Terrorism in Russia

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2020)

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Part of a series on

Terrorism

* Definitions
* History
* Incidents

By ideology

* Anarchist
* Communist
* Left-wing/Far-left
* Narcotics-driven
* Nationalist
* Right-wing/Far-right

Religious

* Buddhist
* Christian (Mormon)
* Hindu
* Islamic (Salafi-Wahhabi)
* Jewish
* Sikh

Special-interest / Single-issue

* Suffragette
* Anti-abortion
* Green/Ecological
* Misogynist

Related topics

* Violent extremism
* Ethnic violence
* Militia movement
* Resistance movement

Structure

* Financing
* Fronting
* Radicalization (online)
* Training camp
* Death squad
* Clandestine cell system
* Leaderless resistance
* Lone wolf
* Domestic

* Methods
* Tactics

* Agro-terrorism
* Aircraft hijacking (list)
* Beheading
* Bombing
* Animal-borne
* Car (list)
* Improvised
* Letter
* Threat
* Proxy
* Bioterrorism
* Cyberterrorism
* Dry run
* Environmental
* Hostage-taking
* Individual terror
* Insurgency
* Kidnapping
* Lone wolf
* Nuclear
* Paper
* Piracy
* Propaganda of the deed
* Shooting
* School
* Spree
* Stabbing
* Suicide attack (list)
* Rockets and mortars
* Vehicle-ramming

Terrorist groups

* Designated terrorist groups
* Charities accused of ties to terrorism

Adherents

* Violent non-state actors

State terrorism

* Kazakhstan
* Soviet Union
* United States
* Uzbekistan

State-sponsored terrorism

* Iran
* Israel
* Kuwait
* Libya
* Pakistan
* Qatar
* Russia (Soviet Union)
* Saudi Arabia
* Syria
* United States
* Venezuela

Response to terrorism

* Counter-terrorism
* International conventions
* Anti-terrorism legislation
* Terrorism insurance

* v
* t
* e

* v
* t
* e

Terrorism in Russia

Bold italics indicate incidents resulting in more
than 50 deaths. Incidents are bombings,
unless described otherwise.

1977|

* Moscow

1995|

* Budyonnovsk

1996|

* Kizlyar-Pervomayskoye
* Kaspiysk

1999|

* Vladikavkaz
* Apartment bombings

2002|

* Kaspiysk
* Moscow
* Grozny

2003|

* Znamenskoye
* Tushino
* Stavropol
* Red Square

2004|

* Moscow (February)
* Grozny
* Moscow (August)
* Aircraft bombings
* Beslan

2006|

* Moscow

2008|

* Vladikavkaz

2009|

* Nazran
* Nevsky Express

2010|

* Moscow
* Kizlyar
* Stavropol
* Tsentoroy
* Vladikavkaz
* Grozny

2011|

* Domodedovo

2012|

* Makhachkala

2013|

* Volgograd (October)
* Volgograd (December)
* GTA gang

2014|

* Grozny bombing
* Grozny clashes
* GTA gang

2015|

* Metrojet Flight 9268 (going to Russia)

2016|

* Shchelkovo Highway

2017|

* Saint Petersburg

2018|

* Kizlyar

2024|

* Crocus City Hall
* Rostov-on-Don hostage crisis
* Dagestan

* Part of the First Chechen War, War of Dagestan, Second Chechen War, Insurgency in the North Caucasus, Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus and Islamic terrorism in Europe

Terrorism in Russia has a long history starting from the time of the Russian Empire. Terrorism, in the modern sense,[1] means violence against civilians to achieve political or ideological objectives by creating extreme fear.[2]

Terrorism was an important tool used by Marxist revolutionaries in the early 20th century to disrupt the social, political, and economic system and enable rebels to bring down the Tsarist government. Terrorist tactics, such as hostage-taking, were widely used by the Soviet secret agencies, most notably during the Red Terror and Great Terror campaigns, against the population of their own country, according to Karl Kautsky and other historians of Bolshevism.

Starting from the end of the 20th century, significant terrorist activity has taken place in Russia, most notably the Budyonnovsk hospital hostage crisis, the 1999 apartment bombings, the Moscow theater hostage crisis, the Beslan school siege, and most recently the Crocus City Hall attack and the 2024 Dagestan attacks. Many more acts of terrorism have been committed in major Russian cities, as well as the regions of Chechnya and Dagestan.

## 19th century

[edit]

German Social Democrat Karl Kautsky traces the origins of terrorism, including the terrorism seen in the Russian Empire, to the "Reign of Terror" of the French Revolution.[3][4] Others emphasize the role of Russian revolutionary movements during the 19th century, especially Narodnaya Volya ("People's Will") and the Nihilist movement, which included several thousand followers. "People's Will" organized one of the first political terrorism campaigns in history. In March 1881, it assassinated the Emperor of Russia Alexander II, who twenty years earlier had emancipated the Russian serfs.[5]

Important ideologists of these groups were Mikhail Bakunin and Sergey Nechayev, who was described in Fyodor Dostoevsky's novel The Possessed.[5] Nechayev argued that the purpose of revolutionary terror is not to gain the support of the masses, but on the contrary, to inflict misery and fear on the common population. According to Nechayev, a revolutionary must terrorize civilians in order to incite rebellions. He wrote:[5]

"A revolutionary must infiltrate all social formations including the police. He must exploit rich and influential people, subordinating them to himself. He must aggravate the miseries of the common people, so as to exhaust their patience and incite them to rebel. And, finally, he must ally himself with the savage word of the violent criminal, the only true revolutionary in Russia".

"The Revolutionist is a doomed man. He has no private interests, no affairs, sentiments, ties, property nor even a name of his own. His entire being is devoured by one purpose, one thought, one passion – the revolution. Heart and soul, not merely by word but by deed, he has severed every link with the social order and with the entire civilized world; with the laws, good manners, conventions, and morality of that world. He is its merciless enemy and continues to inhabit it with only one purpose – to destroy it."

According to historian and writer Edvard Radzinsky, Nechayev's ideas and tactics were widely used by Joseph Stalin and other Russian revolutionaries.[5]

## Early 20th century

[edit]

The SR Combat Organization was founded in 1902 and operated as an autonomous branch of the Socialist Revolutionary Party responsible for assassinating government officials, was led by Grigory Gershuni and operated separately from the party so as not to jeopardize its political actions. SRCO agents assassinated two Ministers of the Interior, Dmitry Sipyagin and V. K. von Plehve, Grand Duke Sergei Aleksandrovich, the Governor of Ufa N. M. Bogdanovich, and many other high-ranking officials.[6] It has been estimated that all together in the last twenty years of the Tsarist regime (1897–1917) more than 17,000 people were killed or wounded in terror attacks.[7]

## Soviet Union

[edit]

Main article: Terrorism and the Soviet Union

### Red terror

[edit]

Main article: Red Terror

The policy of Red Terror in Soviet Russia served to frighten the civilian population and exterminate certain social groups considered as "ruling classes" or enemies of the people. Karl Kautsky said about Red Terror: "Among the phenomena for which Bolshevism has been responsible, Terrorism, which begins with the abolition of every form of freedom of the Press, and ends in a system of wholesale execution, is certainly the most striking and the most repellent of all.. Kautsky recognized that Red Terror represented a variety of terrorism because it was indiscriminate, intended to frighten the civilian population, and included taking and executing hostages "[1]. Martin Latsis, chief of the Ukrainian Cheka, emphasized that Red terror was an extrajudicial punishment not for specific acts, but membership in condemned social classes:

"Do not look in the file of incriminating evidence to see whether or not the accused rose up against the Soviets with arms or words. Ask him instead to which class he belongs, what is his background, his education, his profession. These are the questions that will determine the fate of the accused. That is the meaning and essence of the Red Terror."[8]

One of the most common terrorist practices was hostage-taking. A typical report from a Cheka department stated: "Yaroslavl Province, 23 June 1919. The uprising of deserters in the Petropavlovskaya volost has been put down. The families of the deserters have been taken as hostages. When we started to shoot one person from each family, the Greens began to come out of the woods and surrender. Thirty-four deserters were shot as an example".[9]

Social scientist Nikolay Zayats from the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus estimated Cheka executions to be around 50,000-55,000 and has argued that the figures had been greatly exaggerated due to White Army propaganda.[10]

### 1977 Moscow bombings

[edit]

Main article: 1977 Moscow bombings

The 1977 Moscow bombings were allegedly organized by the Soviet KGB in Moscow to frame-up Armenian nationalists who were executed.[11][12][13][14]

## Russian Federation

[edit]

### Accusations of state terrorism

[edit]

See also: Russia–European_Union_relations § Russian_destabilization_of_EU_states, and Active measures

Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the government of the Russian Federation has been frequently accused of sponsoring or inspiring terrorist activities inside the country and in other countries in order to achieve its political goals.

Former FSB officer Alexander Litvinenko, Johns Hopkins University and Hoover Institute scholar David Satter,[15] Russian lawmaker Sergei Yushenkov, historian Yuri Felshtinsky, politologist Vladimir Pribylovsky and former KGB general Oleg Kalugin asserted that Russian apartment bombings were in fact a "false flag" attack perpetrated by the FSB (successor to the KGB) in order to legitimize the resumption of military activities in Chechnya and bring Vladimir Putin and the FSB to power. FSB operatives were actually briefly arrested in the case, but their presence at the crime scene was explained as "training".[16][17] This view was disputed by philosopher Robert Bruce Ware and Richard Sakwa,[18][19][20][21][22] but supported by historians Amy Knight[23][24] and Karen Dawisha[25]

Former FSB officer Aleksander Litvinenko and investigator Mikhail Trepashkin alleged that a Chechen FSB agent directed the Moscow theater hostage crisis in 2002.[26][27]

In May 2016, Reuters published a Special Report titled "How Russia allowed homegrown radicals to go and fight in Syria" that, based on first-hand evidence, said that at least in the period between 2012 and 2014 the Russian government agencies ran a programme to facilitate and encourage Russian radicals and militants to leave Russia and go to Turkey and then on to Syria; the persons in question had joined jihadist groups, some fighting with the ISIL. According to the report, the goal has been to eradicate the risk of Islamic terrorism at home; however Russian security officials deny that terrorists were encouraged to leave Russia.[28]

### 1999 Russian apartment bombings

[edit]

Main article: Russian apartment bombings

The Russian apartment bombings were a series of bombings in Russia that killed 300 & injured over 1,700. And, together with the Dagestan War, led the country into the Second Chechen War. The four bombings took place in the Russian cities of Buinaksk, Moscow and Volgodonsk during early days of September 1999.[29]

The bombings were followed by a controversial episode when a suspected bomb was found and defused in an apartment block in the Russian city of Ryazan on 22 September, which was then explained to be an exercise by the Russian security services, the FSB.[30]

An official investigation of the bombings was completed only three years later, in 2002. Seven suspects were killed, six have been convicted on terrorism-related charges, and one remains a fugitive. According to the investigation, the Moscow and Volgodonsk bombings were organized and led by Achemez Gochiyaev, who headed a group of Karachai Wahhabis, while the Buinaksk bombing was organized and perpetrated by a different group of Dagestani Wahhabis.[31]

The Russian Duma rejected two motions for parliamentary investigation of the Ryazan incident. An independent public commission to investigate the bombings chaired by Duma deputy Sergei Kovalev was rendered ineffective because of government refusal to respond to its inquiries. Two key members of the Kovalev Commission, Sergei Yushenkov and Yuri Shchekochikhin, both Duma members, have since died in assassinations in April 2003 and July 2003 respectively. The commission's lawyer Mikhail Trepashkin was arrested in October 2003 to become one of the better-known political prisoners in Russia.[32][33][34]

### 21st century

[edit]

2002

The Moscow theater hostage crisis (also known as the 2002 Nord-Ost siege) was the seizure of a crowded Dubrovka Theater by 40 to 50 armed Chechens on 23 October 2002 that involved 850 hostages and ended with the deaths of at least 170 people.

2004

A suicide bombing in downtown Moscow Metro killed 41 people on February 6. Simultaneous suicide bombings brought down two passenger aircraft within one hour of leaving from the Domedodovo airport, Moscow, killing 90 people total on August 24. Chechen terrorists seized over 1,000 hostages at a school in Beslan, North Ossetia on September 1. The siege ended on September 3, with more than 300 people dead, most of them children.

2006

The 2006 Moscow market bombing occurred on 21 August 2006, when a self-made bomb with the power of more than 1 kg of TNT exploded at Moscow's Cherkizovsky Market frequented by foreign merchants.[35] The bombing killed 13 people and injured 47. In 2008, eight members of the neo-Nazi organization The Saviour were sentenced for their roles in the attack.[36]

#### 2010

[edit]

Main article: 2010 Moscow Metro bombings

In March 2010 suicide bombings were carried out by two women who were aligned with Caucasus Emirate and Al-Qaeda. The terrorist attack happened during the morning rush hour of 29 March 2010, at two stations of the Moscow Metro (Lubyanka and Park Kultury), with roughly 40 minutes interval between. At least 38 people were killed, and over 60 injured.[37][38]

#### 2011

[edit]

Main article: Domodedovo International Airport bombing

The Domodedovo International Airport bombing was a suicide bombing in the international arrival hall of Moscow's Domodedovo International, in Domodedovsky District, Moscow Oblast, on 24 January 2011.

The bombing killed 37 people[39] and injured 173 others, including 86 who had to be hospitalised.[40] Of the casualties, 31 died at the scene, three later in hospitals, one en route to a hospital,[41] one on 2 February after having been put in a coma, and another on 24 February after being hospitalised in grave condition.[39]

Russia's Federal Investigative Committee later identified the suicide bomber as a 20-year-old from the North Caucasus, and said that the attack was aimed "first and foremost" at foreign citizens.[42]

#### 2013

[edit]

Main articles: December 2013 Volgograd bombings and October 2013 Volgograd bus bombing

In December 2013, two separate suicide bombings a day apart targeted mass transportation in the city of Volgograd, in the Volgograd Oblast of Southern Russia, killing 34 people overall, including both perpetrators who were aligned to Caucasus Emirate and Vilayat Dagestan. The attacks followed a bus bombing carried out in the same city two months earlier.[43][citation needed]

On 21 October 2013, a suicide bombing took place on a bus in the city of Volgograd, in the Volgograd Oblast of Southern Russia. The attack was carried out by a female perpetrator named Naida Sirazhudinovna Asiyalova (Russian: Наида Сиражудиновна Асиялова) who was converted to Islam by her husband, she detonated an explosive belt containing 500–600 grams of TNT inside a bus carrying approximately 50 people, killing seven civilians and injuring at least 36 others.[44]

#### 2014

[edit]

Main articles: 2014 Grozny bombing and 2014 Grozny clashes

On 5 October 2014 a 19-year-old man named Opti Mudarov went to the town hall where an event was taking place to mark Grozny City Day celebrations in Grozny coinciding with the birthday of Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov. Police officers noticed him acting strangely and stopped him. The officers began to search him and the bomb which Mudarov had been carrying exploded. Five officers, along with the suicide bomber, were killed, while 12 others were wounded.[45]

On 4 December 2014, a group of Islamist militants, in three vehicles, killed three traffic policemen, after the latter had attempted to stop them at a checkpoint in the outskirts of Grozny.[46] The militants then occupied a press building and an abandoned school, located in the center of the city. Launching a counter-terrorism operation, security forces, with the use of armored vehicles, attempted to storm the buildings and a firefight ensued.[47]

14 policemen, 11 militants and 1 civilian were killed. Additionally 36 policemen were wounded in the incident. The Press House was also burned and severely damaged in the incident.[48][49]

#### 2015

[edit]

Main article: Metrojet Flight 9268

Metrojet Flight 9268 was an international chartered passenger flight operated by Russian airline Kogalymavia (branded as Metrojet). On 31 October 2015 at 06:13 local time EST (04:13 UTC), an Airbus A321-231 operating the flight disintegrated above the northern Sinai following its departure from Sharm El Sheikh International Airport, Egypt, in route to Pulkovo Airport, Saint Petersburg, Russia. All 217 passengers and seven crew members who were on board were killed.[50][51][52]

Shortly after the crash, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL)'s Sinai Branch, previously known as Ansar Bait al-Maqdis, claimed responsibility for the incident, which occurred in the vicinity of the Sinai insurgency.[53][54] ISIL claimed responsibility on Twitter, on video, and in a statement by Abu Osama al-Masri, the leader of the group's Sinai branch.[55][56] ISIL posted pictures of what it said was the bomb in Dabiq, its online magazine.

By 4 November 2015, British and American authorities suspected that a bomb was responsible for the crash. On 8 November 2015, an anonymous member of the Egyptian investigation team said the investigators were "90 percent sure" that the jet was brought down by a bomb. Lead investigator Ayman al-Muqaddam said that other possible causes of the crash included a fuel explosion, metal fatigue, and lithium batteries overheating.[57] The Russian Federal Security Service announced on 17 November that they were sure that it was a terrorist attack, caused by an improvised bomb containing the equivalent of up to 1 kilogram (2.2 lb) of TNT that detonated during the flight. The Russians said they had found explosive residue as evidence. On 24 February 2016, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi acknowledged that terrorism caused the crash.[58]

#### 2017

[edit]

Main article: 2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing

* On 3 April 2017, a terrorist attack using an explosive device took place on the Saint Petersburg Metro between Sennaya Ploshchad and Tekhnologichesky Institut stations.[59] Seven people (including the perpetrator) were initially reported to have died, and eight more died later from their injuries, bringing the total to 15.[60][61][62][63][64] At least 45 others were injured in the incident.[65][66] The explosive device was contained in a briefcase.[65] A second explosive device was found and defused at Ploshchad Vosstaniya metro station.[63] The suspected perpetrator was named as Akbarzhon Jalilov, a Russian citizen who was an ethnic Uzbek born in Kyrgyzstan.[67] Prior to the attack, Chechen separatists had been responsible for several terrorist attacks in Russia. In 2016, ISIS had plotted to target St. Petersburg due to Russia's military involvement in Syria, resulting in arrests.[68] No public transport system in Russia had been bombed since the 2010 Moscow Metro bombings.[69] ISIS propaganda was being circulated prior to this incident. It encouraged supporters to launch strikes on Moscow. ISIS propaganda showed bullet holes through Putin's head and a poster circulated before the attack of a falling Kremlin and included the message "We Will Burn Russia."[70]

* On 22 April 2017, two people were shot and killed in an attack in a Federal Security Service office in the Russian city of Khabarovsk. The gunman was also killed. The Russian Federal Security Service said that the native 18-year-old perpetrator was a known member of a neo-Nazi group.[71]

* On 27 December 2017 a bomb exploded in a supermarket in St Petersburg, injuring thirteen people. Vladimir Putin described this as a terrorist attack.[72]

#### 2019

[edit]

Several terrorist incidents occurred in Russia during the year of 2019:

* On March 13, two perpetrators attacked Federal Security Service (FSB) officers with automatic weapons and grenades when stopped for questioning in Stavropol of the Shpakovsky district. Both perpetrators were killed in the confrontation. Later, Russian authorities reported they were planning a terrorist attack in accordance to their affiliation with ISIS.[73]

* On April 8, ISIS (claimed to have) set off an explosion at Kolomna, a city near Moscow. The attack did not result in any casualties.[73]

* On July 1, ISIS claimed responsibility for an attack on a police officer at a checkpoint in the Achkhoy-Martonovsky district of Chechnya, who was stabbed to death. The attacker was shot and killed as he threw a grenade at the other officers.[73]

* On December 19, someone living in the Moscow region opened fire near the FSB headquarters in Moscow and caused 6 casualties; 2 killed and 4 wounded. Subsequently, the shooter, later identified as Yevgeny Manyurov, a 39-year-old ex-security guard, was killed onsite.[73]

#### 2021

[edit]

A German court sentenced Russian agent Vadim Krasikov to life imprisonment for the murder of Zelimkhan Khangoshvili which the judge called "state terrorism".[74]

#### 2023

[edit]

On 2 April there was an explosion in a Saint Petersburg café.

#### 2024

[edit]

Main article: Crocus City Hall attack

On 22 March, a group of four gunmen from IS-KP, also known as ISIS–K, opened fire on the public and then set fire to the Crocus City Hall music venue in Krasnogorsk, a city on the Western edge of Moscow.[75] ISIS has claimed responsibility for the attack.[76][77]

Main article: 2024 Dagestan terrorist attack

On 23 June 2024, Telegram channel Baza reported a terrorist attack in the city of Derbent on the Orthodox Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin on Lenin Street. [78] Not long after, a similar attack occurred in the regional capital Makhachkala. The Head of the Republic of Dagestan, Sergei Melikov, confirmed that the attacks had indeed took place. [79]

## Investigation and prosecution of alleged terrorism

[edit]

Russian authorities routinely extort confessions from suspected terrorists using torture, instead of engaging in genuine investigative efforts.[80] According to Vyacheslav Izmailov, the terrorist kidnappings of journalists and members of international NGOs in 2005 in Chechnya, along with Andrei Babitsky from Radio Free Europe, Arjan Erkel and Kenneth Glack from Doctors Without Borders were organized by FSB agents.[81]

Investigative journalist Yulia Latynina has accused the Russian security services of staging fake terrorist attacks to report false successes in solving those cases, instead of investigating the actual terrorist attacks.[82]

Russia reportedly abuses its anti-terrorism and anti-extremism laws.[83] On February 10, 2020, seven Russian anarchists and anti-fascist activists were sentenced to six to eighteen years in prison, based on fabricate terrorism charges. The activist were accused to be members of "The Set" an alleged terrorist organization from Penza that aimed to "overthrow the Russian government".[84][85]

## International cooperation

[edit]

In December 2019 President of Russia Vladimir Putin thanked his American counterpart Donald Trump for a tip which allowed the prevention of a terrorist attack in St. Petersburg.[86]

## See also

[edit]

* Russia portal

* Far-right politics in Russia
* SR Combat Organization
* Kizlyar raid
* Right-wing terrorism in Russia
* State terrorism#Belarus
* State-sponsored terrorism#Russia
* Russian Federation list of terrorist and extremist organizations
* Islamic terrorism in Europe
* List of terrorist incidents
* Terrorism in Europe
* Terrorism in the United States
* Hindu terrorism
* Violence against Christians in India
* Left-wing terrorism

## References

[edit]

1. ^ See the "Etymology" section
2. ^ Humphreys, Adrian (17 January 2006). "One official's 'refugee' is another's 'terrorist'". National Post. p. 1\. Archived from the original on 27 February 2011. Retrieved 11 October 2007. "The divergent assessments of the same evidence on such an important issue shocks a leading terrorism researcher. 'The notion of terrorism is fairly straightforward – it is ideologically or politically motivated violence directed against civilian targets.'" said Professor Martin Rudner, director of the Canadian Centre of Intelligence and Security Studies at Ottawa's Carleton University."
3. ^ Terrorism and Communism Archived 15 July 2018 at the Wayback Machine by Karl Kautsky. Kautsky said: "It is, in fact, a widely spread idea that Terrorism belongs to the very essence of revolution, and that whoever wants a revolution must somehow come to some sort of terms with terrorism. As proof of this assertion, over and over again the great French Revolution has been cited." (Chapter 1)
4. ^ The Gulag Archipelago by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
5. ^ a b c d Edvard Radzinsky Stalin: The First In-depth Biography Based on Explosive New Documents from Russia's Secret Archives (1997) ISBN 0-385-47954-9
6. ^ Anna Geifman. Entangled in Terror: The Azef Affair and the Russian Revolution, Wilmington, Scholarly Resources Inc., 2000, 247 pp. ISBN 0-8420-2651-7 ISBN 0-8420-2650-9
7. ^ Figes, Orlando (1996). A People's Tragedy: The Russian revolution, 1891-1924. New York: Penguin. p. 138\. ISBN 014024364X.
8. ^ Yevgenia Albats and Catherine A. Fitzpatrick. The State Within a State: The KGB and Its Hold on Russia – Past, Present, and Future, 1994. ISBN 0-374-52738-5.
9. ^ Nicolas Werth, Karel Bartošek, Jean-Louis Panné, Jean-Louis Margolin, Andrzej Paczkowski, Stéphane Courtois, The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Harvard University Press, 1999, hardcover, 858 pages, ISBN 0-674-07608-7
10. ^ "On the scale of the Red Terror during the Civil War". scepsis.net.
11. ^ Chronicle of Current Events, 44.15, "Concerning the explosions in Moscow" (15 March 1977) Archived 7 April 2020 at the Wayback Machine.
12. ^ Andrew, Christopher M., Oleg Gordievsky. KGB: The Inside Story of Its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev. HarperCollinsPublishers; 1st edition (1 May 1992). ISBN 0-06-016605-3. p. 546.
13. ^ M. Heller and A. Nekrich, History of Russia 1917–1995; seven volumes; London, 1982, ISBN 5-87902-004-5 Russian text online Archived 24 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Quote (Russian): "армянские националисты были приговорены к смертной казни закрытым судом и несмотря на то, что алиби обвиняемых было подтверждено многими свидетелями." (Armenian nationalists were to death in a closed trial, and despite the fact that the alibi of the accused was confirmed by many witnesses)
14. ^ "Взрыв в московском метро 1977 г. (из книги "Полвека советской перестройки"). Сергей Григорьянц – Григорьянц Сергей Иванович" [Explosion in the Moscow metro in 1977 (from the book "Half a century of Soviet perestroika"). Sergey Grigoryants - Grigoryants Sergey Ivanovich]. grigoryants.ru. Archived from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
15. ^ David Satter. Darkness at Dawn: The Rise of the Russian Criminal State. Yale University Press. 2003. ISBN 0-300-09892-8.
16. ^ "Satter House Testimony 2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
17. ^ "Oleg Kalugin: "Putin Is a Temporary Twist in History"". The Ukrainian Week. 8 September 2011. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
18. ^ Sakwa, Richard (2008). Putin, Russia's choice (2nd ed.). Routledge. pp. 333–334. ISBN 978-0-415-40765-6.
19. ^ Vladimir Putin & Russia's Special Services Archived 12 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine Gordon Bennet, 2002
20. ^ Western treatment of Russia signifies erosion of reason Archived 1 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Dr. Vlad Sobell, 2007. The same article at Russia Profile
21. ^ Russia Profile Weekly Experts Panel: Russian Presidential Election – Affirming Democracy or Confirming Autocracy? Archived 19 January 2011 at the Wayback Machine
22. ^ Bowker, Mike (2005). "Western Views of the Chechen Conflict". In Richard Sakwa (ed.). Chechnya: From Past to Future (1st ed.). London: Anthem Press. pp. 223–238. ISBN 978-1-84331-164-5.
23. ^ Amy Knight (22 November 2012). "Finally, We Know About the Moscow Bombings". The New York Review of Books. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2020. "The evidence provided in The Moscow Bombings makes it abundantly clear that the FSB of the Russian Republic, headed by Patrushev, was responsible for carrying out the attacks."
24. ^ Getting away with murder Archived 15 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine by Amy Knight, The Times Literary supplement, 3 August 2016
25. ^ Putin's Kleptocracy: Who Owns Russia?, By Karen Dawisha, 2014, Simon & Schuster, page 222.
26. ^ Lazaredes, Nick (4 June 2003). "Terrorism takes front stage – Russia's theatre siege". SBS. Archived from the original on 21 August 2006. Retrieved 28 November 2006.
27. ^ М. Трепашкин: "Создана очень серьезная группа" [M. Trepashkin: "A very serious group has been created"]. Wayback Machine (in Russian). Chechen Press State News Agency. 1 December 2006. Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
28. ^ "How Russia allowed homegrown radicals to go and fight in Syria". Reuters. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
29. ^ "Foiled Attack or Failed Exercise? A Look at Ryazan 1999 | Wilson Center". www.wilsoncenter.org. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
30. ^ "Russian bomb scare turns out to be anti-terror drill". CNN. 24 September 1999. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
31. ^ Pokalova, Elena (2015). Chechnya's Terrorist Network: The Evolution of Terrorism in Russia's North Caucasus. Praeger. pp. 97–99. ISBN 978-1-44083-154-6.
32. ^ "Why 'GQ' Doesn't Want Russians To Read Its Story". NPR.org. Archived from the original on 5 September 2009. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
33. ^ "2 Decades on, Questions Linger About Putin's Rise to Power | Voice of America – English". www.voanews.com. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
34. ^ "Foiled Attack or Failed Exercise? A Look at Ryazan 1999 | Wilson Center". www.wilsoncenter.org. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021.
35. ^ Nowak, David; Nikitin, Vladim (22 August 2006). "Market Blast Kills 10 and Injures 55". Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
36. ^ Russian court jails market bombers Archived 2008-05-19 at the Wayback Machine Al Jazeera. 15 May 2008.
37. ^ Buribayev, Aydar (29 March 2010). "Suicide bombers kill at least 38 in Moscow subway". Reuters. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
38. ^ "Moscow metro bombs kill dozens". the Guardian. 29 March 2010. Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
39. ^ a b Число жертв теракта в Домодедово возросло до 37 (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 24 February 2011. Archived from the original on 27 February 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2011.
40. ^ Steve Rosenberg (24 January 2011). "Moscow bombing: Carnage at Russia's Domodedovo airport". BBC News. Archived from the original on 25 January 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
41. ^ На месте взрыва в Домодедово погиб 31 человек, сообщил Минздрав (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 24 January 2011. Archived from the original on 29 January 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2011.
42. ^ "Russia 'identifies' Domodedovo airport bomber suspect". BBC News. 29 January 2011. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.
43. ^ "Second deadly blast hits Russian city of Volgograd". France 24. 30 December 2013. Archived from the original on 9 September 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
44. ^ "Volgograd train station rocked by suicide bombing". the Guardian. 30 December 2013. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
45. ^ "Five killed in suicide bombing in Chechen capital". BBC News. 5 October 2014. Archived from the original on 9 September 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
46. ^ Walker, Shaun (4 December 2014). "Gun battles erupt in Chechnya's capital after militants launch attack". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
47. ^ "Putin thanks Kadyrov, Chechen law enforcers for counterterrorism operation in Grozny". ITAR-TASS. Moscow. 5 December 2014. Archived from the original on 4 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014. Alt URL Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine
48. ^ "В спецоперации в Грозном уничтожено 11 боевиков, заявил Кадыров" [11 militants killed in special operation in Grozny, Kadyrov says]. 5 December 2014. Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
49. ^ "Во время спецоперации в Грозном погибли 14 полицейских" [14 policemen killed during special operation in Grozny]. 5 December 2014. Archived from the original on 8 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
50. ^ "Russian plane crash: UK suspects bomb was in hold". BBC News. 6 November 2015. Archived from the original on 6 November 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
51. ^ "Metrojet Flight 9268: Russia confirms bomb destroyed plane in Egypt". CBC Radio. 17 November 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
52. ^ Jason Hanna, Michael Martinez and Jennifer Deaton (18 November 2015). "ISIS says photo shows bomb on Russian plane". CNN. Archived from the original on 25 June 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
53. ^ "Updates: Russian airliner crashes in Egypt's Sinai peninsula". BBC News. 31 October 2015. Archived from the original on 13 November 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
54. ^ "Russian plane that crashed in Egypt 'broke up in air'". France 24 News. November 2015. Archived from the original on 2 November 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
55. ^ Gadher, Dipesh; Amoor, Miles (8 November 2015). "Plane bombing mastermind unmasked as Egyptian cleric". Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
56. ^ "Abu Osama al-Masri: Portrait of the Egyptian terrorist suspected of downing Russian plane". Regina Leader–Post. ISSN 0839-2870. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
57. ^ Hassan, Ahmed Mohamed; Georgy, Michael (9 November 2015). "Investigators '90 percent sure' bomb downed Russian plane". Reuters (U.S. ed.). Archived from the original on 11 November 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
58. ^ "Egypt's president admits Russian plane downed by 'terrorism'". Gulf Today. 24 February 2016. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2021.
59. ^ Youngman, Mark (6 April 2017). "Russia's domestic terrorism threat is serious, sophisticated and complex". The Conversation. The Conversation Trust (UK). Archived from the original on 9 April 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017. "The April 3 bombing on the St Petersburg metro was the highest-profile terror attack on Russian soil since a suicide bombing at Moscow's Domodedovo airport in January 2011."
60. ^ "Число жертв теракта в Петербурге выросло до 14 человек" [Number of fatalities of the terrorist act in Petersburg has grown to fourteen people]. Meduza. 4 April 2017. Archived from the original on 30 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017. "В результате взрыва в метро Санкт-Петербурга погибли 14 человек, сообщила министр здравоохранения России Вероника Скворцова. [In the aftermath of explosion in the metro of Saint Petersburg 14 people have died, reported by the minister of health of Russia Veronika Skvortsova]"
61. ^ "Signs of terror attack in St. Petersburg subway blast obvious – Kremlin". TASS. Saint Petersburg. 4 April 2017. Archived from the original on 13 July 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2017. "The Russian Investigative Committee has qualified the blast as a terrorist attack, but other versions are looked into."
62. ^ MacFarquhar, Neil; Nechepureneko, Ivan (3 April 2017). "Explosion in St. Petersburg Metro Kills at Least 10". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 April 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
63. ^ a b "Взрыв в метро Санкт-Петербурга: погибли 10 человек" [Explosion in Metro St. Petersburg, killing 10 people] (in Russian). BBC Russia. 3 April 2017. Archived from the original on 13 June 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
64. ^ "В петербургской больнице скончались двое пострадавших при взрыве в метро" [Two injured in the explosion in the subway died in the St. Petersburg hospital] (in Russian). RIA Novosti. Archived from the original on 24 November 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
65. ^ a b "St Petersburg metro explosions kill ten – media". BBC. 3 April 2017. Archived from the original on 15 May 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
66. ^ "At least 10 people may have been killed by Russia metro blast: TASS". Reuters. 3 April 2017. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
67. ^ "St Petersburg metro bombing suspect 'from Kyrgyzstan'". BBC News. 4 April 2017. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
68. ^ Bergen, Peter (4 April 2017). "The likely culprits behind the St. Petersburg bombing". CNN. Archived from the original on 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
69. ^ Ioffe, Julia (4 April 2017). "How Russians Got Used to Terrorism". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
70. ^ Griffin, Andrew (4 April 2017). "St Petersburg attacks: Isis celebrates explosions that killed 10 people". Archived from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
71. ^ "Murderous attack on FSB office in Khabarovsk 'was by a neo-Nazi – not an IS terrorist'". siberiantimes.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
72. ^ Stonestreet, John (28 December 2017). "Putin says St Petersburg supermarket bombing was terrorism". Archived from the original on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
73. ^ a b c d "Russia". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 29 April 2022.
74. ^ Escritt, Thomas (16 December 2021). "German court accuses Russia of "state terrorism" over 2019 Berlin park murder". Reuters. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
75. ^ "Moscow attack: Gunmen kill dozens at Crocus City Hall in Moscow 60 people have been confirmed dead and more than 100 injured". BBC News. 22 March 2024. Archived from the original on 22 March 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
76. ^ Knight, Mariya; Chernova, Anna; Tarasova, Darya; CNN (22 March 2024). "ISIS claims responsibility for attack in busy Moscow-area concert venue that left at least 40 dead". CNN. Retrieved 23 March 2024. `{{cite web}}`: `|last4=` has generic name (help)
77. ^ "All four suspects arrested after Crocus City Hall shootings, Russia says". BBC News. 22 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
78. ^ Knight, Mariya; Tarasova, Darya; Deaton, Jen (23 June 2024). "Priest and six law enforcement officers killed in attacks on synagogues and church in Russia's Dagestan". CNN. Retrieved 23 June 2024.
79. ^ "В Дербенте и Махачкале вооруженные боевики напали на православные храмы и синагоги. Погибли и ранены полицейские Материал обновляется". Meduza (in Russian). Retrieved 23 June 2024.
80. ^ Izmailov, Vyacheslav (7 November 2005). "Рынок взорвали фотороботы" [The market was blown up by photo robots] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 8 May 2006.
81. ^ Izmailov, Vyacheslav (27 January 2005). "Спецслужбы доставки" [Special delivery services]. Novaya Gazeta (in Russian). Archived from the original on 18 November 2005.
82. ^ Latynina, Yulia (3 April 2006). "Спецслужбы изображают подрывную деятельность" [Intelligence agencies portray subversive activities] (in Russian). Archived from the original on 23 May 2006.
83. ^ Russia: Surge in abuse of anti-terrorism laws to suppress dissent, by Amnesty International, February 19, 2024
84. ^ "Russia jails members of 'non-existent' terror group Set". BBC News. 10 February 2020. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
85. ^ "Russia: Prosecution for membership of a non-existent "terrorist" organization must stop". International Amnesty. 7 February 2020. Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
86. ^ "Putin thanks Trump for tip Russia says foiled attacks". Reuters. 29 December 2019. Archived from the original on 30 December 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2019.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Tenzer, Nicolas (29 July 2022). "Putin's Russia is a Terrorist State: Should it be Written into Law?". Tenzer Strategics. Retrieved 2 August 2022.

## External links

[edit]

* Terrorism: A Marxist Perspective, By Dave Holmes
* Over 200 cases against Hizb ut-Tahrir activists opened in Russia
* Khanty-Mansiysk Court confirms Hizb ut-Tahrir activist's sentence
* 'Big three' to hold Delhi talks
* Terrorism in Russia – slideshow by Life magazine

* v
* t
* e

Terrorism in Europe

Sovereign states|

* Albania
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recognition|

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Other entities|

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* v
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* e

Terrorism in Asia

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limited recognition|

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* Category
* Asia portal

* v
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* e

Islamic terrorism in Europe

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States with limited
recognition|

* Abkhazia
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other entities|

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Terrorism

Main articles|

* Definition
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By ideology|

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Types and tactics|

* Agro-terrorism
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State involvement|

* State terrorism
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Organisation|

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Historical|

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Lists|

* Charities accused of ties to terrorism
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Memorials and museums|

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By country|

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* Sponsored
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* Sponsored

* v
* t
* e

Russian invasion of Ukraine

Part of the Russo-Ukrainian War

Overview

| General|

* Outline
* Timeline
* Prelude
* Feb – Apr 2022
* Apr – Aug 2022
* Aug – Nov 2022
* Nov 2022 – Jun 2023
* Jun – Aug 2023
* Sep – Nov 2023
* Dec 2023 – Mar 2024
* Apr 2024 – present
* Aerial warfare
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* Naval warfare
* Legality
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* Order of battle
* Peace negotiations
* Ukraine's Peace Formula
* China peace proposal
* June 2024 peace summit
* Proposed no-fly zone
* Red lines
* Reparations
* Territorial control
* Women

|

Prelude|

* Reactions
* Disinformation
* Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory
* Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction
* 2021 Russia–United States summit
* 2021 Black Sea incident
* Belarus–European Union border crisis
* "On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians"
* Crimea Platform
* Zapad 2021
* December 2021 ultimatum
* 2022 Ukraine cyberattacks
* Zametil 2022
* Union Resolve 2022
* Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing
* British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact
* Evacuation of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR
* Mobilization in Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR
* "Address concerning the events in Ukraine"
* "On conducting a special military operation"

Background|

* Dissolution of the Soviet Union
* 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine
* Annexation of Crimea
* reactions
* War in Donbas
* 2022 timeline
* Minsk agreements
* humanitarian situation
* international recognition of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR
* Putinism
* Foundations of Geopolitics
* Novorossiya
* Ruscism
* Russian irredentism
* Russian imperialism

Foreign
relations|

* Russia–Ukraine
* Belarus–Ukraine
* Belarus–Russia
* Russia–United States
* Ukraine–United States
* Russia–NATO
* Ukraine–NATO
* enlargement of NATO
* eastward expansion controversy in Russia
* open door policy

Military engagements

| Southern
Ukraine|

* Snake Island campaign
* Siege of Mariupol
* Battle of Kherson
* Battle of Melitopol
* Battle of Mykolaiv
* Battle of Enerhodar
* Battle of Voznesensk
* Battle of Huliaipole
* Battle of Davydiv Brid
* Kherson counteroffensive
* Liberation of Kherson
* Dnieper campaign
* Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam

|

Eastern
Ukraine|

* Battle of Volnovakha
* Battle of Kharkiv
* Battle of Izium
* Battle of Rubizhne
* Battle of Popasna
* Battle of Marinka
* Battle of Donbas
* Battle of the Siverskyi Donets
* Battle of Sievierodonetsk
* Battle of Lysychansk
* Battle of Pisky
* Battle of Bakhmut
* Battle of Soledar
* Battle of Vuhledar
* Kharkiv counteroffensive
* Battle of Kupiansk
* Second battle of Lyman
* Luhansk Oblast campaign
* Battle of Avdiivka

Northern
Ukraine|

* Battle of Antonov Airport
* Capture of Chernobyl
* Battle of Kyiv
* Battle of Hostomel
* Battle of Vasylkiv
* Battle of Bucha
* Battle of Irpin
* Battle of Makariv
* Russian Kyiv convoy
* Battle of Moshchun
* Battle of Brovary
* Battle of Slavutych
* Battle of Sumy
* Siege of Chernihiv
* Battle of Okhtyrka
* Battle of Lebedyn
* Northeastern border skirmishes

Airstrikes
by city|

* Chernihiv strikes
* Dnipro strikes
* Ivano-Frankivsk strikes
* Kharkiv strikes
* Kherson strikes
* Khmelnytskyi strikes
* Kryvyi Rih strikes
* Kyiv strikes
* Lviv strikes
* Mykolaiv strikes
* Odesa strikes
* Rivne strikes
* Vinnytsia strikes
* Zaporizhzhia strikes
* Zhytomyr strikes

Airstrikes
on military
targets|

* Chuhuiv air base attack
* Millerovo air base attack
* Chornobaivka attacks
* 7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack
* Yavoriv military base attack
* 18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack
* Berdiansk port attack
* Sinking of the Moskva
* Desna barracks airstrike
* Attack on Nova Kakhovka
* Crimea attacks
* Novofedorivka explosions
* Drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base
* Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters
* Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks
* Makiivka military quarters shelling
* Machulishchy air base attack
* Zarichne barracks airstrike

Resistance|

| Russian-occupied Ukraine|

* Popular Resistance of Ukraine
* Berdiansk Partisan Army
* Yellow Ribbon
* Atesh

|

Belarus and Russia|

* Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky
* Civic Council
* Irpin Declaration
* Killing of Darya Dugina
* National Republican Army
* Military commissariats arsons
* Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting
* Black Bridge
* Rail war in Russia
* Stop the Wagons
* Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists
* Rail war in Belarus
* Busly liaciać
* BYPOL
* Community of Railway Workers
* Cyber Partisans

Russian
occupations|

* Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine

| Ongoing|

* Annexation referendums
* Annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts
* Elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine
* Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine
* Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol
* Donetsk Oblast
* Kharkiv Oblast
* Kherson Oblast
* Luhansk Oblast
* Mykolaiv Oblast
* Zaporizhzhia Oblast

|

Previous|

* Chernihiv Oblast
* Dnipropetrovsk and Poltava oblasts
* Kyiv Oblast
* Odesa Oblast
* Sumy Oblast
* Zhytomyr Oblast

Potentially
related|

* Black Sea drone incident
* Mystery fires in Russia
* Nord Stream pipeline sabotage
* Transnistria attacks
* Zagreb Tu-141 crash

Other|

* 2022 Crimean Bridge explosion
* 2023 Crimean Bridge explosion
* Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy
* Coup d'état attempt in Ukraine
* Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War
* Violations of non-combatant airspaces
* Missile explosion in Poland
* Operation Synytsia
* Attacks in Russia
* Bryansk Oblast raid
* Kremlin drone attack
* Moscow drone strikes
* 2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions
* 30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling
* February 2024 Belgorod missile strike
* May 2024 Belgorod missile strike
* 2024 western Russia incursion
* 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive
* 2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia
* Wagner Group rebellion

War crimes

| General|

* Accusations of genocide in Donbas
* Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians
* child abductions
* Attacks on hospitals
* Cluster munitions
* Incendiary weapons
* Landmines
* Russian filtration camps
* Russian mobile crematoriums
* Russian theft of Ukrainian grain
* Russian torture chambers
* Looting
* Sexual violence
* Mistreatment of prisoners of war

|

Attacks on
civilians|

* February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing
* Kharkiv government building airstrike
* 3 March Chernihiv bombing
* Irpin refugee column shelling
* Mariupol hospital airstrike
* Stara Krasnianka care house attack
* Mykolaiv cluster bombing
* March 2022 Donetsk attack
* 2022 Borodianka airstrikes
* Chernihiv breadline attack
* Mariupol theatre airstrike
* Kyiv shopping centre bombing
* Sumykhimprom ammonia leak
* March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing
* Mykolaiv government building missile strike
* Bucha massacre
* Kramatorsk railway station attack
* April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing
* Bilohorivka school bombing
* Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz
* Maisky Market attack
* Kremenchuk shopping mall attack
* Serhiivka missile strike
* Chasiv Yar missile strike
* Olenivka prison massacre
* Kharkiv dormitories missile strike
* Chaplyne railway station attack
* Izium mass graves
* September 2022 Donetsk attack
* Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack
* Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling
* Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike
* Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure
* 2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike
* Sloviansk airstrike
* Uman missile strike
* Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike
* Lyman cluster bombing
* 2023 Pokrovsk missile strike
* Chernihiv missile strike
* Kostiantynivka missile strike
* Hroza missile attack
* Volnovakha massacre
* December 2023 strikes
* 2024 Pokrovsk missile strike
* 2024 Donetsk attack
* Lysychansk missile strike
* 6 March 2024 Odesa strike
* March 2024 strikes
* April 2024 Chernihiv missile strike
* May 2024 Kharkiv strikes
* 8 July 2024 strikes

Crimes
against
soldiers|

* Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan
* Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia
* Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites
* Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin
* Makiivka surrender incident
* Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi
* 2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading

Legal cases|

* ICC investigation
* Arrest warrants
* ICJ court case
* Task Force on Accountability
* Universal jurisdiction
* Crime of aggression
* Criminal proceedings
* Vadim Shishimarin
* Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov
* Anton Cherednik

Reactions

| States
and
official
entities|

| General|

* Sanctions
* people and organizations
* restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast
* Military aid
* European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine
* People's Bayraktar
* Signmyrocket.com
* Humanitarian aid
* Sanctioned yachts
* Relations with Russia

|

Ukraine|

* Application to NATO
* Be Brave Like Ukraine
* Brave1
* Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War
* Decolonization and derussification law
* Delta
* Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition
* For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)
* Grain From Ukraine
* Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief
* Hero City
* I Want to Live
* International Defence Industries Forum
* International Legion and other foreign units
* Belarusian Volunteer Corps
* Terror Battalion
* Black Maple Company
* Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade
* Freedom of Russia Legion
* German Volunteer Corps
* Karelian National Battalion
* Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment
* Norman Brigade
* Pahonia Regiment
* Polish Volunteer Corps
* Romanian Battlegroup Getica
* Russian Volunteer Corps
* Separate Special Purpose Battalion
* Sibir Battalion
* Turan Battalion
* International Sponsors of War
* Forced confiscation law of Russian property [ru; uk]
* Look for Your Own
* Martial law
* Mobilization
* Media Center Ukraine
* National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War [uk]
* National Multi-Subject Test [uk]
* North Korea–Ukraine relations
* Points of Invincibility
* Recognition of Ichkeria
* Rescuer City [uk]
* Save Ukrainian Culture [uk]
* Syria–Ukraine relations
* Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra
* United24
* United News

Russia|

* highways in the annexed territories
* A290
* A291 "Tavrida"
* R260
* R280 "Novorossiya"
* 2022 Moscow rally
* 2023 Moscow rally
* 2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade
* 2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade
* 2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade
* 2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly
* Blockade of Ukraine [ru]
* Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion
* Censorship in Russia [ru]
* Chechnya
* Pro-Ukrainian Chechen fighters
* Conmemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation" [ru]
* Conversations about Important Things
* Krasovsky case
* Legalization of parallel imports [ru]
* Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council
* Martial law
* Masha Moskalyova case
* Metropolis of Crimea
* Mikhail Simonov case
* Mobilization
* Recruitment of irregular forces [ru]
* Operation Doppelgänger
* Opinion polling [ru]
* Orthodox Christmas truce proposal
* Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict
* Russian Orthodox clergymen appeal against war
* Salvation Committee for Peace and Order
* Special Coordinating Council
* Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory
* Unfriendly countries list
* War censorship laws
* We Are Together. Sports
* "What Russia Should Do with Ukraine"

United States|

* 2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw
* 2022 State of the Union Address
* Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022
* Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023
* Disinformation Governance Board
* Executive Order 14071
* Pentagon document leaks
* Task Force KleptoCapture
* Ukraine Defense Contact Group
* Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act
* Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative

Other countries|

* Belarus
* Canada
* Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel
* China
* Chinese peace plan
* Croatia
* Denmark
* Danish European Union defence opt-out referendum
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Federated States of Micronesia–Russia relations [ru]
* France
* Mission Aigle
* Georgia [ru]
* Germany
* German Taurus controversy
* Taurus leak
* Zeitenwende speech
* Hungary [hu]
* India
* Operation Ganga
* Iran
* Israel
* Operation Israel Guarantees
* Lithuania
* Moldova
* New Zealand
* Russia Sanctions Act
* Poland
* border crisis with Ukraine
* Syria [ru]
* Taiwan [zh-yue]
* United Kingdom
* Economic Crime Act
* Homes for Ukraine
* Operation Interflex

United Nations|

* Emergency special session
* Resolution ES-11/1
* Resolution ES-11/2
* Resolution ES-11/3
* Resolution ES-11/4
* Resolution ES-11/5
* Resolution ES-11/6
* Security Council Resolution 2623
* Resolution A/RES/77/229
* Easter truce

International
organizations|

* Accession of Moldova to the EU
* Accession of Ukraine to the EU
* Brussels summit
* European Political Community
* 1st summit
* 2nd summit
* 3rd summit
* Madrid summit
* NATO virtual summit
* Operation Oscar
* Ramstein Air Base meeting
* EU–Ukraine Summit
* REPowerEU
* Steadfast Defender 2024
* SWIFT ban against Russian banks
* Ukraine Recovery Conference
* Versailles declaration
* 2023 Vilnius summit
* 15th BRICS summit
* 2024 Washington summit

Other|

* Consecration of Russia
* F-16 training coalition
* Finland–NATO relations
* Finland–Russia border barrier
* Iron diplomacy
* Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia
* Recognition of Russia as a terrorist state
* Removal of monuments and memorials
* Streets renamed
* Ukraine Square, Oslo
* Serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the invasion
* Sweden–NATO relations
* Swedish anti-terrorism bill

Public|

| Protests|

* In Ukraine
* in Russian-occupied Ukraine
* demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin
* ArmWomenNow
* Ukrainian Artistic Front
* In Russia
* Angry patriots
* Club of Angry Patriots
* Anti-War Committee
* Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople
* Congress of People's Deputies
* Council of Mothers and Wives
* Feminist Anti-War Resistance
* Flower protests
* Marina Ovsyannikova
* Russian Action Committee
* North Caucasian protests
* 2022 Russian Far East protests
* State Duma initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason
* White-blue-white flag
* In Belarus
* In China
* Great Translation Movement
* In Czech Republic
* Czech Republic First!

|

Companies|

* Address of the Russian Union of Rectors
* Boycott of Russia and Belarus
* "Do not buy Russian goods!"
* E.N.O.T. Corp.
* Igor Mangushev
* McDonald's in Russia
* Vkusno i tochka
* NashStore [ru]
* People's Satellite
* Starlink satellites
* Stop Bloody Energy
* Wagner Group
* Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev
* Death of Nemes Tarimo
* Yale CELI List of Companies

Technology|

* Anonymous and the invasion
* alerts.in.ua
* DDoS attacks on Romania
* DeepStateMap.Live
* IT Army of Ukraine
* Killnet
* Liveuamap
* Open-source intelligence
* peacenotwar
* Russian Asset Tracker
* Squad303 [pl]
* Ukraine Siren Alerts
* Wikipedia
* threat to block in Russia
* detention of Mark Bernstein

Spies|

* Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War
* Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War

Other|

* Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families
* Black Sea Grain Initiative
* Collaboration with Russia
* We Are Together with Russia
* Concert for Ukraine
* Free Buryatia Foundation
* Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum
* Game4Ukraine
* Get Lost
* Global Tour for Peace
* Go by the Forest
* Guide to the Free World
* Mozart Group
* Olena Zelenska Foundation
* Open letter from Nobel laureates
* Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion
* Rubikus.HelpUA
* Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation
* Russia's War Crimes House
* Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online
* Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation
* Spain letter bomb attacks
* Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions
* Pavel Filatyev
* True Russia
* Volos Declaration
* Wimbledon ban

Impact

| Effects|

* Aircraft losses
* Casualties
* Americans killed
* Britons killed
* Canadians killed
* Colombians killed
* Israelis killed
* journalists killed
* Russian generals killed
* Economic impact
* Inflation surge
* Moldovan energy crisis
* protests
* Russia–EU gas dispute
* 2022 Nord Stream pipeline sabotage
* Russian debt default
* 2022 Russian oil price cap
* 2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap
* EU natural gas price cap
* Education
* End of the Whisky War
* Environmental impact
* Eurovision Song Contest 2022
* Russia
* Ukraine
* Eurovision Song Contest 2023
* Food crises
* Impact on theatre [uk]
* List of notable deaths
* Nuclear power plants
* Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis
* Nuclear risk
* Religion
* Russian emigration
* The Ark [ru]
* Ship losses
* Ukrainian cultural heritage
* art theft and looting
* damaged cultural sites
* Trauma
* Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion
* Violations of non-combatant airspaces
* Women

|

Human
rights|

* Humanitarian impact
* Ukrainian refugee crisis
* Sobieskiego 100
* UN Commission of Inquiry
* UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission

Terms and
phrases|

* "And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from"
* "Anglo-Saxons"
* "Bavovna"
* "Grandpa in his bunker"
* "Good evening, we are from Ukraine"
* "Orc"
* "Putin khuylo!"
* "Khuy Voyne!"
* "Russia is here forever [uk]"
* "Russian warship, go fuck yourself"
* "Slava Ukraini!"
* "Special military operation"
* "To bomb Voronezh"
* "Strength is in truth"
* "Westsplaining"
* "Where have you been for eight years?"
* "Without you"

Popular
culture|

| Songs|

* 12
* Bakhmut Fortress
* Bayraktar
* Bilia topoli
* City of Mary
* Flowers of Minefields
* Generation Cancellation
* Generation Z
* Oyda
* Hey, Hey, Rise Up!
* Mama ŠČ!
* Oi u luzi chervona kalyna
* Slava Ukraini!
* Stefania
* Ukraine
* Crushed

|

Films|

* 20 Days in Mariupol
* A Rising Fury
* Follow Me
* Turn in the Wound
* Ukraine on Fire 2 [uk]

Other|

* Babylon'13
* Back to the Cold War
* Borodianka cat [uk]
* Ghost of Kyiv
* Kherson watermelon
* Královec Region
* Madonna of Kyiv
* North Atlantic Fella Organization
* Newspeak in Russia [ru; uk]
* Patron
* "Putler"
* "Putinversteher"
* Raccoon of Kherson
* Saint Javelin
* Saint Mariuburg [ru; uk]
* Vasylkiv maiolica rooster
* Vladimir Putin's meeting table
* Walk of the Brave
* "Z" military symbol

Key people

| Ukrainians|

* Volodymyr Zelenskyy
* speeches during the invasion
* visit to the United States
* visit to the United Kingdom
* visits to Europe
* Andriy Biletsky
* Denys Shmyhal
* Denys Kireyev
* Denys Monastyrsky
* Denys Prokopenko
* Iryna Venediktova
* Kyrylo Budanov
* Mykola Oleschuk
* Oleksandr Pavlyuk
* Oleksandr Syrskyi
* Oleksii Reznikov
* Oleksiy Danilov
* Oleksiy Neizhpapa
* Ruslan Khomchak
* Rustem Umerov
* Sergiy Kyslytsya
* Serhiy Shaptala
* Serhii Sternenko
* Valerii Zaluzhnyi
* Vitali Klitschko
* Yevhen Moisiuk

|

Russians|

* Vladimir Putin
* Aleksandr Dvornikov
* Aleksandr Lapin
* Aleksey Nagin
* Alexander Bortnikov
* Andrei Kolesnikov
* Andrei Sychevoi
* Andrey Belousov
* Andrey Vorobyov
* Dmitry Medvedev
* Gennady Zhidko
* Igor Kastyukevich
* Ivan Popov
* Mikhail Mishustin
* Maria Lvova-Belova
* Nikolai Patrushev
* Oleg Salyukov
* Oleg Tsokov
* Ramzan Kadyrov
* Roman Berdnikov
* Rustam Muradov
* Sergey Kobylash
* Sergey Lavrov
* Sergey Naryshkin
* Sergei Shoigu
* Sergey Surovikin
* Timur Ivanov
* Valery Gerasimov
* Viktor Sokolov
* Viktor Zolotov
* Vitaly Gerasimov
* Vyacheslav Gladkov
* Vyacheslav Volodin
* Yevgeny Prigozhin

Other|

* Alexander Lukashenko
* Denis Pushilin
* Leonid Pasechnik

Related

* 2023 North Korea–Russia summit
* 2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash
* Anti-Russian sentiment
* Anti-Ukrainian sentiment
* Antonov An-225 Mriya
* Azovstal Iron and Steel Works
* Belgorod accidental bombing
* Brovary helicopter crash
* Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes
* Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death
* Decolonization in Ukraine
* Decommunization in Ukraine
* Derussification in Ukraine
* Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine
* Foreign leaders that have visited during the invasion
* Institute for the Study of War
* Irkutsk military aircraft crash
* Ivanovo Ilyushin Il-76 crash
* Kyivstar cyberattack [ru; uk]
* Lady R incident
* Nord Stream 2
* Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria
* Punisher
* Russian nuclear weapons
* Sarmat
* Russian military presence in Transnistria
* Ryazan military aircraft crash
* Siberian wildfires
* Sinhury mid-air collision [uk; zh]
* Soloti military training ground shooting
* Soviet imagery
* U-24 association
* Ukrainian conscription crisis
* Ural Airlines Flight 1383
* Voronezh military aircraft crash
* "The Vladimir Putin Interview"
* Yeysk military aircraft crash
* Moldovan coup d'état attempt allegations
* 2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine
* 2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine
* 2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia
* 2023 visit by Yoon Suk Yeol to Ukraine
* Wagner Group plane crash
* Yaroslav Hunka scandal

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