Terrorism in the United Kingdom

The aftermath of the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103, which killed 270 people. It was the deadliest terrorist attack in UK history. Part of a series on

Terrorism

* Definitions
* History
* Incidents

By ideology

* Anarchist
* Communist
* Left-wing/Far-left
* Narcotics-driven
* Nationalist
* Zionist
* Palestinian
* Right-wing/Far-right

Religious

* Buddhist
* Christian
* Mormon
* Hindu
* Islamic
* Jewish
* Zionist

Special-interest / Single-issue

* Suffragette
* Anti-abortion
* Green/Ecological
* Misogynist

Related topics

* Violent extremism
* Ethnic conflict
* Resistance movement

Organizational structures

* Financing
* Fronting
* Radicalization (online)
* Training camp
* Death squad
* Clandestine cell system
* Leaderless resistance
* Lone wolf
* Domestic

* Methods
* Tactics

* Agro-terrorism
* Aircraft hijacking (list)
* Beheading
* Bombing
* Animal-borne
* Car (list)
* Improvised
* Letter
* Threat
* Proxy
* Bioterrorism
* Cyberterrorism
* Dry run
* Environmental
* Hostage-taking
* Individual terror
* Insurgency
* Kidnapping
* Nuclear
* Paper
* Piracy
* Propaganda of the deed
* Shooting
* School
* Spree
* Stabbing
* Suicide attack (list)
* Rockets and mortars
* Urban terrorism
* Vehicle-ramming

Terrorist groups

* Designated terrorist groups
* Charities accused of ties to terrorism

Relationship to states

* Violent non-state actors
* Islamic State

State terrorism

* Kazakhstan
* Soviet Union
* United States
* Uzbekistan

State-sponsored terrorism

* Iran
* Israel
* Kuwait
* Libya
* Pakistan
* Qatar
* Russia (Soviet Union)
* Saudi Arabia
* Syria
* United States
* Venezuela

Response to terrorism

* Counterterrorism
* Anti-terrorism legislation
* Terrorism insurance
* War on terror

* v
* t
* e

Terrorist incidents map of the United Kingdom 1970–2015, with a total of 4,972 incidents plotted. Northern Ireland and London are major hotspots for incidents.

Terrorism in the United Kingdom, according to the Home Office, poses a significant threat to the state.[1] There have been various causes of terrorism in the UK. Before the 2000s, most attacks were linked to the Northern Ireland conflict (the Troubles). In the late 20th century there were also attacks by Islamic terrorist groups. Since 1970, there have been at least 3,395 terrorist-related deaths in the UK, the highest in western Europe.[2] The vast majority of the deaths were linked to the Northern Ireland conflict and happened in Northern Ireland.[2] In mainland Great Britain, there were 430 terrorist-related deaths between 1971 and 2001. Of these, 125 deaths were linked to the Northern Ireland conflict,[3] and 305 deaths were linked to other causes,[4] including 270 in the Lockerbie bombing.[4] Since 2001, there have been almost 100 terrorist-related deaths in Great Britain.

The UK’s CONTEST strategy aims to prevent terrorism and other forms of extremism.[5] It places a responsibility on education and health bodies to report individuals who are deemed to be at risk of radicalisation.[5]: 35 The 2023 CONTEST report indicated that 75 per cent of the Security Service (MI5)'s caseload was from monitoring Islamist threats.[6] In 2023, 80% of the Counter Terrorism Police network’s live investigations were Islamist while 10% were extreme Right-Wing.[7] In 2024, polling by YouGov found that half of the public in Great Britain believed that Islamic extremists were the biggest extremist threat. 76% considered Islamic extremists to be a “big” or “moderate" threat, although attitudes differed significantly along political lines.[8]

1,834 people were arrested in the UK from September 2001 to December 2009 in connection with terrorism, of which 422 were charged with terrorism-related offences and 237 were convicted.[9]

## History

[edit]

Terrorism deaths in Western Europe 1970-2017, based on the Global Terrorism Database. The UK is presented in red. Terrorist incidents in United Kingdom[10][11] Year | Number of
incidents | Deaths | Injuries

|
|
|

2017 | 122 | 42 | 301
2016 | 104 | 9 | 20
2015 | 115 | 1 | 23
2014 | 103 | 0 | 4
2013 | 137 | 4 | 64
2012 | 51 | 1 | 2
2011 | 47 | 1 | 3
2010 | 57 | 0 | 22
2009 | 22 | 3 | 12
2008 | 39 | 0 | 8
2007 | 20 | 4 | 13
2006 | 6 | 0 | 0
2005 | 25 | 57 | 836
2004 | 5 | 0 | 2
2003 | 23 | 2 | 11
2002 | 21 | 2 | 13
2001 | 94 | 8 | 33
2000 | 61 | 7 | 28
1999 | 76 | 7 | 161
1998 | 63 | 46 | 259
1997 | 78 | 23 | 35
1996 | 36 | 14 | 395
1995 | 22 | 11 | 5
1994 | 256 | 66 | 177
1993 | 7 | 31 | 204
1992 | 274 | 94 | 453
1991 | 262 | 88 | 235
1990 | 147 | 76 | 123
1989 | 163 | 66 | 174
1988 | 181 | 372 | 263
1987 | 118 | 104 | 120
1986 | 95 | 63 | 80
1985 | 67 | 64 | 175
1984 | 145 | 69 | 249
1983 | 177 | 77 | 186
1982 | 95 | 95 | 152
1981 | 143 | 86 | 118
1980 | 135 | 115 | 115
1979 | 238 | 133 | 146
1978 | 100 | 81 | 113
1977 | 140 | 103 | 17
1976 | 194 | 264 | 19
1975 | 194 | 245 | 129
1974 | 202 | 235 | 329
1973 | 189 | 210 | 275
1972 | 283 | 368 | 37
1971 | 81 | 110 | 1
1970 | 12 | 20 | 1
Total | 5,218 | 3,447 | 5,937

There have been many historically significant terrorist incidents within the United Kingdom, from the Gunpowder Plot of 1605[12][13] to the various attacks related to The Troubles of Northern Ireland. In recent history, the UK security services have focused on the threat posed by radical Islamic militant organisations within the UK, such as the cell responsible for the 7 July 2005 London bombings.

* For incidents in Great Britain, see List of terrorist incidents in Great Britain and List of terrorist incidents in London.
* For incidents in Northern Ireland, see Timeline of the Northern Ireland Troubles.

The British state has been accused of involvement in state terrorism in Northern Ireland.[14][15][16][17]

A "restricted" 12 June 2008 MI5 analysis of "several hundred individuals known to be involved in, or closely associated with, violent extremist activity" concludes that British Islamist terrorists "are a diverse collection of individuals, fitting no single demographic profile, nor do they all follow a typical pathway to violent extremism".[18] Around half were born in the United Kingdom, the majority are British nationals and the remainder, with a few exceptions, are in the country legally. Most UK terrorists are male, but women are sometimes aware of their husbands', brothers' or sons' activities. While the majority are in their early to mid-20s when they become radicalised, a small but not insignificant minority first become involved in violent extremism over the age of 30. Those over 30 are just as likely to have a wife and children as to be loners with no ties. MI5 says this challenges the idea that terrorists are young Muslim men driven by sexual frustration and lured to "martyrdom" by the promise of beautiful virgins waiting for them in paradise.[18] Those involved in Islamist terrorism have educational achievement ranging from total lack of qualifications to degree-level education. However, they are almost all employed in low-grade jobs.[18] Far from being religious zealots, a large number of those involved in terrorism do not practise their faith regularly. Many lack religious literacy and could actually be regarded as religious novices. Very few have been brought up in strongly religious households, and there is a higher than average proportion of converts. Some are involved in drug-taking, drinking alcohol and visiting prostitutes. The report claims a well-established religious identity actually protects against violent radicalisation, while the influence of clerics in radicalising Islamist terrorists has reduced in recent years.[18]

On 29 August 2014, the British government launched a raft of counter-terrorism measures as the terrorist threat level was raised to "severe". Prime Minister David Cameron and Home Secretary Theresa May warned a terrorist attack was "highly likely", following the coming to prominence of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).[19]

On 22 May 2017, 23 people were killed after a bombing occurred following a concert by Ariana Grande in the most deadly terrorist attack on British soil since 2005.[20] After a Cabinet Office Briefing Rooms meeting, UK Prime Minister Theresa May announced that the UK's terror threat level was being raised to 'critical', its highest level.[21] By raising the threat level to "critical", Operation Temperer was started, allowing 5,000 soldiers to replace armed police in protecting parts of the country.[22][23] BBC's Frank Gardner said that the first deployment of troops is expected to be in the hundreds.[24]

There have been calls for the publication of a report into the finance of terrorism which the government said they left unpublished for security reasons. Tim Farron said, "Theresa May should be ashamed of the way she has dragged her heels on this issue, first as home secretary and now as prime minister. No amount of trade with dodgy regimes such as Saudi Arabia is worth putting the safety of the British public at risk, and if May is serious about our security, she would publish the report in full, immediately."[25]

From June 2016 to June 2017, 379 people in the UK had been arrested for terrorism-linked offences with 123 of them being charged, 105 of them for terrorism offences. This was a 68% increase from the previous year which was partly due to various Islamist terror attacks on UK soil such as the Manchester bombing, the London Bridge attack, and the Westminster attack. The report also said that 19 terrorist plots had been foiled by British police since June 2013.[26]

Jihadist material including bomb making instructions and execution videos gets more clicks in the UK than in any other European nation and is spread among a wide range of different domains. Internet companies have been accused of not preventing this. New measures are being considered to stop internet providers from showing this type of content including fines for internet companies that do not remove jihadist material. David Petraeus said the Parsons Green bomb could have been made from online instructions. Petraeus noted the technical and other skill of the terrorist websites and added, "It is clear that our counter-extremism efforts and other initiatives to combat extremism online have, until now, been inadequate. There is no doubting the urgency of this matter. The status quo clearly is unacceptable."[27]

Police chief, Sara Thornton fears cuts to the police budget will weaken counter terrorism. Thornton maintains resources needed to deal with terrorist incidents are brought from mainstream policing adding to the strain on general policing. Thornton maintains neighbourhood policing is important because it gives people confidence in the police. Then confident people give the police information needed to prevent terrorist attacks. Thornton said, "Fewer officers and police community support officers will cut off the intelligence that is so crucial to preventing attacks. Withdrawal from communities risks undermining their trust in us at a time when we need people to have the confidence to share information with us." Thornton also said, "Experts tell us that the spate of attacks in the UK and Europe are a shift not a spike in the threat, which will take 20 or 30 years to eliminate. This new normality necessitates an open-minded dialogue with government about how we respond; and our resources have got to be part of the conversation."[28][29]

On July 5, 2025, British police arrested more than 20 individuals in London on suspicion of terrorism-related offences, following public expressions of support for Palestine Action, a group that had been proscribed under the Terrorism Act. The UK government had announced the ban in June 2025, citing a series of direct actions carried out by the group, including an incident in which activists broke into a Royal Air Force base and damaged two aircraft in protest against the UK's ties with Israel.[30]

## Organisations

[edit]

This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2025)

|

Counter Terrorism Policing is the national collaboration of police forces across the United Kingdom responsible for counter terrorism operations and strategy.

As of March 2018[update] the British government has designated 58 organisations as terrorist and banned them. 44 of these organisations were banned under the Terrorism Act of 2000. Two of these were also banned under the Terrorism Act of 2006 for "glorifying terrorism." Other than the far-right neo-Nazi National Action, the other fourteen organisations operate (for the most part) in Northern Ireland, and were banned under previous legislation.[1]

Organisations the government has designated as terrorist and banned are:[1]

### Ulster unionist

[edit]

* Ulster Defence Association/Ulster Freedom Fighters
* Ulster Volunteer Force
* Loyalist Volunteer Force
* Orange Volunteers
* Red Hand Commandos
* Red Hand Defenders

### Far-right

[edit]

Further information: List of neo-Nazi organizations § United Kingdom

In 2023, 10% of the Counter Terrorism Police network’s live investigations were extreme Right-Wing.[7] Far-right terrorism has been labelled as the fastest growing terror threat due to previously making up only 6% of cases. The number of arrests, referrals and terror plots relating to far-right ideologies have increased sharply since 2017.[31]

* Atomwaffen Division
* National Action
* The Base

### Far-left

[edit]

* Kurdistan Workers Party
* Revolutionary People's Liberation Party-Front

### Irish republican

[edit]

* Continuity Irish Republican Army
* Cumann na mBan
* Fianna Éireann
* Irish National Liberation Army
* Irish People's Liberation Organisation
* Irish Republican Army
* Saor Éire

### Islamist

[edit]

According to political scientist Gilles Kepel, the jihadi violence is rooted in Islamic fundamentalism in the form of Salafism, an ideology that clashes with the values of Western democracies and which entered the United Kingdom when the country gave shelter to radical Islamist leaders from around the world in London.[32] According to Kepel, an individual progresses into violence by first becoming a salafist. Further, he states that salafist ideology has led to attacking targets which symbolizes Western culture, such as the concerts at Manchester and in the Bataclan theater or deliberately timing attacks to interfere with democratic elections.[32] Scholar Olivier Roy disagrees, saying that the majority of Islamic terrorists are radicals first and are drawn to fundamentalist Islam as a result.[33] He has argued that there's no evidence that they go from Salafism to terrorism, noting that Islamic terrorist Abdelhamid Abaaoud was known to violate religious rules about halal food.[34] Roy has also argued that the burkini bans and secularist policies of France provoked religious violence in France, to which Kepel responded that Britain has no such policies and still suffered several jihadist attacks in 2017.[32]

In the 2000s, there was an increase in the number of British Pakistanis traveling to training camps in the Pashtun regions of Pakistan to join Al-Qaeda and other jihadist groups. The British government received early warnings of this radicalization trend among British Muslims in March 2004, when security authorities foiled the "fertilizer bomb plot" orchestrated by a cell of jihadists of Pakistani origin. The most significant event illustrating this trend was the 7 July 2005 London bombings, a series of suicide bombings in the London Underground which resulted in fifty-two deaths and over seven hundred injuries. The perpetrators had been trained in an Al-Qaeda camp on the Pakistani side of the Afghan–Pakistani border.[35]

In July 2017, it was reported that British authorities had stripped some 150 suspected criminals with dual citizenship of their British passport, to prevent them from returning to the UK. Those deprived of their UK citizenship included both "jihadis" and "jihadi brides".[36]

In October 2020, Islamist terrorism remained the greatest threat to the UK by volume according to Ken McCallum, the Director General of MI5.[37] A report published in the same year found that of the 43,000 extremists on MI5's watchlist, around nine-tenths of the people on the list are Islamist extremists.[38] In July 2023, Suella Braverman, the Home Secretary of the United Kingdom, reiterated that Islamic terrorism was the primary domestic threat facing the UK.[39] Islamic terrorism represented 67% of attacks since 2018, 75% of MI5's caseload, and 64% of those in custody for terrorism-connected offences according to the 2023 CONTEST report.[6]

The Independent Reviewer for the government's anti-terror programme (Prevent), Sir William Shawcross, has stated that there was a reluctance to investigate Islamist threats due to fears of being labelled Islamophobic or racist. Instead, staff from the government's anti-terror programme were biased towards tackling far-right threats despite Islamist threats posing a greater risk.[40] His investigation found that 80% of the Counter Terrorism Police network’s live investigations were Islamist. However, Shawcross found that the majority (51%) of Prevent referrals were for mixed, unstable or unclear (MUU) ideology concerns, followed by extreme right-wing ideology at 25%, and Islamist related radicalisation made up only 22% of referrals.[7] Trevor Phillips, former Chairman of the Equality and Human Rights Commission, argues that the collapse in Islamist referrals from 2019 onwards coincided with a publication of a report from a group of MPs led by Wes Streeting calling for the definition of Islamophobia to be expanded to include "expressions of Muslimness". Previously, Prevent received around 3,500 Islamist referrals a year making up about 45% of all referrals. However, the number of Islamist referrals collapsed to 1,500 once dozens of local authorities and other bodies, including the Labour Party, adopted the looser definition of Islamophobia. Meanwhile the number of right wing referrals remained the same, however "no ideology" referrals increased rapidly to 2,500 with Philips arguing some of these cases would have previously been categorised as Islamist referrals and been investigated.[41]

In October 2024, Ken McCallum indicated that the terrorist threat trend he was most concerned about was the worsening threat from Al-Qaeda and in particular from Islamic State. Roughly 75% of counter terrorist work remained from Islamist threats, although he highlighted that threats were becoming more sophisticated with people consuming both extreme Right Wing and Islamist extremist instructional material. Lone individuals radicalised online made up the majority of threats.[42][43]

* Abdullah Azzam Brigades, including the Ziyad al Jarrah Battalions (AAB)
* Abu Nidal Organisation
* Abu Sayyaf
* Aden-Abyan Islamic Army
* Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya
* Al Ghurabaa
* Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya
* Al-Muhajiroun
* Al Murabitun
* Al Qaeda
* Al-Shabaab
* Ansar al-Islam
* Ansar Al Sharia Tunisia
* Ansaru
* Ansar Bait al-Maqdis
* Ansarul Muslimina Fi Biladis Sudan (Vanguard for the protection of Muslims in Black Africa)
* Armed Islamic Group also known as GIA
* Asbat al-Ansar
* Egyptian Islamic Jihad
* Hamas
* Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen
* Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami
* Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
* Harkat-ul-Ansar
* Hezbollah
* Imarat Kavkaz (IK) (also known as the Caucasus Emirate)
* Indian Mujahideen
* Islam4UK
* Islamic Jihad Union
* Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
* Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
* Jaish-e-Mohammed
* Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna (formerly Jaish Ansar al-Sunna)
* Jamaat Ul-Furquan
* Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen
* Jemaah Islamiyah
* Jundallah
* Kateeba al Kawthar
* Khuddam ul-Islam
* Lashkar-e-Jhangvi
* Lashkar-e-Toiba
* Minbar Ansar Deen
* Moroccan Islamic Combatant Group
* Muslims Against Crusades
* Palestinian Islamic Jihad
* Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command
* Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat
* The Saved Sect
* Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (also known as Ahle Sunnat Wal Jamaat)
* Tehrik Nefaz-e Shari'at Muhammadi
* Tehrik-e Taliban Pakistan

### Others

[edit]

* Babbar Khalsa
* Balochistan Liberation Army
* Palestine Action

## See also

[edit]

* Crime in the United Kingdom
* Islamic terrorism in the United Kingdom
* Prevention of Terrorism Act (Northern Ireland)
* Right-wing terrorism in the United Kingdom
* Islamic terrorism in Europe
* List of terrorist incidents
* Hindu terrorism
* Violence against Christians in India
* Violence against Muslims in independent India
* Left-wing terrorism
* Right-wing terrorism
* Terrorism in the United States
* Terrorism Acts
* The Troubles
* State-sponsored terrorism § United Kingdom

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c "List of proscribed terrorist groups" (PDF). Gov.uk. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
2. ^ a b "How many people are killed by terrorist attacks in the UK?"". The Telegraph. 5 June 2017.
3. ^ "Sutton Index of Deaths: Geographical Location of the death". Conflict Archive on the Internet. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
4. ^ a b Douglas, Roger. Law, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Terrorism. University of Michigan Press, 2014. p.18
5. ^ a b CONTEST The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering Terrorism (PDF). HM Government. 2018. ISBN 978-1-5286-0209-9.
6. ^ a b "CONTEST: The United Kingdom's Strategy for Countering Terrorism 2023" (PDF). gov.uk. Home Office. Retrieved 18 July 2023.
7. ^ a b c Shawcross, William. "Independent Review of Prevent" (PDF). Home Office. Retrieved 8 February 2023.
8. ^ Smith, Matthew. "Which extremists do Britons see as threats in 2024?". YouGov. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
9. ^ Alan Travis. "No terror arrests in 100,000 police counter-terror searches, figures show". The Guardian. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
10. ^ National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism. (2016). Global Terrorism Database (globalterrorismdb_0616dist.xlsx). Retrieved from https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd University of Maryland
11. ^ National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism. (2016). Global Terrorism Database (gtd1993_0616dist.xlsx). Retrieved from https://www.start.umd.edu/gtd University of Maryland
12. ^ Larabee, Ann (1 May 2021). "Unspeakable: Literature and Terrorism from the Gunpowder Plot to 9/11 . Peter C. Herman. New York: Routledge, 2020. Pp. viii+211". Modern Philology. 118 (4): E230 – E232. doi:10.1086/712496.
13. ^ Hamourtziadou; Jackson (2018). "5/11: Revisiting the Gunpowder Plot". Journal of Global Faultlines. 5 (1–2): 91. doi:10.13169/jglobfaul.5.1-2.0091.1–2&rft.pages=91&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info:doi/10.13169/jglobfaul.5.1-2.0091&rft.au=Hamourtziadou&rft.au=Jackson&rft_id=http://www.open-access.bcu.ac.uk/7257/1/Gunpowder.docx&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Terrorism+in+the+United+Kingdom" class="Z3988">
14. ^ "CAIN: Issues: Collusion - Chronology of Events in the Stevens Inquiries". Cain.ulst.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
15. ^ Dr Martin Melaugh. "CAIN: Issues: Violence: Stevens Enquiry (3) Overview and Recommendations, 17 April 2003". Cain.ulst.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
16. ^ "Report of the Independent International Panel on Alleged Collusion in Sectarian Killings in Northern Ireland" (PDF). Patfinucanecentre.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
17. ^ "Village - Politics, Media and Current Affairs in Ireland - 'I'm lucky to be above the ground'". 2006-11-16. Archived from the original on 2007-11-20. Retrieved 2016-01-28.
18. ^ a b c d Travis, Alan (2008-08-21). "MI5 report challenges views on terrorism in Britain Exclusive: Sophisticated analysis says there is no single pathway to violent extremism". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2008-08-23.
19. ^ Coates, Sam; Hamilton, Fiona (30 August 2014). "Security crackdown amid severe terror threat". The Times. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
20. ^ Dodd, Vikram; Pidd, Helen; Rawlinson, Kevin; Siddique, Haroon; MacAskill, Ewen (23 May 2017). "At least 22 killed, 59 injured in suicide attack at Manchester Arena". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
21. ^ "Latest updates as UK terror threat level raise". BBC News. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
22. ^ "PM Theresa May raises UK threat level to 'critical'". ITV News. 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017. "Raising the level to critical means that military personnel could be deployed to support armed police officers - part of a plan known as Operation Temperer."
23. ^ Alan Travis [@alantravis40] (23 May 2017). "PM says Critical Threat level's Operation Temperer will use up to 5,000 troops to take over armed police patrol duties under police command" (Tweet). Retweeted by The Guardian - via Twitter.
24. ^ Gardner, Frank (23 May 2017). "Threat level raised: Latest updates". BBC News. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
25. ^ 9/11 survivors urge May to publish UK terror funding report The Guardian
26. ^ Travis, Alan (14 September 2017). "UK terror arrests rise 68% to record level during year of attacks". the Guardian. Retrieved 19 July 2018.
27. ^ Travis, Alan (2017-09-18). "Britain has large audience for online jihadist propaganda, report says". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2025-05-07.
28. ^ "UK's terror fight 'puts unsustainable strain on police'". BBC News. 2017-09-22. Retrieved 2025-05-07.
29. ^ Dodd, Vikram (2017-09-21). "Don't cut police anti-terror budget as threat grows, warns top officer". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2025-05-07.
30. ^ M, Muvija (2025-07-05). "UK police arrest over 20 supporters of now banned pro-Palestine group". Reuters. Retrieved 2025-07-07.
31. ^ Dodd, Vikram; Grierson, Jamie (19 September 2019). "Fastest-growing UK terrorist threat is from far right, say police". The Guardian.
32. ^ a b c Lerner, Davide (2017-06-14). "London Gave Shelter to Radical Islam and Now It's Paying the Price, French Terrorism Expert Says". Haaretz. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
33. ^ Lerner, Davide (2017-08-20). "It's Not Islam That Drives Young Europeans to Jihad, France's Top Terrorism Expert Explains". Haaretz. Retrieved 2018-06-10.
34. ^ "'That Ignoramus': 2 French Scholars of Radical Islam Turn Bitter Rivals". 12 July 2016. Retrieved 2018-07-19. "'There is no proof that shows the young men go from Salafism to terrorism,' Mr. Roy said, pointing out that the planner of the Paris attacks in November, Abdelhamid Abaaoud, ate McDonald's, which is not halal. 'None of the terrorists were Salafists.'"
35. ^ Steinberg, Guido (2013). "Unlikely Internationalists: Putting German Jihadism into Perspective". German Jihad: On the Internationalization of Islamist Terrorism. Columbia studies in terrorism and irregular warfare. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. pp. 27–28\. ISBN 978-0-231-50053-1.
36. ^ "UK 'has stripped 150 jihadists and criminals of citizenship'". the Guardian. Press Association. 2017-07-30. Retrieved 2018-02-23.
37. ^ "Director General Ken McCallum makes first public address | MI5 – The Security Service". www.mi5.gov.uk. Retrieved 2020-10-18.
38. ^ Mendick, Robert (23 June 2020). "Stabbing suspect was assessed by anti-terror programme". The Telegraph.
39. ^ "UK terrorism risk is rising - Suella Braverman". BBC News. 18 July 2023.
40. ^ Hymas, Charles (21 February 2024). "Islamist extremism 'not being effectively tackled by Government'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
41. ^ Phillips, Trevor (27 January 2025). "Time for honest questions about race and terror". The Times.
42. ^ McCallum, Ken. "Director General Ken McCallum gives latest threat update". MI5 Security Service. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
43. ^ Farrell, Jason (8 October 2024). "Russia trying to create 'mayhem' on UK streets, MI5 boss warns". Sky News.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Blackbourn, Jessie. "Counter-Terrorism and Civil Liberties: The United Kingdom Experience, 1968-2008." Journal of the Institute of Justice and International Studies 8 (2008): 63+
* Bonner, David. "United Kingdom: the United Kingdom response to terrorism." Terrorism and Political Violence 4.4 (1992): 171-205. online
* Chin, Warren. Britain and the war on terror: Policy, strategy and operations (Routledge, 2016).
* Clutterbuck, Lindsay. "Countering Irish Republican terrorism in Britain: Its origin as a police function." Terrorism and Political Violence 18.1 (2006) pp: 95-118.
* Greer, Steven. "Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in the UK: From Northern Irish Troubles to Global Islamist Jihad." in Counter-Terrorism, Constitutionalism and Miscarriages of Justice (Hart Publishing, 2018) pp. 45–62.
* Hamilton, Claire. "Counter-Terrorism in the UK." in Contagion, Counter-Terrorism and Criminology (Palgrave Pivot, Cham, 2019) pp. 15–47.
* Hewitt, Steve. "Great Britain: Terrorism and counter-terrorism since 1968." in Routledge Handbook of Terrorism and Counterterrorism (Routledge, 2018) pp. 540–551.
* Lennon, Genevieve and Walker, Clive (eds.), Routledge Handbook of Law and Terrorism (Routledge, Abingdon, 2015)
* Martínez-Peñas, Leandro, and Manuela Fernández-Rodríguez. "Evolution of British Law on Terrorism: From Ulster to Global Terrorism (1970–2010)." in Post 9/11 and the State of Permanent Legal Emergency (Springer, 2012) pp. 201–222.
* O'Day, Alan. "Northern Ireland, Terrorism, and the British State." in Terrorism: Theory and Practice (Routledge, 2019) pp. 121–135.
* Sacopulos, Peter J. "Terrorism in Britain: Threat, reality, response." Studies in Conflict & Terrorism 12.3 (1989): 153-165.
* Staniforth, Andrew, and Fraser Sampson, eds. The Routledge companion to UK counter-terrorism (Routledge, 2012).
* Sinclair, Georgina. "Confronting terrorism: British Experiences past and present." Crime, Histoire & Sociétés/Crime, History & Societies 18.2 (2014): 117-122. online
* Tinnes, Judith, ed. "Bibliography: Northern Ireland conflict (the troubles)." Perspectives on Terrorism 10.1 (2016): 83-110. online
* Walker, Clive, The Anti-Terrorism Legislation (Third edition, Oxford University Press, 2014)
* Walker, C., Llobet Anglí, M., and Cancio Meliá,M. (eds.), Precursor Crimes of Terrorism: The Criminalisation of Terrorism Risk in Comparative Perspective (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2022)
* Wilkinson, Paul, ed. Terrorism: British Perspectives (Dartmouth, 1993).

## External links

[edit]

* Efforts to curb politicised Islam backfiring - study
* DEAD LINK: Pak-UK talks for joint framework on anti-terrorism Open this result in new window
* MI5 watch 2,000 terror suspects Archived 2013-04-19 at archive.today BBC News, May 4, 2007.
* Counter Terrorism Policing

* v
* t
* e

Terrorism in the United Kingdom

Attacks|

| 1880s|

* Fenian (1881-1885)
* London Bridge (1884)

|

1960s|

* El Al Flight 426 (1968)

1970s|

* Crossmaglen (1970)
* Belfast (1971)
* Ballymurphy (1971)
* Red Lion Pub (1971)
* McGurk's Bar (1971)
* Balmoral Furniture Company (1971)
* Aldershot (1972)
* Abercorn (1972)
* Dungiven (1972)
* Springhill (1972)
* Belfast (1972)
* Claudy (1972)
* Newry (1972)
* London Israeli Embassy (1972)
* Benny's Bar (1972)
* Top of the Hill (1972)
* New Lodge Six (1973)
* Old Bailey (1973)
* Westminster (1973)
* Thomas Niedermayer (1973)
* M62 (1974)
* Rose & Crown Bar (1974)
* Houses of Parliament (1974)
* Tower of London (1974)
* British Airways (1974)
* Sandy Row (1974)
* Birmingham (1974)
* London (1974)
* Guildford (1974)
* Bristol (1974)
* West Kensington (1975)
* Mountainview Tavern (1975)
* Strand Bar (1975)
* Bleary Darts Club (1975)
* Caterham Arms (1975)
* Northern Ireland (1975)
* Piccadilly (1975)
* Balcombe Street (1975)
* Donnelly's Bar and Kay's Tavern (1975)
* Biddy Mulligan's (1975)
* Central Bar (1975)
* Reavey and O'Dowd (1976)
* Kingsmill (1976)
* West Ham (1976)
* Hillcrest (1976)
* Olympia (1976)
* Charlemont (1976)
* Chlorane Bar (1976)
* Walker's Bar (1976)
* Balmoral Furniture Company (1976)
* La Mon (1978)
* London (1978)
* Glasgow (1979)
* Westminster (1979)

1980s|

* Dunmurry (1980)
* Iranian Embassy (1980)
* Altnaveigh (1981)
* Chelsea Barracks (1981)
* African National Congress headquarters (1982)
* London (1982)
* Hyde Park and Regent's Park (1982)
* Droppin Well (1982)
* Darkley (1983)
* Harrods (1983)
* Birmingham (1984)
* Heathrow Airport (1984)
* Brighton (1984)
* Newry (1985)
* Ballygawley (1985)
* El Al Flight 016 (1986)
* Loughgall (1987)
* Enniskillen (1987)
* Milltown Cemetery (1988)
* Andersonstown (1988)
* Avenue Bar (1988)
* Pan Am Flight 103 (1988)
* Deal (1989)
* Derryard (1989)

1990s|

* Wembley (1990)
* Carlton Club (1990)
* London Stock Exchange (1990)
* Hankham (1990)
* Downing Street (1991)
* Paddington and Victoria (1991)
* Cappagh (1991)
* Craigavon (March 1991)
* Musgrave Park Hospital (1991)
* Craigavon (November 1991)
* Teebane (1992)
* Sean Graham's (1992)
* Baltic Exchange (1992)
* Staples Corner (1992)
* Cloghoge (1992)
* Sussex Arms (1992)
* James Murray's (1992)
* Stoke Newington Road (1992)
* Harrods (1993)
* Warrington (1993)
* Camden Town (1993)
* Castlerock (1993)
* Bishopsgate (1993)
* Bournemouth (1993)
* Finchley Road (1993)
* Shankill Road (1993)
* Greysteel (1993)
* Heathrow (1994)
* Loughinisland (1994)
* London Israeli Embassy (1994)
* Docklands (1996)
* Aldwych (1996)
* Manchester (1996)
* Thiepval (1996)
* Ballymoney (1998)
* Banbridge (1998)
* Omagh (1998)
* London (1999)

2000s|

* SIS Building (2000)
* BBC Television Centre (2001)
* Ealing (2001)
* Birmingham (2001)
* London (7 July, 2005)
* London (21 July, 2005)
* London (2007)
* Glasgow Airport (2007)
* Exeter (2008)
* Massereene Barracks (2009)
* Craigavon (2009)

2010s|

* Newry (2010)
* Beckton (2010)
* Omagh (2011)
* M1 Motorway (2012)
* Woolwich (2013)
* Green Lane Mosque (2013)
* Birstall (2016)
* Westminster (2017)
* Manchester Arena (2017)
* London Bridge (2017)
* Finsbury Park (2017)
* Parsons Green (2017)
* Westminster (2018)
* Creggan (2019)
* London Bridge (2019)

2020s|

* Streatham (2020)
* Reading (2020)
* Leigh-on-Sea (2021)
* Liverpool Women's Hospital (2021)
* Dover (2022)

Plots|

* Gunpowder Plot (1605)
* Strait of Gibraltar (2002)
* Wood Green (2003)
* Financial buildings (2004)
* Transatlantic aircraft (2006)
* Birmingham (2007)
* London (2009)
* Transatlantic aircraft (2010)
* West Midlands Mosques (2013)
* London (2016-2017)
* "Army of Children" (2018)
* St Paul's Cathedral (2019)

Terrorists|

* Bilal Abdullah
* Issam Abuanza
* Kafeel Ahmed
* Rangzieb Ahmed
* James Aitken
* Abu al-Masri
* Abdelbaset al-Megrahi
* Mohamed al-Owhali
* Omar Altimimi
* Martina Anderson
* Haroon Aswat
* Saajid Badat
* Dhiren Barot
* Abdel-Majed Bary
* Thomas Bates
* Shamima Begum
* Sharmeena Begum
* Joshua Bonehill-Paine
* Eamonn Boyce
* Rosena Brown
* Robert Catesby
* Julian Cayo-Evans
* Anjem Choudary
* Mohiussunnath Chowdhury
* Miles Cooper
* Martin Corey
* Nicky Crane
* Aine Davis
* Ian Davison
* Matt Devlin
* Everard Digby
* Hugh Doherty
* Joe Doherty
* El Elsheikh
* Mohammed Emwazi
* Mairéad Farrell
* Guy Fawkes
* Lamin Fhimah
* Kieran Fleming
* Bernard Fox
* Abu Haleema
* Raphael Hostey
* Hasib Hussain
* Junaid Hussain
* Omar Hussain
* Andrew Ibrahim
* Muktar Ibrahim
* Hamdi Isaac
* Abu Izzadeen
* Umran Javed
* John Barnard Jenkins
* Sally-Anne Jones
* Tania Joya
* Sulayman Keeler
* Brian Keenan (Irish republican)
* Sean Kelly
* Robert Keyes
* Mohammad Khan
* Usman Khan
* Omar Khyam
* Harry Kirkpatrick
* Alexanda Kotey
* Mustapha Labsi
* Pavlo Lapshyn
* Tony Lecomber
* Jack Letts
* Samantha Lewthwaite
* Germaine Lindsay
* William Lomasney
* Patrick Magee
* Donna Maguire
* Aqsa Mahmood
* Abu Mansha
* Abu Masud
* Jennifer McCann
* Raymond McCreesh
* Séamus McElwain
* Brendan McFarlane
* Pat McGeown
* Bernard McGinn
* Dominic McGlinchey
* Tommy McKearney
* Tommy McKearney
* Laurence McKeown
* Jackie McMullan
* Christopher McWilliams
* Ramzi Mohammed
* Arthur Morgan
* Danny Morrison
* Omar Bakri Muhammad
* Conor Murphy
* Mick Murray
* Sean Murray
* David Myatt
* Abu Nidal
* Joe O'Hagan
* Yasin Omar
* Marian Price
* Paddy Quinn
* Mizanur Rahman
* Naa'imur Rahman
* Rashid Rauf
* Richard Reid
* Jack Renshaw
* Abu Rumaysah
* Abdul Saleem
* Safiyya Shaikh
* Tareena Shakil
* Ahmed Sheikh
* Thomas Percy
* Ambrose Rookwood
* Anthony Small
* Shehzad Tanweer
* Matt Treacy
* Francis Tresham
* Younes Tsouli
* Gerard Tuite
* Hamza Tzortzis
* Abu Uzair
* Robert and Thomas Wintour
* John and Christopher Wright

Organisations|

* Al-Muhajiroun
* al-Qaeda
* Atomwaffen Division
* Blood & Honour
* Combat 18
* Cumann na mBan
* Dark Harvest Commando
* Free Wales Army
* Informal Anarchist Federation
* Irish National Liberation Army
* Irish Republican Army
* Islam4UK
* Loyalist Volunteer Force
* National Action
* Meibion Glyndŵr
* Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru
* New Irish Republican Army
* Óglaigh na hÉireann
* Orange Volunteers
* Order of Nine Angles
* Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
* Provisional Irish Republican Army
* Red Hand Commando
* Red Hand Defenders
* Saor Éire
* Scottish National Liberation Army
* The Angry Brigade
* The Saved Sect
* Tunisian Combatant Group
* Ulster Defence Association
* Ulster Volunteer Force
* Women's Social and Political Union

Counterterrrorism|

| Counterterrorists|

* Ernest Bond
* Helen Ball
* Neil Basu

|

Operations|

* 2006 Cheetham Hill terrorism arrests
* Forest Gate raid
* Operation Crevice
* Operation Guava
* Operation Kratos
* Operation Pathway
* Operation Pitsford
* Operation Temperer

Laws and bills|

* Nuclear Material (Offences) Act 1983
* Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act 1989
* Criminal Justice (Terrorism and Conspiracy) Act 1998
* Terrorism Act 2000
* Terrorism Act 2006
* Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001
* Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005
* Counter-Terrorism Act 2008
* Communications Data Bill 2008
* Terrorist Asset-Freezing (Temporary Provisions) Act 2010
* Terrorism Prevention and Investigation Measures Act 2011
* Anti-Social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014
* Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015
* Counter-Terrorism and Border Security Act 2019
* Terrorist Offenders (Restriction of Early Release) Act 2020
* Terrorism (Protection of Premises) Bill

Units|

* Commission for Countering Extremism
* Counter Terrorism Command
* Counter Terrorism Policing
* Counter-Terrorism Internet Referral Unit
* E4A
* Homeland Security Group
* Joint Terrorism Analysis Centre
* Special Branch
* Special Immigration Appeals Commission
* Specialist Operations

* Academic Technology Approval Scheme
* Acceptable level of violence
* BIKINI state
* CONTEST
* Control order
* John Murray v United Kingdom
* National Security Strategy
* R v Incedal
* UK Threat Levels

In media|

| Films and television|

* The Violent Enemy (1968)
* A Sense of Loss (1972)
* A War of Children (1972)
* The Secret Army (1972)
* A Quiet Day in Belfast (1974)
* Hennessy (1975)
* Mondo Candido (1975)
* Born for Hell (1976)
* The Outsider (1979)
* Looks and Smiles(1981)
* Harry's Game (1982)
* Cal (1984)
* Four Days in July (1984)
* No Surrender (1985)
* In This Corner (1986)
* A Prayer for the Dying (1987)
* For Queen and Country (1988)
* The Grasscutter (1988)
* Elephant (1989)
* Hush-a-Bye Baby (1989)
* Dear Sarah (1990)
* Hidden Agenda (1990)
* Shoot to Kill (1990)
* The Crying Game (1992)
* The Railway Station Man (1992)
* Patriot Games (1992)
* You, Me and Marley (1992)
* In the Name of the Father (1993)
* Blown Away (1994)
* Patriots (1994)
* Nothing Personal (1995)
* Some Mother's Son (1996)
* A Further Gesture (1997)
* My Brother's War (1997)
* The Boxer (1997)
* The Devil's Own (1997)
* The Informant (1997)
* The Jackal (1997)
* This Is the Sea (1997)
* Crossmaheart (1998)
* Divorcing Jack (1998)
* Resurrection Man (1998)
* The General (1998)
* Titanic Town (1998)
* Vicious Circle (1999)
* An Everlasting Piece (2000)
* H3 (2001)
* Silent Grace (2001)
* Moving Target (2002)
* Bloody Sunday (2002)
* Sunday (2002)
* Holy Cross (2003)
* Mickybo and Me (2004)
* Omagh (2004)
* Gunpowder, Treason & Plot (2004)
* Breakfast on Pluto (2005)
* Fifty Dead Men Walking (2005)
* Johnny Was (2005)
* The Mighty Celt (2005)
* The Gunpowder Plot: Exploding the Legend (2005)
* Undercover Mosque (2007)
* 7/7 Ripple Effect (2007)
* Closing the Ring (2007)
* Anton (2008)
* Hunger (2008)
* Peacefire (2008)
* Five Minutes of Heaven (2009)
* London River (2009)
* The Shore (2011)
* Beyond Right and Wrong (2012)
* Shadow Dancer (2012)
* A Belfast Story (2013)
* '71 (2014)
* A Song for Jenny (2015)
* Bobby Sands: 66 Days (2016)
* The Journey (2016)
* Gunpowder (2017)
* Maze (2017)
* The Foreigner (2017)
* Derry Girls (2018)
* Penance (2018)
* Unquiet Graves (2019)
* Wildfire (2020)
* A Bend in the River (2021)
* Belfast (2021)
* Baltimore (2023)
* Dead Shot (2023)
* In the Land of Saints and Sinners (2023)
* Once Upon a Time in Northern Ireland (2023)

|

Literature|

* Guy Fawkes (1840)
* Kevin and Sadie (1970)
* A Breed of Heroes (1981)
* Silver's City (1981)
* Cal (1983)
* Third World War (1988)
* Watchman (novel) (1988)
* Ripley Bogle (1989)
* Troubled Souls (1989)
* For a Few Troubles More (1990)
* Lies of Silence (1990)
* House of Splendid Isolation (1994)
* Eureka Street (1996)
* The Gunpowder Plot: Terror and Faith in 1605 (1996)
* Lost Lives (1999)
* Belfast Confetti (2000)
* No Bones (2001)
* A Secret History of the IRA (2002)
* A Son Called Gabriel (2004)
* Bloody Sunday: Scenes from the Saville Inquiry (2005)
* Where They Were Missed (2006)
* The Islamist (2007)
* My Traitor (2008)
* Radical: My Journey out of Islamist Extremism (2012)
* Milkman (2018)
* Say Nothing (2018)

Music|

* Kevin Barry (c. 1920)
* Dying Rebel (1916)
* Black and Tan Gun (1966)
* The Merry Ploughboy (1966)
* The Men Behind the Wire (1971)
* Give Ireland Back to the Irish (1972)
* Soldier (1972)
* Sunday Bloody Sunday (1972)
* The Luck of the Irish (1972)
* The Helicopter Song (1973)
* [The Town I Loved So Well]] (1973)
* Little Armalite (1975)
* Belfast (1977)
* Inflammable Material (1979)
* Oliver's Army (1979)
* Invisible Sun (1981)
* Theme from Harry's Game (1982)
* Sunday Bloody Sunday (1983)
* Michael Caine (1984)
* Out in the Fields (1985)
* The Island (1985)
* Through the Barricades (1986)
* Streets of Sorrow/Birmingham Six (1988)
* Belfast Child (1989)
* Easter (1989)
* Holy Wars... The Punishment Due (1990)
* That's Just the Way It Is (1990)
* Flags and Emblems (1991)
* Zombie (1994)
* Please (1997)
* Sunrise (1998)
* Paper Sun (1999)
* Peace on Earth (2000)
* Over the Rainbow (2017)

Other|

* The Freedom of the City (1973)
* The Beautiful Game (2000)
* Yesterday Was a Weird Day (2005)
* The Plot (1988)
* The Hooded Gunman (2007)
* Equivocation (2009)
* Treason (2022)

Related|

* 1998 World Cup terror plot
* 7 July Memorial
* Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades
* Al-Qaeda activities in Europe
* Ashby St Ledgers
* Bethnal Green trio
* Conflict Archive on the Internet
* David Davis 2008 by-election campaign
* Finsbury Park Mosque
* Foreign fighters in the Syrian civil war and War in Iraq
* Gunpowder Plot in popular culture
* Guy Fawkes mask
* Guy Fawkes Night
* Hamara Youth Access Point
* Holbeche House
* Huddington Court
* Jameah Islameah School
* John Smeaton
* Killing of Jean Charles de Menezes
* Lyveden New Bield
* Mohammed Atif Siddique
* One Love Manchester
* Richmal Oates-Whitehead
* Run, hide, tell
* Spirit of London
* Terrorgram
* The Beatles
* The Glade of Light
* United Kingdom and the Islamic State
* United Nations Security Council Resolution 1611
* We're Not Afraid

* v
* t
* e

Terrorism in Europe

Sovereign states|

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Georgia
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
*   * Italy
* Kazakhstan
* Latvia
* Liechtenstein
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

States with limited
recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus
* South Ossetia
* Transnistria

Dependencies and
other entities|

* Åland
* Faroe Islands
* Gibraltar
* Guernsey
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Svalbard

Other entities|

* European Union

* v
* t
* e

Islamic terrorism in Europe

General|

* Terrorism in Europe
* Islamic terrorism
* Islamic extremism
* Islam and violence
* Jihadism
* Spillover of the Syrian Civil War
* ISIL-related terrorist attacks in France
* Brussels ISIL terror cell
* Cannes-Torcy cell
* Insurgency in the North Caucasus
* Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
* Al-Qaeda involvement in Europe
* Lone wolf
* Salafi jihadism

Attacks|

| East|

* 2017 Saint Petersburg Metro bombing
* Shchelkovo Highway police station attack
* Crocus City Hall attack

|

North|

* 2010 Stockholm bombings
* 2015 Copenhagen shootings
* 2017 Stockholm truck attack
* 2017 Turku attack
* 2022 Oslo shooting

| United
Kingdom|

* 2005 London bombings
* Glasgow Airport attack
* Murder of Lee Rigby
* 2017 Westminster attack
* Manchester Arena bombing
* 2017 London Bridge attack
* Parsons Green train bombing
* 2019 London Bridge stabbing
* 2020 Streatham stabbing
* 2020 Reading stabbings
* Murder of David Amess

|

South|

* 2003 Istanbul bombings
* 2004 Madrid train bombings
* 2017 Barcelona attacks

West|

* 2020 Vienna attack

| Belgium|

* Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting
* 2016 Brussels bombings
* 2016 stabbing of Charleroi police officers
* 2016 stabbing of Brussels police officers
* June 2017 Brussels attack
* August 2017 Brussels attack
* 2018 Liège attack

|

France|

* Air France Flight 8969
* 1995 bombings
* Toulouse and Montauban shootings
* 2013 La Défense attack
* 2014 Tours police station stabbing
* 2015 Île-de-France attacks
* Charlie Hebdo shooting
* Hypercacher siege
* 2015 Nice stabbing
* Saint-Quentin-Fallavier attack
* 2015 Thalys train attack
* 2015 Paris attacks
* 2016 Paris police station attack
* 2016 Magnanville stabbing
* 2016 Nice truck attack
* 2016 Normandy church attack
* 2017 Orly Airport attack
* 2017 Champs-Élysées attack
* 2017 Notre Dame attack
* 2017 Champs-Élysées ramming
* Levallois-Perret attack
* 2017 Marseille stabbing
* Carcassonne and Trèbes attack
* 2018 Paris knife attack
* 2018 Strasbourg attack
* 2019 Lyon bombing
* Paris police headquarters stabbing
* 2020 Romans-sur-Isère knife attack
* 2020 Paris stabbing attack
* Murder of Samuel Paty
* 2020 Nice stabbing
* Rambouillet knife attack

Germany|

* 2011 Frankfurt Airport shooting
* Hanover stabbing
* Würzburg train attack
* 2016 Ansbach bombing
* 2016 Berlin truck attack
* 2017 Hamburg knife attack

Netherlands|

* Murder of Theo van Gogh
* 2018 Amsterdam stabbing attack
* 2019 Utrecht tram shooting

Counter-
terrorism|

| Operations|

* Opération Sentinelle, France
* Operation Vigilant Guardian, Belgium
* Operation Temperer, UK

|

Raids|

* 2014 anti-terrorism operations in Norway
* January 2015 anti-terrorism operations in Belgium
* Brussels lockdown
* 2016 Brussels police raids
* 2015 Saint-Denis, France raid
* 2017 Saint Petersburg raid

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