainian artist, designer, and social activist
* Alexandre Eremenko (born 1954), Ukrainian-American mathematician
* Daria Chubata (born 1940), Ukrainian physician, author and social activist
* Mykola Chubatyi (1889-1975),[24] historian of Ukrainian Church
* Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski (1885–1940), aristocratic Polish landowner and Katyn massacre victim
* Charlotte Eisler (1894-1970), Austrian singer and pianist with the Second Viennese School
* Kornel Filipowicz (1913–1990), Polish novelist, poet, screenwriter and short story writer
* Franciszek Kleeberg (1888–1941), Polish general in the Austro-Hungarian Army
* Bohdan Levkiv (1950–2021), Ukrainian politician and mayor of Ternopil from 2002 to 2006
* Oleh Loshniv (1887–1934), Ukrainian painter, graphic artist and educator
* Pepi Litman (1874–1930), cross-dressing female Yiddish vaudeville singer
* Kazimierz Michałowski,[4] (1901–1981), Polish archaeologist, Egyptologist and art historian
* Serhiy Nadal (born 1975), Ukrainian politician and mayor of Ternopil since 2010
* Yuriy Oliynyk (1931–2021), Ukrainian composer, concert pianist and professor of music in the United States

Yaroslav Stetsko

* Jakub Karol Parnas (1884–1949), biochemist, born in Ternopil
* Joseph Perl,[4] (1773–1839), Ashkenazi Jewish educator and writer, a scion of the Haskalah
* Simhah Pinsker (1801–1864), Polish-Jewish scholar and archeologist
* Antoni Reichenberg (1825–1903), Polish priest, Jesuit, and artist
* Rudolf Pöch (1870–1921), doctor and anthropologist; pioneer photographer and cinematographer
* Roza Pomerantz-Meltzer (1880–1934), Polish writer and novelist based in Lviv and politician
* Solomon Judah Loeb Rapoport (1786–1867), a Galician and Czech rabbi and Jewish scholar
* Karol Rathaus (1895—1954), Polish-Austrian-American modernist composer
* Eduard Romanyuta (born 1992), Ukrainian singer, songwriter, actor and TV presenter
* Baron Lajos Simonyi de Barbács et Vitézvár (1824–1894), Hungarian politician
* Ruslan Stefanchuk (born 1975), Ukrainian politician, party chairman and lawyer
* Yaroslav Stetsko (1912–1986), leader of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) from 1968
* Oleh Syrotyuk (born 1978), Ukrainian politician, Governor of Ternopil Oblast in 2014
* Jan Tarnowski (1488-1561), Polish general and nobleman, founder of Ternopil (as Tarnopol).[25]
* Judd L. Teller (1912–1972), Jewish author, social historian and poet; emigrated to the United States in 1921
* Tvorchi, electronic music duo that represented Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2023
* Baroness Adelma Vay (1840–1925), medium and pioneer of spiritualism in Slovenia and Hungary

### Sport

[edit]

* Olga Babiy (born 1989), Ukrainian chess player and Woman Grandmaster
* Petr Badlo (born 1976), Ukrainian football manager and former footballer with 470 club caps
* Olha Maslivets (born 1978), Russian windsurfer who competed at four Summer Olympics
* Ihor Semenyna (born 1989), Ukrainian football midfielder with 330 club caps

### People from Ternopil Oblast

[edit]

Solomiya Krushelnytska

* Aleksander Brückner,[4] (1856 in Berezhany – 1939), Polish scholar of Slavic languages and literature
* Volodymyr Hnatiuk (1871 in Velesniv, Buchach – 1926), Ukrainian writer, literary scholar, journalist and ethnographer
* Bohdan Lepky (1872-1941), Ukrainian writer, poet and artist
* Ivan Horbachevsky (1854-1942), Ukrainian chemist and politician active in Austria-Hungary, Minister of Healthcare of Cisleithania
* Josyf Slipyj (1892-1984), Ukrainian Greek Catholic priest, Metropolitan of Lviv and Halych
* Solomiya Krushelnytska (1872 in Biliavyntsi — 1952), Ukrainian soprano
* Bohdan Lepky (1872 in Krehulets – 1941), Ukrainian writer, poet, scholar, public figure, and artist
* Ivan Pului (1845 in Hrymailiv – 1918), physicist and inventor, developed use of X-rays for medical imaging
* Casimir Zeglen (1869 near Tarnopol - 1927), Polish-American engineer, inventor of commercial bulletproof vest
* Methodius (Kudriakov) (1949-2015), metropolitan of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church.
* Serhiy Prytula (born 1981 in Zbarazh), Ukrainian TV show host, political activist, founder of Charity Foundation of Serhiy Prytula[citation needed]
* Volodymyr Chornobay (born 1954), Ukrainian artist
* Karolina Shiino (born 1997), Japanese model and disgraced winner of the 2024 Miss Nippon pageant

### Lived in Ternopil

[edit]

* Sofia Yablonska (1907-1971), Ukrainian-French travel writer, photographer and architect
* Les Kurbas (1887-1937), Ukrainian theatre director and actor, founder of the first Ukrainian theatre in Ternopil

## International relations

[edit]

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine

Mayor of Ternopil awarded with a Council of Europe flag by a PACE member during a ceremony in 2014

Ternopil is twinned with:

* Erftstadt, Germany since 2023 [26]
* Sliven, Bulgaria
* Yonkers, United States (since 1991)[27]
* Elbląg in Poland (since 1992)[28][29]
* Chorzów, Poland
* Prudentopolis, Brazil
* Batumi, Georgia[30]

Former twin towns include:

* Tarnów in Poland
* Pinsk in Belarus

### Stadium naming controversy

[edit]

City stadium of Ternopil

In 2021, Ternopil created international outrage, especially in the Jewish community, by deciding to name a city stadium in honor of Nazi collaborator Roman Shukhevych.[31] Shukhevych was the military leader of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army during World War II and was known for his collaboration with the Nazi regime[32][33] as well as his responsibility for the massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia. As a result, the City Council of Tarnów decided to suspend its partnership with Ternopil.[34]

Joel Lion, the Israeli Ambassador to Ukraine, expressed Israel’s strong objection to the city's choice to name the stadium in honor of Roman Shukhevych. Lion wrote, "We strongly condemn the decision of Ternopil city council to name the City Stadium after the infamous Hauptman (Captain) of the SS 201st Schutzmannschaft Roman Shukhevych and demand the immediate cancellation of this decision".[33][35]

The Eastern Europe Director of the Simon Wiesenthal Center, Efraim Zuroff wrote, "It is fully understandable that Ternopil seeks to honor those who fought against Soviet Communism, but not those behind the mass murder of innocent fellow citizens." in a statement attempting to convince Ternopil to reconsider the "renaming of its stadium in honor of Nazi collaborator, Hauptmann of the SS Schutzmannschaft 201, Roman Shukhevych, an active participant in the mass murder of Jews and Poles in World War II."[36]

### Russo-Ukrainian War

[edit]

In June 2022, due to the full-scale Russian invasion and missile strikes from the territory of Belarus, Ternopil suspended its partnership with the city of Pinsk.

## Festivals

[edit]

An international open-air music festival called Faine Misto [uk] has been held annually near Ternopil for 2–4 days in July since 2013.[37][38]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Ukrainian: Тернопіль, IPA: [terˈnɔpilʲ] ⓘ; Polish: Tarnopol; Yiddish: טארנאפאל, romanized: Tarnapol; Hebrew: טרנופול, romanized: Tarnopol; German: Tannstadt.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Мер Тернополя продає побачення з собою". Ukrainska Pravda (in Ukrainian). 28 December 2011. Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
2. ^ a b Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
3. ^ "Тернопольская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "П ять століть Тарнополя. Місто гетьмана Яна і муляра Леонтія — Новини Укрінформ". Archived from the original on 13 October 2015. Retrieved 29 August 2015.`{{cite web}}`: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
5. ^ Olszański, Tadeusz A. (2013). "Kresy Zachodnie. Miejsce Galicji Wschodniej i Wołynia w państwie ukraińskim" (PDF). Prace OSW (in Polish). Centre for Eastern Studies. pp. 25–26.
6. ^ Karpluk, Maria (1993). Mowa naszych przodków: podstawowe wiadomości z historii języka polskiego do końca XVIII w (in Polish). TMJP. p. 46.
7. ^ a b "Виникнення і розвиток міста Тернопіль" [Establishment and development of the Ternopil city]. ukrssr.com.ua (in Ukrainian). 27 March 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2023.
8. ^ a b The Jewish and German population accepted the new Ukrainian state, but the Poles started a military campaign against the Ukrainian authority [...] On November 11, 1918 following bloody fighting, the Polish forces captured Lwów. The government of the WUPR moved to Ternopol and from the end of December the Council and the Government of the WUPR were located in Stanislaviv.
(in Ukrainian) West Ukrainian People's Republic in the "Dovidnyk z istoriï Ukraïny" (A hand-book on the History of Ukraine), 3-Volumes, Kyiv, 1993–1999, ISBN 5-7707-5190-8 (t. 1), ISBN 5-7707-8552-7 (t. 2), ISBN 966-504-237-8 (t. 3).
9. ^ "Tarnopol". Holocaust Historical Society. Retrieved 1 May 2025.
10. ^ Robert Kuwałek; Eugeniusz Riadczenko; Adam Dylewski; Justyna Filochowska; Michał Czajka (2015). "Tarnopol". Historia – Społeczność żydowska przed 1989 (in Polish). Virtual Shtetl (Wirtualny Sztetl). pp. 3–4 of 5. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
11. ^ Megargee, Geoffrey (2012). Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos. Bloomington, Indiana: University of Indiana Press. p. Volume II, 838-389. ISBN 978-0-253-35599-7.
12. ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 313\. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
13. ^ Frieser, Karl-Heinz; Schmider, Klaus; Schönherr, Klaus; Schreiber, Gerhard; Ungváry, Kristián; Wegner, Bernd (2007). Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg: Die Ostfront 1943/44 – Der Krieg im Osten und an den Nebenfronten [Germany and the Second World War: The Eastern Front 1943–1944 – The War in the East and on the Neighbouring Fronts] (in German). Vol. VIII. München: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. ISBN 978-3-421-06235-2.
14. ^ Włodzimierz Borodziej; Ingo Eser; Stanisław Jankowiak; Jerzy Kochanowski; Claudia Kraft; Witold Stankowski; Katrin Steffen (1999). Stanisław Ciesielski (ed.). Przesiedlenie ludności polskiej z Kresów Wschodnich do Polski 1944–1947 [Resettlement of Poles from Kresy 1944–1947] (in Polish). Warsaw: Neriton. pp. 29, 50, 468. ISBN 83-86842-56-3.
15. ^ Влада Тернополя наполягає на відновленні військових частин на Західній Україні [Ternopil authorities insist on restoration of military units in western Ukraine]. Ukrainian Independent Information Agency (in Ukrainian). 16 April 2014. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
16. ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 18 July 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
17. ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України. 17 July 2020.
18. ^ "Ukraine Eurovision act's city Ternopil attacked before performance". BBC News. 13 May 2023. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
19. ^ "Ternopil Climate Normals 1991–2020" (CSV). World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Centers for Environmental Information. Archived from the original (CSV) on 22 April 2025. Retrieved 22 April 2025.
20. ^ "Ternopil, Ukraine Climate Data". Climatebase. Retrieved 21 January 2013.
21. ^ "Cities & Towns of Ukraine".
22. ^ "2001 | English version | Results | General results of the census | National composition of population". Archived from the original on 17 December 2011.
23. ^ "Восьме всеукраїнське муніципальне опитування" (PDF). ratinggroup.ua (in Ukrainian). International Republican Institute. April–May 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
24. ^ Padokh, Yaroslav (2001). "Chubaty, Mykola". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
25. ^ Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Tarnowski, Jan" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). pp. 429–430.
26. ^ "Städtepartnerschaften". www.erftstadt.de (in German). Archived from the original on 13 May 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.
27. ^ Hodara, Susan (26 October 2008). "Communities; Cities Find Sisters Abroad". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 October 2008.
28. ^ "Elbląg – Podstrony / Miasta partnerskie". Elbląski Dziennik Internetowy (in Polish). Archived from the original on 15 March 2011. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
29. ^ "Elbląg – Miasta partnerskie". Elbląg.net (in Polish). Retrieved 1 August 2013.
30. ^ "Batumi – Twin Towns & Sister Cities". Batumi City Hall. Archived from the original on 4 May 2012. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
31. ^ Piotrowski, Tadeusz (9 January 2007). Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918-1947. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-2913-4. "...on the German side and Roman Shukhevych ('Tur', 'Taras Chuprynka') as head of the Ukrainian staff, wore the uniform of the Wehrmacht."
32. ^ "Israeli Envoy in Ukraine Slams Naming of Soccer Stadium in Honor of Nazi Ally Roman Shukhevych", Algemeiner.com, retrieved 22 October 2023
33. ^ a b "Israel protests against western Ukrainian city naming stadium in honor of Shukhevych", Kyiv Post, retrieved 22 October 2023
34. ^ "Tarnów zawiesza współpracę z Tarnopolem" (in Polish). Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2023.
35. ^ "Israel's Ambassador demands cancellation of decision on Ternopil stadium's name", UNIAN, retrieved 22 October 2023
36. ^ "FIFA urged to take action after stadium renamed for Nazi collaborator", The Jerusalem Post, 17 March 2021, retrieved 22 October 2023
37. ^ "Faine Misto Festival". www.festivalfinder.eu. European Festivals Association. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
38. ^ "ФАЙНЕ МІСТО | ТЕРИТОРІЯ ВІЛЬНИХ ЛЮДЕЙ | Історія" (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 7 April 2021.

## Sources

[edit]

* A. Bresler, Joseph Perl, Warsaw, 1879, passim;
* Allg. Zeit. des Jud. 1839, iii. 606;
*  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Tranopol". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
* J. H. Gurland, Le-Ḳarot ha-Gezerot, p. 22, Odesa, 1892;
* Meyers Konversations-Lexikon
* Orgelbrandt, in Encyklopedia Powszechna, xiv. 409;

## External links

[edit]

* Ukraine portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ternopil.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Ternopil.

Look up ternopil in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

* "Tarnopol" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 429.
* Kubijovyč, Volodymyr; Mykolaievych, Roman (2012). "Ternopil". Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 5 August 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2023.
* (in Ukrainian) Ternopil City Council
* (in Ukrainian and English) Ternopil photos
* Ternopil City Sights
* Website about Ternopil
* Historical footage of war damages at Ternopil (1917), filmportal.de
* Ternopil, Ukraine at JewishGen

* v
* t
* e

Administrative divisions of Ternopil Oblast

Administrative center: Ternopil

Raions|

* Chortkiv
* Kremenets
* Ternopil

Hromadas|

* Baikivtsi
* Berezhany
* Bila
* Bilche-Zolote
* Bilobozhnytsia
* Borshchiv
* Borsuky‎
* Buchach
* Chortkiv
* Hrymailiv
* Husiatyn
* Ivane-Puste
* Ivanivka
* Khorostkiv
* Kolyndiany
* Kopychyntsi
* Koropets
* Kozliv
* Kozova
* Kremenets
* Kupchyntsi
* Lanivtsi
* Lopushne
* Melnytsia-Podilska
* Monastyryska
* Mykulyntsi
* Nahirianka
* Naraiv
* Ozerna
* Pidhaitsi
* Pidhorodne
* Pidvolochysk
* Pochaiv
* Saranchuky
* Shumsk
* Skala-Podilska
* Skalat
* Skoryky
* Terebovlia
* Ternopil
* Tovste
* Trybukhivtsi
* Vasylkivtsi
* Velyka Berezovytsia
* Velyki Birky
* Velyki Dederkaly
* Velyki Hayi
* Vyshnivets
* Zalishchyky
* Zaliztsi
* Zavodske
* Zbarazh
* Zboriv
* Zolotnyky‎
* Zolotyi Potik

Cities|

* Berezhany
* Borshchiv
* Buchach
* Chortkiv
* Khorostkiv
* Kopychyntsi
* Kremenets
* Lanivtsi
* Monastyryska
* Pidhaitsi
* Pochaiv
* Shumsk
* Skalat
* Terebovlia
* Ternopil
* Zalishchyky
* Zbarazh
* Zboriv

* v
* t
* e

Administrative divisions of Ukraine

Capital: Kyiv

Oblasts|

* Cherkasy
* Chernihiv
* Chernivtsi
* Dnipropetrovsk
* Donetsk
* Ivano-Frankivsk
* Kharkiv
* Kherson
* Khmelnytskyi
* Kirovohrad
* Kyiv
* Luhansk
* Lviv
* Mykolaiv
* Odesa
* Poltava
* Rivne
* Sumy
* Ternopil
* Vinnytsia
* Volyn
* Zakarpattia
* Zaporizhzhia
* Zhytomyr

Cities with special status|

* Kyiv
* Sevastopol

Autonomous republic|

* Crimea

Administrative centers|

* Cherkasy
* Chernihiv
* Chernivtsi
* Dnipro
* Donetsk
* Kramatorsk
* Ivano-Frankivsk
* Kharkiv
* Kherson
* Khmelnytskyi
* Kropyvnytskyi
* Kyiv
* Luhansk
* Sievierodonetsk
* Lutsk
* Lviv
* Mykolaiv
* Odesa
* Poltava
* Rivne
* Sevastopol
* Simferopol
* Sumy
* Ternopil
* Uzhhorod
* Vinnytsia
* Zaporizhzhia
* Zhytomyr

* v
* t
* e

Historical capitals of Ukraine

Medieval capitals|

| Kievan Rus'|

* Kyiv

|

Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia|

* Volodymyr
* Halych
* Lviv

Early modern
capitals|

| Cossack Hetmanate|

* Chyhyryn (1648–1676)
* Hadiach (Left-bank, 1663–1668)
* Baturyn (1676–1708, 1751–1764)
* Hlukhiv (1708–1751)

|

Ukrainian states
in the 20th century|

| Ukrainian People's Republic|

* Kyiv (1917–1920)
* Kamianets-Podilskyi (de facto)
* Vinnytsia (de facto)
* Zhmerynka (de facto)
* Proskuriv (de facto)
* Rivne (de facto)

|

Soviet Ukraine
(Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets,
Ukrainian Soviet Republic,
Provisional Workers-Peasants Government,
Ukrainian SSR)|

* Kharkiv (1917–1918)
* Taganrog (1918)
* Sudzha (1918)
* Belgorod (1918–1919)
* Kharkiv (1919–1934)
* Kyiv (1934–1991)

West Ukrainian People's Republic|

* Lviv
* Mostyska (de facto)
* Stanyslaviv (de facto)
* Buchach (de facto)
* Chortkiv (de facto)
* Ternopil (de facto)

Minor Soviet republics|

* Kharkiv/ Luhansk (Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic)
* Poltavka (Bashtanka Republic [uk])
* Chyhyryn (Chyhyryn Soviet Republic)
* Ternopil (Galician Soviet Socialist Republic)

Other formations|

* Huliaipole (Makhnovshchina, 1917–1919)
* Yasinia (Hutsul Republic)
* Mliiv [uk] (Mliiv Republic [uk])
* Katerynoslav (Makhnovshchina, 1919)
* Melnyky [uk] (Kholodny Yar Republic)
* Khust (Carpatho-Ukraine)

* v
* t
* e

Cities in Ukraine

* City with special status
* City of regional significance
* City of district significance

1,000,000+|

* Kyiv
* Kharkiv
* Dnipro
* Odesa

500,000-1,000,000|

* Donetsk
* Zaporizhzhia
* Lviv
* Kryvyi Rih

200,000-500,000|

* Mykolaiv
* Mariupol
* Luhansk
* Makiivka
* Vinnytsia
* Simferopol
* Sevastopol
* Kherson
* Poltava
* Chernihiv
* Cherkasy
* Sumy
* Horlivka
* Zhytomyr
* Kamianske
* Kropyvnytskyi
* Khmelnytskyi
* Rivne
* Chernivtsi
* Kremenchuk
* Ternopil
* Ivano-Frankivsk
* Lutsk
* Bila Tserkva

100,000-200,000|

* Kramatorsk
* Melitopol
* Kerch
* Nikopol
* Sloviansk
* Berdiansk
* Sievierodonetsk
* Alchevsk
* Pavlohrad
* Uzhhorod
* Brovary
* Yevpatoria

* Cities located in Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF
* FAST

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Czech Republic
* Spain
* Latvia
* Israel

Other|

* IdRef
* Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine
* Yale LUX

*[Pop.]: Population
*[±%]: Percent change
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