Texas government response to the COVID-19 pandemic

Actions by the Texas state government regarding the COVID-19 pandemic

The government of Texas's initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the state consisted of a decentralized system that was mostly reliant on local policies. As the pandemic progressed in Texas and throughout the rest of the country, the Texas government closed down several businesses and parks, and it eventually imposed a statewide stay-at-home order in late May. Then, between May and June 2020, the state government initiated a phased reopening, which was viewed as controversial. The reopening was phased back in June and July 2020 following a new surge of COVID-19 cases in the state. In March 2021, as COVID-19 vaccines began to be administered throughout the U.S., the Texas government reopened the state again.

## Background

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See also: Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Texas and Timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

On December 31, 2019, China reported a cluster of pneumonia cases in its city of Wuhan. On January 7, 2020, the Chinese health authorities confirmed that this cluster was caused by a novel infectious coronavirus.[1] On January 8, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued an official health advisory via its Health Alert Network (HAN) and established an Incident Management Structure to coordinate domestic and international public health actions.[2] On January 10 and 11, the World Health Organization (WHO) warned about a strong possibility of human-to-human transmission and urged precautions.[3] On January 20, the WHO and China confirmed that human-to-human transmission had occurred.[4]

The initial origin of community spread in Texas remains unclear, but numerous anecdotal accounts by those later confirmed have included onset dates as early as December 28 in Point Venture, and retrospective analyses have found unexplained statistical increases in deaths during this time.[5][6][7] Testing capacity across the state remained extremely limited until after the first recorded cases were announced.[5]

Research from Austin Public Health conducted in May found 68 COVID-19 patients in Central Texas who began reporting symptoms dating back to around the beginning of March.[8] On March 2, San Antonio Mayor Nirenberg issued a public health emergency after an individual positive for the virus is mistakenly released from quarantine at JBSA–Lackland.[9] Two days later, the DSHS reports a presumptive positive test result for COVID-19 from a resident of Fort Bend County in the Houston area. A man in his 70s, he is the first known positive case of the disease in Texas outside of those evacuated from Wuhan and the Diamond Princess cruise ship.[10] The patient had recently traveled to Egypt and was hospitalized.[11]

## Timeline

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### Initial actions and first lockdown

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The Texas National Guard was deployed to aid in COVID-19 testing and prevention efforts

In March 2020, The Texas Tribune described the state's pandemic response as a "patchwork system" characterized by its decentralized nature and reliance on locally enacted policies.[12] The following month, WalletHub ranked the Texas as one of the 10 least aggressive states for limiting COVID-19 exposure based on policy decisions, risk factors, and infrastructure.[13]

The Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) activated a virtual State Medical Operations Center (SMOC) in January 2020 to coordinate data collection and activities between the state and local agencies. The department and local health departments also began assessing recent travelers to Hubei Province in China with respiratory ailments for possible testing for SARS-CoV-2, encouraging individuals to "contact their health care provider if they develop fever, cough or shortness of breath within 14 days of being in Hubei." The Texas Division of Emergency Management (TDEM) was tasked with logistical coordination on health supplies with local groups. A briefing was held by Abbott on January 27 concerning the COVID-19 outbreak; HHS Commissioner Courtney Philips, DSHS Health Services Commissioner John William Hellerstedt, and TDEM Chief Nim Kidd delivered the briefing.[14] On January 30, Abbott joined other state governors in a conference call with U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Alex Azar, CDC Director Robert Redfield, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Director Anthony Fauci, and other health officials to discuss disease mitigation and prevention strategies.[15] State officials from emergency management, health services, law enforcement, public schools, and universities also met the same morning to outline logistics and coronavirus information.[16]

A state of disaster was declared by Abbott for all counties in Texas on March 13, giving emergency powers to Abbott and his administration to order lockdowns.[17][18] Throughout March, the state waived various healthcare and economic regulations.[19] These included waived trucking and licensing regulations for drivers, alcohol delivery from bars and restaurants, and Medicaid regulations.[18][20][21][22] Abbott and the Texas Department of Insurance (TDI) requested health insurers and health maintenance organizations to waive pandemic-related costs for patients on March 5.[23] The Texas Supreme Court ruled to suspend most eviction proceedings by at least a month on March 19.[24] Several regulations were waived to increase the state's medical workforce;[25][26][27] inactive and retired nurses were allowed to reactivate their licenses and temporary licensing was expedited for out-of-state medical professionals.[28][29] Local governments were authorized to delay local elections for 2020.[30] The federal government supplied $628.8 million in public assistance grants to Texas through FEMA following a federal disaster declaration on March 25.[31] Additional federal funding was also distributed through the CARES Act, Small Business Administration,[32][33]

On March 19, Abbott ordered the temporary prohibition of dining at bars and restaurants and the closure of gyms effective beginning the following day in a series of executive orders. Social gatherings involving more than 10 people were also prohibited.[34][35] Two days later, hospitals were allowed to have more than one patient per room and "elective or non-essential" medical procedures were ordered suspended.[36] A legal dispute emerged after Attorney General Ken Paxton confirmed that most abortions were included in the suspension.[37][38][39] The United States District Court for the Western District of Texas blocked the abortion ban on March 30, which was overturned by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit on March 31.[40][41] A three-judge panel on the Fifth Circuit reaffirmed the ban on April 10.[42] Texas became the 21st state to activate its National Guard on March 17.[43] The state mandated 14-day quarantines for travelers arriving from pandemic hotspots in the U.S. beginning on March 26 until all travel restrictions were lifted on May 21.[44][45] Abbott initially decided against statewide shelter-in-place or stay-at-home orders due to the fact that more than 200 counties did not have any cases in mid-March.[46][47] However, Abbott issued a de facto stay-at-home order on March 31, directing all Texans to remain at home unless conducting essential activities and services and to "minimize social gatherings and minimize in-person contact with people who are not in the same household." The order exempted places of worship as essential services (subject to social distancing), but Abbott still recommended that remote services be conducted instead. Abbott specifically avoided use of the terms "stay-at-home order" or "shelter-in-place" to describe the order, arguing that they were either misnomers (shelter-in-place usually referred to emergency situations) or did not adequately reflect the goal of the order.[48][49]

Texas Historical Commission historical sites and state parks were closed beginning at 5 p.m. April 7,[50][51] remaining closed until an executive order reopened them on April 20.[52][53] The state government continued to relax regulations regarding medical protocols through April. Pharmacy technicians were authorized to accept over-the-phone prescription drug orders beginning on April 7 and telehealth services were authorized across a broad range of telecommunication media.[54][55] Local emergency medical service providers were allowed to utilize qualified individuals without formal certification.[56] Similar training requirements were waived for other medical fields.[57][58] On May 20, The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Speaker of the House released a letter detailing a plan to reduce the budget of many state agencies by 5 percent as part of the state's preparation for COVID-19's economic impact.[59][60]

### Initial reopening efforts

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Governor Greg Abbott met with U.S. President Donald Trump in the Oval Office on May 7 to discuss the pandemic.

Between May and June 2020, the Texas state government began loosening restrictions on businesses and activities in a series of phases amid the pandemic, allowing businesses to reopen and operate with increasing capacity.[61] Texas was one of the first states to publicize a timetable for lifting restrictions and the underlying plan was one of the most expansive in the country for reopening businesses.[62][63] It began with Phase I on May 1 and continued through Phase III on June 3\. Abbott suspended the reopening process on June 25 following a rapid increase of COVID-19 cases 113 days after the first case was confirmed in Texas.[61]

On March 23, Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick made controversial statements on the Fox News show Tucker Carlson Tonight, saying that "as a senior citizen", he was "willing to take a chance on [his] survival in exchange for keeping the America that all America loves for [his] children and grandchildren," later suggesting that grandparents in the country would do the same and advocating that the U.S. "get back to work."[64][65] As Patrick appeared to insinuate lives were worth sacrificing for the health of the economy, his comments drew criticism on Twitter, where the hashtag #NotDying4WallStreet trended.[66] New York Governor Andrew Cuomo commented on Twitter that "no one should be talking about social darwinism for the sake of the stock market."[67] The editorial board of the Fort Worth Star-Telegram characterized Patrick's comments as "morbid" and a "recipe for embarrassing Texas".[68] On April 7, roughly a month after the first non-evacuee case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Texas,[10] Patrick created a task force to plan out the recovery of the Texas economy should businesses and industries reopen.[69] Two days later, Abbott stated that his administration was "working on very aggressive strategies to make sure Texas [was] first at getting back to work."[70] On April 17, Abbott began the process of reopening the Texas economy,[71] establishing the Strike Force To Open Texas in an executive order to "study and make recommendations... for revitalizing the Texas economy".[52][72] The team includes state leaders, medical experts, and a business advisory group; all consulting members were members of the Republican Party.[73][74] Abbott issued two additional executive orders relaxing COVID-19 restrictions: executive order GA-15 permitted licensed health care professionals and facilities to carry out elective medical procedures if they did not interfere with capacity provisioned for COVID-19, while executive order GA-16 allowed retail stores to deliver goods to customers beginning on April 24 as part of a "Retail-To-Go" model.[52][75][76] State parks were also ordered to reopen with COVID-19 regulations on April 20.[52]

Abbott announced a phased approach to reopening the Texas economy on April 27, with the state entering Phase I of the plan on May 1.[77] The first phase permitted the operation of retail establishments, restaurants, movie theaters, shopping malls, libraries and museums at 25 percent occupancy and with health protocols in place; these relaxed restrictions superseded all local orders.[78][79] Businesses in counties with five or fewer cases of COVID-19 were allowed to operate with increased occupancy once Phase I went into effect.[80] The de facto statewide stay-at-home order issued on March 19 was allowed to expire on April 30.[81] Following intraparty pressure, Abbott authorized the reopening of hair salons and pools on May 5.[82] Abbott announced the initiation of Phase II of the reopening plan on May 18, under which child care centers, massage and personal-care centers, and youth clubs were allowed to open promptly. The phase also allowed bars and office building tenants to begin operating with limited occupancy in addition to raising the restaurant occupancy cap to 50 percent. Other types of businesses were given staggered opening dates out to May 31 under Phase II.[83] Phase III of the reopening was rolled out on June 3, permitting the immediate increase of all business operation to 50 percent capacity. The phase also provided a timetable for amusement parks, carnivals, and restaurants to begin increasing their capacity further out to June 18.[84] Abbott announced on June 18 that Texas public schools would be opening for fall 2020.[85] On June 25, Abbott enacted a "temporary pause" on the reopening of the state's economy following record increases in COVID-19 cases.[86][87] The next day, Abbott issued an executive order closing bars and rafting/tubing businesses, representing the first rollbacks on the reopening plan.[88]

On April 25, polling from the University of Texas and the Texas Tribune found that 56 percent of voters surveyed approved of Abbott's response to the pandemic, including 56 percent of Republicans and 30 percent of Democrats.[89][90] Positive approval of Abbott's response to the pandemic was also found by a Dallas Morning News/University of Texas at Tyler poll, with registered voters approving by a roughly 3-to-1 margin.[91] A survey conducted by the Texas Restaurant Association and released on May 2 found that 47 percent of the 401 responding restaurants stated they would not reopen despite authorization under Phase I of Abbott's reopening plan; 43 percent intended to open while the remaining 9 percent were unsure.[92] A Quinnipiac University poll of registered voters released on June 3 found that 49 percent approved of Abbott's handling of stay-home restrictions while 38 percent believed Abbott moved "too fast" with the reopening.[93] A survey of 1,212 registered voters in Texas conducted by YouGov and sponsored by CBS News between July 7–10 found that 61 percent of respondents believed the state moved "too quickly" in "reopening the economy and lifting stay-at-home restrictions".[94]

Reactions to the initial efforts to reopen Texas businesses were fraught with partisan divides,[95][96] with the overall reaction described as "mixed" by several news agencies.[97][98][99][100] Nine members of the Texas Freedom Caucus in the Texas House of Representatives sent a letter to Abbott on April 14 pressing for business restrictions to be loosened "to the greatest extent possible."[101] Following the first announcement of reopenings on April 17, Texas Representative Chris Turner, the leader of the Texas House Democratic Caucus, said that Texas needed to have "widespread testing available" before reopening businesses.[102] Many public health experts lauded the phased approach but iterated the need for increased testing in the state. Others opined that the reopening commenced before adequate steps were taken to reduce the spread of the disease.[98][103] As the reopening plan progressed, Republican legislators pressured Abbott to open additional business sectors and accelerate the reopening process while Democratic legislators criticized the governor for the rapid pace of reopening.[104][105] The lack of consistent policy at the state and local level during the reopening and Abbott's decision to quash criminal penalties for violations also drew criticism. The Texas District and County Attorneys Association stated that there was "little incentive to put your own necks on the line to enforce an order that could be invalidated the next day" in guidance to state prosecutors.[106] After the reopening's pause and subsequent roll back, some attributed the concurrent rise in cases to the reopening.[107] Hidalgo stated that the reopening occurred "too quickly" and that other communities seeking to reopen would need to heed the spike in cases as "a word of warning".[95] Abbott stated in an interview with KVIA-TV in El Paso that "If I could go back and redo anything, it would probably would have been to slow down to opening bars, now seeing in the aftermath of how quickly the coronavirus spread in the bar setting."[108]

### June–July 2020 restrictions

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At a news conference on May 5, Abbott indicated that his administration was emphasizing the state's COVID-19 positivity rate to evaluate the reopening of Texas businesses that formally began on May 1.[77][109] Abbott considered a positivity rate exceeding 10 percent as a "red flag". In mid-April, the number of new cases began to stabilize and the 7-day average positivity rate fell below 10 percent. When Abbott announced the reopening plan on April 27, the positive rate was 4.6 percent, while number of active cases, active infection spread among population, was growing, meaning the chance of infection was increasing. As a result, the number of new cases began to rise in early May.[109] On June 24, the seven-day average positive rate rose above 10 percent for the first time since mid-April.[110] Entering mid-June, restaurants were allowed to operate at increased capacity and most businesses were opened under Phase III of the state's reopening plan. Following a pronounced outbreak of COVID-19 in the state (with the weekly average of new cases increasing by 79 percent) and a large increase in hospitalizations, Abbott paused the reopening process on June 25.[111][88] On June 26, bars were ordered to shut down and restaurants were ordered to lower their maximum operating capacity to 50 percent in what The Texas Tribune called Abbott's "most drastic action yet to respond to the post-reopening coronavirus surge in Texas". River-rafting businesses were also ordered to close and outdoor gatherings of more than 100 people without local government approval were banned.[112] The mandated closures made Texas the first U.S. state to reinstate restrictions and closures after reopening.[113]

Only on July 2, Abbott announced some small measures in an executive order effective the afternoon of July 3 requiring local government approval of gatherings of 10 or more people. In counties with at least 20 confirmed cases, the order mandated masks in enclosed public spaces and when social distancing was not feasible (subject to fines of up to $250 for multiple infractions).[114] The Texas Medical Association supported the mask mandate. However, the governor was chided by Democrats for being too slow to react to the resurgence in cases and by Republicans for overstepping his remit and infringing on personal freedoms.[115][116] Texas Democratic Party spokesman Abhi Rahman released a statement saying that the order was "far too little, far too late," and criticized Abbot for "[leading] from behind."[117] Republican State Representative Jonathan Stickland tweeted "[Abbott] thinks he is KING!"[116] Six county Republican parties formally censured Abbott for his use of executive power in responding to the pandemic, including in Montgomery and Denton Counties.[118] Some local law enforcement agencies chose not to enforce the mandate.[119]

On September 17, 2020, Governor Abbott announced that businesses could expand to 75% capacity.[120]

### March 2021 lifting of restrictions

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On March 2, 2021 (Texas Independence Day), Abbott announced that the state would rescind nearly all COVID-19-related health orders state-wide effective March 10 via executive order.[121] Businesses are no longer mandated to limit their capacity, the mask mandate expired, and no jurisdiction may enforce a penalty of any kind for not wearing masks in public.[121] Counties could reinstate capacity limits on businesses if COVID hospitalizations account for more than 15 percent of their local bed capacity for at least seven days, but businesses could not be restricted to any capacity below 50 percent, and enforcement of mask mandates remained prohibited.[122][123]

Abbott argued that since Texans had "mastered the daily habits to avoid getting COVID", the state no longer required enforceable health orders to be followed by residents and businesses, and that "too many Texans have been sidelined from employment opportunities. Too many small business owners have struggled to pay their bills. This must end. It is now time to open Texas 100%." However, the Governor still noted that the decision "does not end personal responsibility and caring for your family members, friends and others in your community."[122]

Reaction to the announcement was mixed, with local and national government and health officials warning that the decision to ease all restrictions was premature,[124] and criticism towards the inability for local leaders to enforce health orders.[125][126] President Joe Biden criticized the move and a similar decision announced the same day by Mississippi, arguing that "the last thing we need is the Neanderthal thinking that in the meantime, everything's fine, take off your mask, forget it. It still matters."[124][127] Governor Abbott responded to the comment, arguing that it was inappropriate for a president, and accusing Biden of importing COVID-19 cases into the state and others via immigrants by not testing them at the border.[128]

#### Executive orders against the implementation of COVID-19 public health measures

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On March 10, 2021, the Texas Attorney General threatened to sue the city of Austin for violating the executive order by declaring an intent to continue enforcing the previous "Phase 4" guidelines and mask mandate, and issued a 6:00 p.m. deadline.[129][121] The city challenged the legal threat, arguing that masks were effective, and that the mask mandate was issued by the Travis County public health authority and not by a jurisdiction.[121] The suit was filed the next day.[130] On March 26, District Judge Lora Livingston blocked a request by the AG for a temporary injunction, thus allowing the mandate to remain in force.[131][132]

In April 2021, Governor Abbott signed an executive order prohibiting state agencies and publicly-funded organizations from creating "vaccine passports" or requiring proof of vaccination with products administered pursuant to Emergency Use Authorization (EUA), as a condition of service. Abbott stated no resident should be required to "reveal private health information just to go about their daily lives", and that the COVID-19 vaccine will always be voluntary and "never forced" in the state of Texas.[133] On June 7, Governor Abbott signed Senate Bill 968, which strictly prohibits all businesses from requesting proof of vaccination as a condition of service. State agencies (such as the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission) have the power to enforce SB968 via the revocation of licensing and permits.[134][135]

On July 29, amid rising cases due to Delta variant, Galveston County meeting the 15% benchmark for hospitalizations that authorized reinstating restrictions, and multiple counties approaching it, Abbott signed an executive order prohibiting any county from restricting the capacity of businesses, regardless of hospital capacity. The order once again emphasized that public health measures were the "personal responsibility" of residents, and asserted that vaccines "are the most effective defense against the virus", and will always be voluntary and never forced in the state of Texas.[123] In late-August 2021, after the FDA approval of the Pfizer vaccine, Governor Abbott amended the earlier executive order to cover any COVID-19 vaccine, even if approved by the FDA.[136]

On October 11, amid the upcoming implementation of OSHA regulations that mandate the vaccination of large workforces for COVID-19, Governor Abbott signed an executive order that prohibits any party from mandating the vaccination of their customers or employees. Abbott once again asserted that the COVID-19 vaccine will always be voluntary in the state of Texas, and accused the federal government of engaging in overreach to "[bully] many private entities into imposing COVID-19 vaccine mandates, causing workforce disruptions that threaten Texas's continued recovery from the COVID-19 disaster."[137] The executive order may conflict with the Supremacy Clause.[138]

In January 2022, the Democrat-controlled Third Court of Appeals upheld a mask mandate enforced by Harris County, ruling that "the Governor does not possess absolute authority under the Texas Disaster Act to preempt orders issued by local governmental entities or officials that contradict his executive orders". The ruling is expected to be appealed in the Texas Supreme Court.[139][140][141]

## Testing

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As of July 11, 2020[update], 2.7 million COVID-19 tests have been reported by the DSHS; of these, 2.49 million were viral tests while 217,000 were antibody tests. The total number of tests passed 100,000 on April 9 and passed 1 million on May 28, 2020.[142] In mid-February, the DSHS provided outlines of coronavirus patient protocols to medical facilities statewide. Possible cases were to be reported to local health departments, with potential viral samples to be sent to the CDC in Atlanta.[143] The agency also prepared laboratories to test for the virus within Texas using kits provided by the CDC.[144][145]

The DSHS and TDEM initiated bi-weekly emergency planning meetings with other state agencies after February 27.[144] A laboratory at Texas Tech University in Lubbock became the first laboratory to test for SARS-CoV-2 in Texas.[146] By March 5, six of the ten health labs comprising the state Laboratory Response Network were ready for COVID-19 testing.[147] The Texas National Guard began supporting testing efforts on March 27.[148]

## Vaccination efforts

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Large-scale vaccination sites, referred to as "vaccination hubs", were established throughout the state beginning in January 2021.[149] As of January 16, 2021, the original number of vaccination hubs was increased from 28 to 79,[150] and on January 14, 2021 Texas became the first state to administer one million doses of the COVID-19 vaccination.[151] As of January 27, 2021, more than two million doses have been administered.[151] By February 2021 more than six hundred providers, including public health departments, vaccination hubs and retail pharmacies,[152] were administering first doses of the vaccines, reaching an allotment rate of approximately 400,000 doses per week.[153] On February 4, 2021, the DSHS reported that almost three million doses of the COVID-19 vaccine were given to Texas residents. Over two million Texans had received one dose of the vaccine and 620,000 Texans had been fully vaccinated with both the first and second doses.[154]

The vaccine rollout in Texas has faced numerous challenges, including uncertainties in record keeping, prioritization of the order in which groups were deemed eligible to receive the vaccine, and the availability of second doses for those who had already received the first dose.[155][156] As of January 18, 2021, vaccination providers who had received first dose allotments were not automatically being shipped equal quantities of second dose allotments. Instead, the providers were required to request allocations of the second dose through the state government allocation system.[157] A major and catastrophic February winter storm brought record low temperatures, which led to power, food and water outages throughout the state,[158] disrupting hundreds of thousands of COVID-19 vaccine deliveries and appointments.[159][160]

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40. ^ Kelly, Caroline; de Vouge, Ariane (March 31, 2020). "Appeals court temporarily re-instates Texas order limiting abortion access over coronavirus". CNN. Archived from the original on April 8, 2020. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
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42. ^ McCammon, Sarah (April 10, 2020). "Federal Appeals Court Reinstates Texas Abortion Ban Instituted During COVID-19 Crisis". NPR. Archived from the original on April 11, 2020. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
43. ^ Christenson, Sig (March 17, 2020). "Coronavirus threat prompts Abbott to activate Texas National Guard". San Antonio Express-News. San Antonio, Texas. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
44. ^ Svitek, Patrick (March 26, 2020). "Gov. Greg Abbott orders air travelers from New Orleans and around New York to self-quarantine". The Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on May 26, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
45. ^ Fernández, Stacy (May 21, 2020). "Gov. Greg Abbott lifts coronavirus restrictions for travelers from New York, Georgia and other hot spots". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
46. ^ Svitek, Patrick (March 22, 2020). "Gov. Greg Abbott resists calls for statewide shelter-in-place; moves to expand hospital capacity". The Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
47. ^ Fine, Julie (March 22, 2020). "No Shelter in Place Order for Texas, Gov. Abbott Says". KXAS-TV. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
48. ^ Svitek, Patrick (March 31, 2020). "Gov. Greg Abbott tells Texans to stay home except for essential activity in April". The Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on April 1, 2020. Retrieved March 31, 2020.
49. ^ Exec. Order No. GA-14 (March 31, 2020) Governor of Texas. Retrieved on 2020-07-11.
50. ^ "Texas State Parks, Historic Sites Ordered Closed". NBCDFW. NBC Universal. April 7, 2020. Archived from the original on April 14, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
51. ^ "Governor Abbott Announces Temporary Closure Of State Parks And Historic Sites". Austin, Texas: Office of the Texas Governor. April 7, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
52. ^ a b c d "Governor Abbott Issues Executive Order Establishing Strike Force To Open Texas" (Press release). Austin, Texas: Office of the Texas Governor. April 17, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
53. ^ "Gov. Abbott's plan to reopen Texas begins with state parks as COVID-19 pandemic continues". CBS Austin. Austin, Texas: CBS Broadcasting. April 20, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
54. ^ "Governor Abbott Waives Certain Pharmacy Regulations To Increase Workforce Capabilities". Austin, Texas: Office of the Texas Governor. April 7, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
55. ^ "Governor Abbott Waives Regulations, Expands Telehealth Options". Austin, Texas: Office of the Texas Governor. April 9, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
56. ^ "Coronavirus In Texas: State Effort Underway To Increase Number Of EMS, First Responders During Pandemic". CBS DFW. Austin, Texas: CBS Broadcasting. April 2, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
57. ^ "Gov. Abbott waives more regulations to help healthcare workers join workforce". KTRK. Austin, Texas: ABC. April 5, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
58. ^ "Governor Abbott Temporarily Waives Certain Testing Requirements For Advanced Practice Registered Nurses". Office of the Texas Governor. April 22, 2020. Retrieved July 17, 2020.
59. ^ Abbott, Greg; Patrick, Dan; Bonnen, Dennis (May 20, 2020). "To: State Agency Board/Commission Chairs... (May 20, 2020 Letter)" (PDF). State of Texas. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 21, 2020. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
60. ^ Pollock, Cassandra (May 21, 2020). "Texas Gov. Greg Abbott instructs state agencies to trim budgets by 5% to prepare for 'economic shock'". KRGV News. Archived from the original on June 22, 2020. Retrieved June 21, 2020.
61. ^ a b Benito, Marcelino (June 25, 2020). "How'd we get here? Gov. Abbott pauses Texas reopening plan as cases continue to soar". KHOU. Houston, Texas: KHOU-TV. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
62. ^ Baker, Peter; Fernandez, Manny; Healy, Jack (April 27, 2020). "Reopening Plans Across U.S. Are Creating Confusing Patchwork". The New York Times. New York, New York. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
63. ^ "Is Texas the first state to roll out a timeline to begin reopening?". Click2Houston. Houston, Texas. CNN. April 18, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
64. ^ Livingston, Abby (March 23, 2020). "Texas Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick says a failing economy is worse than coronavirus". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
65. ^ Knodel, Jamie (March 24, 2020). "Texas Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick suggests he, other seniors willing to die to get economy going again". NBC News. NBC Universal. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
66. ^ Duncan, Charles (March 24, 2020). "Backlash after Texas leader suggests older Americans risk coronavirus to save economy". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Fort Worth, Texas. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
67. ^ Sonmez, Felicia (March 24, 2020). "Texas Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick comes under fire for saying seniors should 'take a chance' on their own lives for sake of grandchildren during coronavirus crisis". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
68. ^ "What about younger sick people, Dan Patrick? Fox comments on coronavirus were morbid". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Fort Worth, Texas. March 23, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
69. ^ Kamath, Tulsi (April 7, 2020). "Texas Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick forms task force to restart economy after coronavirus". Click2Houston. Houston, Texas. Archived from the original on April 22, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
70. ^ Fink, Jack (April 9, 2020). "Coronavirus In Texas: Governor Abbott – 'Aggressive Strategies To Make Sure Texas Is First At Getting Back To Work'". CBSDFW.com. CBS Broadcasting. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
71. ^ Mitropoulos, Arielle (April 21, 2020). "Several states are beginning to lift COVID-19 restrictions despite concerns". ABC News. ABC News Internet Ventures. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
72. ^ Exec. Order No. GA-17 (April 17, 2020) Governor of Texas. Retrieved on 2020-07-08.
73. ^ Svitek, Patrick (April 17, 2020). "Texas Gov. Greg Abbott announces team to restart the economy, loosens some restrictions". The Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on April 26, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
74. ^ Price, Asher (April 17, 2020). "Who's on Abbott's Strike Force to Open Texas". Austin American-Statesman. Austin, Texas. Archived from the original on May 21, 2020. Retrieved July 7, 2020.
75. ^ Exec. Order No. GA-15 (April 17, 2020) Governor of Texas. Retrieved on 2020-07-08.
76. ^ Exec. Order No. GA-16 (April 17, 2020) Governor of Texas. Retrieved on 2020-07-08.
77. ^ a b "Governor Abbott Announces Phase One To Open Texas, Establishes Statewide Minimum Standard Health Protocols" (Press release). Austin, Texas: Office of the Texas Governor. April 27, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
78. ^ Exec. Order No. GA-18 (April 17, 2020) Governor of Texas. Retrieved on 2020-07-08.
79. ^ Feuer, Will (April 27, 2020). "Texas to lift coronavirus restrictions this week, businesses to reopen in phases". CNBC. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
80. ^ Raysam, Renuka (April 27, 2020). "Texas to loosen restrictions on malls, movie theaters in staggered reopening". Politico. Austin, Texas. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
81. ^ Svitek, Patrick (April 27, 2020). "Gov. Greg Abbott to let restaurants, movie theaters and malls open with limited capacity Friday". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
82. ^ Svitek, Patrick (May 5, 2020). "Gov. Greg Abbott to allow Texas hair salons and pools to reopen Friday and gyms to open May 18". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
83. ^ "Governor Abbott Announces Phase Two To Open Texas" (Press release). Office of the Texas Governor. May 18, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
84. ^ "Governor Abbott Announces Phase III To Open Texas" (Press release). Austin, Texas: Office of the Texas Governor. June 3, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
85. ^ Swaby, Aliyya (June 18, 2020). "Texas students will return to school campuses this fall, Gov. Greg Abbott tells lawmakers". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
86. ^ Wamsley, Laurel (June 25, 2020). "Texas Governor Hits 'Pause' On Further Reopening Amid COVID-19 Surge". NPR. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
87. ^ "Governor Abbott Announces Temporary Pause Of Additional Reopening Phases" (Press release). Austin, Texas: Office of the Texas Governor. June 25, 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
88. ^ a b Higgins-Dunn, Noah (June 26, 2020). "Texas rolls back its reopening a day after pausing plans as coronavirus cases rise". CNBC. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
89. ^ Ramsey, Ross (April 25, 2020). "Texas voters: Gov. Greg Abbott is doing better on the economy and coronavirus than President Donald Trump". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
90. ^ University of Texas / Texas Tribune Poll Crosstabs (PDF) (Report). The Texas Tribune. April 2020. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
91. ^ Garrett, Robert T. (May 2, 2020). "Texans wary of flying because of coronavirus, cautious about in-person shopping, Dallas News-UT Tyler poll shows". The Dallas Morning News. Austin, Texas. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
92. ^ Aguirre, Priscilla (May 2, 2020). "Poll: 47% of restaurants in Texas will not reopen Friday". mySA. San Antonio, Texas: Hearst Newspapers. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
93. ^ Gillman, Todd J. (June 3, 2020). "New Texas poll shows virtual tie between Trump and Biden, soft support for Cornyn". The Dallas Morning News. Washington, D.C. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
94. ^ de Pinto, Jennifer; Salvanto, Anthony; Backus, Fred; Khanna, Bakir; Cox, Elena (July 12, 2020). "Virus outbreak reshapes presidential race in Sun Belt — CBS News Battleground Tracker poll". CBS News. CBS Interactive. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
95. ^ a b Dart, Tom (June 27, 2020). "'We opened too quickly': Texas becomes a model for inadequate Covid-19 response". The Guardian. Houston, Texas: Guardian News & Media. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
96. ^ Miller, Maggie; Hellmann, Jessie; Manchester, Julia (May 1, 2020). "Texas set to reopen under political shadow". The Hill. Capitol Hill Publishing. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
97. ^ Duran, Sarah (April 29, 2020). "Mixed Feelings About Texas Shopping Malls Reopening Friday". Spectrum News. San Antonio, Texas: Charter Communications. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
98. ^ a b Platoff, Emma (April 29, 2020). "Health experts give Abbott's plan to reopen Texas mixed reviews, warn state should revive stay-at-home order if surge emerges". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
99. ^ Jaspers, Bret (April 28, 2020). "Governor's Plan To Reopen Texas Generates Mixed Reactions". KERA News. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
100. ^ Leroux, Alex (April 28, 2020). "Restaurant owners in East Texas mixed on reopening with limited capacity Friday". KLTV. Tyler, Texas. Retrieved April 28, 2020.
101. ^ Tilove, Jonathan (April 17, 2020). "Abbott faces crosswinds as he prepares plan to reopen Texas". Austin American-Statesman. Austin, Texas. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
102. ^ Sims, Vince (April 17, 2020). "State Representative Says More Coronavirus Testing Is Needed Before Texas Opens Businesses". NBCDFW. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
103. ^ de Leon, Luis (April 27, 2020). "Medical professionals, politicians react to Gov. Abbott's plan to gradually reopen Texas businesses". KVUE. Austin, Texas: KVUE-TV. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
104. ^ Wallace, Jeremy (May 1, 2020). "Republicans pressure Gov. Abbott to reopen the Texas economy faster". Houston Chronicle. Houston, Texas: Hearst. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
105. ^ Wallace, Jeremy (April 30, 2020). "Growing chorus of Democrats 'baffled' by Gov. Greg Abbott's plan to re-open Texas". Houston Chronicle. Houston, Texas: Hearst. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
106. ^ Goldenstein, Taylor; Wallace, Jeremy (May 8, 2020). "Gov. Abbott's latest order raises more enforcement questions as Texas businesses reopen". Houston Chronicle. Houston, Texas. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
107. ^ Czachor, Emily (July 5, 2020). "Texas, Florida Officials Say Their States' Reopenings Contributed to COVID Spike". Newsweek. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
108. ^ Svitek, Patrick (June 26, 2020). "Gov. Greg Abbott expresses regret over reopening Texas bars during coronavirus". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
109. ^ a b Goudeau, Ashley (May 6, 2020). "Positivity rate: Breaking down the metric Gov. Abbott is using to reopen Texas". KVUE. Austin, Texas: KVUE-TV. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
110. ^ Champagne, Sarah R.; Najmabadi, Shannon (June 24, 2020). "Texas' coronavirus positivity rate exceeds "warning flag" level Abbott set as businesses reopened". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
111. ^ McNamara, Audrey (June 25, 2020). "Texas halts reopening amid surge in coronavirus cases". CBS News. CBS Interactive. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
112. ^ Svitek, Patrick (June 26, 2020). "Gov. Greg Abbott orders Texas bars to close again and restaurants to reduce to 50% occupancy as coronavirus spreads". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
113. ^ Linnane, Ciara (June 26, 2020). "Texas becomes the first state to reimpose restrictions after lifting stay-at-home order on April 30". MarketWatch. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
114. ^ Svitek, Patrick (July 2, 2020). "Gov. Greg Abbott orders Texans in most counties to wear masks in public". The Texas Tribune. Archived from the original on July 3, 2020. Retrieved July 2, 2020.
115. ^ Jackson, Matt (July 13, 2020). "Gov. Abbott Orders Face Masks in All Texas Counties With 20 Or More Cases of COVID-19". NBCDFW. NBC Universal. Associated Press. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
116. ^ a b Svitek, Patrick (July 2, 2020). "Gov. Greg Abbott orders Texans in most counties to wear masks in public". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved July 8, 2020.
117. ^ Weinberg, Tessa (July 2, 2020). "Abbott mandates face masks in most public spaces in Texas to curb COVID spread". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Fort Worth, Texas. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
118. ^ Svitek, Patrick; Pollock, Cassandra (July 9, 2020). "County Republican parties in Texas' GOP strongholds say Gov. Greg Abbott going too far in coronavirus response". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
119. ^ Glynn, Maggie (July 6, 2020). "Mixed reactions to enforcing mask mandate across Texas among city officials & law enforcement". KXAN. Austin, Texas: Nexstar Broadcasting. Nexstar. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
120. ^ Svitek, Patrick (September 17, 2020). "Gov. Greg Abbott loosens coronavirus restrictions for restaurants and other businesses in most regions of Texas". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
121. ^ a b c d Lindell, Chuck. "'You will lose again': Ken Paxton gives Austin till 6 p.m. to lift local mask requirement". Austin American-Statesman. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
122. ^ a b Vera, Amir (March 2, 2021). "Texas governor lifts mask mandate and allows businesses to open at 100% capacity, despite health officials' warnings". CNN. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
123. ^ a b Scherer, Jasper (July 29, 2021). "As delta variant spreads, Abbott bans local COVID restrictions in areas with high hospitalization rates". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
124. ^ a b "Covid: Biden says 'Neanderthal thinking' behind lifting of mask rules". BBC News. March 4, 2021. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
125. ^ Garnham, Juan Pablo (March 3, 2021). "Texas' local officials blast Gov. Greg Abbott for "irresponsible action" of lifting coronavirus restrictions". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
126. ^ "Reaction Is Mixed To Texas Decision To Lift Coronavirus Restrictions". NPR.org. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
127. ^ Rascoe, Ayesha (March 3, 2021). "'Neanderthal Thinking:' Biden Says Too Soon For States To Lift Mask Mandates". NPR. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
128. ^ Higgins-Dunn, Noah (March 4, 2021). "Texas Gov. Abbott blames Covid spread on immigrants, criticizes Biden's 'Neanderthal' comment". CNBC. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
129. ^ Williams, Jordan (March 10, 2021). "Texas AG looking into 'every avenue' to stop Austin mask mandate". TheHill. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
130. ^ Christina Maxouris, Jason Hanna and Amir Vera (March 11, 2021). "Texas attorney general files lawsuit against Austin leaders over mask requirement". CNN. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
131. ^ Thebault, Reis. "Who makes the mask rules? Despite a Texas lawsuit, the mandate survives in Austin". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
132. ^ Oxner, Reese (March 26, 2021). "Austin and Travis County officials can keep enforcing local mask mandate for now, judge says". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
133. ^ "Governor Abbott Issues Executive Order Prohibiting Government-Mandated Vaccine Passports". gov.texas.gov. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
134. ^ Harper, Karen Brooks (June 7, 2021). "Gov. Greg Abbott signs bill to punish businesses that require proof of COVID-19 vaccination". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
135. ^ Eltohamy, Farah (August 12, 2021). "Texas warns Austin restaurants that their liquor licenses could be revoked for requiring proof of COVID-19 vaccinations". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
136. ^ "Governor Abbott Issues Executive Order 39 Prohibiting Vaccine Mandates In Texas". gov.texas.gov. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
137. ^ Allen, Rebekah (October 11, 2021). "Texas Gov. Greg Abbott bans any COVID-19 vaccine mandates — including for private employers". The Texas Tribune. Retrieved October 12, 2021.
138. ^ Levenson, Eric (October 13, 2021). "What will happen when Texas' ban on Covid-19 vaccine mandates conflicts with the federal vaccine requirement". CNN. Retrieved October 20, 2021.
139. ^ Schneider, Andrew (January 6, 2022). "Harris County can now impose mask mandates, a state appeals court rules". Houston Public Media. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
140. ^ Garcia, Ariana (January 6, 2022). "Texas appeals court upholds Harris County mask mandate, halting Abbott ban". Chron. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
141. ^ Lindell, Chuck. "Ruling against Abbott, Austin appeals court lets Harris County impose mask mandate". Austin American-Statesman. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
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146. ^ Cargile, Erin (March 2, 2020). "How prepared is Texas to test patients for COVID-19?". KXAN. Austin, Texas: Nexstar Broadcasting. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
147. ^ "Governor Abbott, DSHS Announce Statewide Testing Capabilities For Coronavirus". Austin, Texas: Office of the Texas Governor. March 5, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
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* v
* t
* e

COVID-19 pandemic

* COVID-19 (disease)
* SARS-CoV-2 (virus)

Timeline

| Pre-pandemic|

* Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
* Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)
* Crimson Contagion
* Disease X
* Event 201
* Exercise Cygnus
* 2019

|

2020|

* January
* responses
* February
* responses
* March
* responses
* April
* responses
* May
* responses
* June
* responses
* July
* responses
* August
* responses
* September
* responses
* October
* responses
* November
* responses
* December
* responses

2021|

* January
* responses
* February
* responses
* March
* responses
* April
* responses
* May
* responses
* June
* responses
* July
* responses
* August
* responses
* September
* responses
* October
* responses
* November
* responses
* December
* responses

2022|

* January
* responses
* February
* responses
* March
* responses
* April
* responses
* May
* responses
* June
* responses
* July
* responses
* August
* responses
* September
* responses
* October
* responses
* November
* December

2023 and after|

* 2023
* 2024

Locations

| Africa

*     * timeline
* national
responses

| Northern|

* Algeria
* Canary Islands
* Ceuta
* Egypt
* Libya
* Mauritania
* Melilla
* Morocco
* Sudan
* Tunisia
* Western Sahara
* Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

|

Eastern|

* Burundi
* Comoros
* Djibouti
* Eritrea
* Ethiopia
* Kenya
* Madagascar
* Mauritius
* Mayotte
* Réunion
* Rwanda
* Seychelles
* Somalia
* Puntland
* Somaliland
* South Sudan
* Tanzania
* Uganda

Southern|

* Angola
* Botswana
* Eswatini
* Lesotho
* Malawi
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* South Africa
* list of deaths
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe

Central|

* Cameroon
* Central African Republic
* Chad
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Republic of the Congo
* Gabon
* São Tomé and Príncipe

Western|

* Benin
* Burkina Faso
* Cape Verde
* Equatorial Guinea
* Gambia
* Ghana
* timeline
* 2020
* March–July
* August–December
* 2021
* government response
* impact
* education
* Guinea
* Guinea-Bissau
* Ivory Coast
* Liberia
* Mali
* Niger
* Nigeria
* government response
* Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
* Senegal
* Sierra Leone
* Togo

Asia|

| Central/North|

* Kazakhstan
* Kyrgyzstan
* Russia
* timeline
* January–June
* July–December
* impact
* economic
* social
* political
* Tajikistan
* Turkmenistan
* Uzbekistan

|

East|

* Hong Kong
* Japan
* timeline
* Tokyo
* 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics
* North Korea
* South Korea
* Macau
* Mongolia
* Taiwan
* respirator diplomacy

Mainland China|

* lockdown
* detail
* statistics
* vaccination
* Beijing
* 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics
* Heilongjiang
* Henan
* Hubei
* Inner Mongolia
* Liaoning
* Shanghai
* 2022 outbreak
* Sichuan
* Tibet
* Xinjiang

South|

* Afghanistan
* Bangladesh
* timeline
* Bhutan
* Maldives
* Nepal
* Pakistan
* Tablighi Jamaat hotspot
* Sri Lanka

India|

* economic impact
* evacuations
* lockdown
* migrant workers' crisis
* statistics
* timeline
* 2020
* January–May
* June–December
* 2021
* union government response
* PM CARES Fund
* SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund
* state government responses
* vaccination
* Vaccine Maitri

By location|

* Andaman and Nicobar Islands
* Andhra Pradesh
* Arunachal Pradesh
* Assam
* Bihar
* Chandigarh
* Chhattisgarh
* Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
* Delhi
* Tablighi Jamaat hotspot
* Goa
* Gujarat
* Haryana
* Himachal Pradesh
* Jammu and Kashmir
* Jharkhand
* Karnataka
* Kerala
* timeline
* Ladakh
* Lakshadweep
* Madhya Pradesh
* Maharashtra
* Manipur
* Meghalaya
* Mizoram
* Nagaland
* Odisha
* Puducherry
* Punjab
* Rajasthan
* Sikkim
* Tamil Nadu
* Telangana
* Tripura
* Uttar Pradesh
* Uttarakhand
* West Bengal

Southeast|

* Brunei
* Cambodia
* East Timor
* Indonesia
* timeline
* 2021
* social restrictions
* Community Activities Restrictions Enforcement
* Laos
* Myanmar
* Singapore
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* circuit breaker response
* vaccination
* statistics
* Thailand
* timeline
* vaccination
* statistics
* Vietnam
* timeline
* government response

Malaysia|

* impact
* social
* economic
* political
* Aid and relief efforts
* movement control order
* Tablighi Jamaat COVID-19 hotspot
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* statistics
* Johor
* Kuala Lumpur
* Sabah
* Sarawak
* Selangor

Philippines|

* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* government response
* community quarantines
* Luzon
* evacuations
* testing controversy
* vaccination
* Bangsamoro
* Bicol Region
* Cagayan Valley
* Calabarzon
* Caraga
* Central Luzon
* Central Visayas
* Cordillera
* Davao Region
* Eastern Visayas
* Ilocos Region
* Metro Manila
* Mimaropa
* Northern Mindanao
* Soccsksargen
* Western Visayas
* Zamboanga Peninsula
* Overseas Filipinos

West|

* Armenia
* Azerbaijan
* Artsakh
* Bahrain
* Cyprus
* Northern Cyprus
* Egypt
* Georgia
* Abkhazia
* South Ossetia
* Iran
* Iraq
* Kurdistan Region
* Israel
* Jordan
* Kuwait
* Lebanon
* Oman
* Palestine
* Qatar
* Saudi Arabia
* vaccination
* Syria
* Turkey
* timeline
* United Arab Emirates
* Yemen

Europe|

| United Kingdom|

* history
* timeline
* January–June 2020
* July–December 2020
* January–June 2021
* July–December 2021
* January–June 2022
* July–December 2022
* 2023
* responses
* government response
* response
* Operation Rescript
* contracts
* impact
* social
* economic
* education

By location|

* England
* timeline
* 2020
* January–June
* July–December
* 2021
* 2022
* London
* local lockdown regulations
* first tier regulations
* Northern Ireland
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Scotland
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Wales
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Crown Dependencies
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Guernsey
* Overseas territories
* Akrotiri and Dhekelia
* British Indian Ocean Territory
* Gibraltar

Eastern|

* Belarus
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Kazakhstan
* Moldova
* Gagauzia
* Transnistria
* Russia
* timeline
* January–June 2020
* July–December 2020
* government responses
* political impact
* Turkey
* timeline
* Ukraine
* Crimea
* Sevastopol

Western Balkans|

* Albania
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Kosovo
* Montenegro
* North Macedonia
* Serbia
* statistics

European Union|

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* timeline
* Cyprus
* Northern Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Faroe Islands
* Estonia
* Finland
* Åland
* France
* Guadeloupe
* French Guiana
* Réunion
* Martinique
* Mayotte
* Normandy
* Saint Martin
* Germany
* North Rhine-Westphalia
* government response
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* economic impact
* social impact
* vaccination
* Italy
* lockdowns
* timeline
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* government response
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* timeline
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* timeline
* Asturias
* Canary Islands
* Ceuta
* Community of Madrid
* Melilla
* Sweden
* government response
* Operation Gloria

EFTA countries|

* Iceland
* Liechtenstein
* Norway
* Svalbard
* Switzerland

Microstates|

* Andorra
* Monaco
* San Marino
* Vatican City

North
America|

| Atlantic|

* Bermuda
* Greenland
* Saint Pierre and Miquelon

|

Canada|

* timeline
* economic impact
* federal aid
* vaccination
* by province
* military response
* Atlantic Bubble
* Alberta
* timeline
* British Columbia
* Manitoba
* New Brunswick
* Newfoundland and Labrador
* Northwest Territories
* Nova Scotia
* Nunavut
* Ontario
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* Ottawa
* Peel Region
* Toronto
* York Region
* Provincial government response
* Vaccination
* Prince Edward Island
* Quebec
* Montreal
* boroughs
* Saskatchewan
* timeline
* Yukon

Caribbean|

| Countries|

* Antigua and Barbuda
* Bahamas
* Barbados
* Cuba
* Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
* Dominica
* Dominican Republic
* Grenada
* Haiti
* Jamaica
* Saint Kitts and Nevis
* Saint Lucia
* Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
* Trinidad and Tobago
* timeline

|

British Overseas Territories|

* Anguilla
* British Virgin Islands
* Cayman Islands
* Montserrat
* Turks and Caicos Islands
* response

* Aruba
* Curaçao
* Sint Maarten

Caribbean Netherlands|

* Bonaire
* Saba
* Sint Eustatius

French West Indies|

* Guadeloupe
* Martinique
* Saint Barthélemy
* Saint Martin

US insular areas|

* Puerto Rico
* U.S. Virgin Islands

Central America|

* Belize
* Costa Rica
* El Salvador
* Guatemala
* Honduras
* Mexico
* timeline
* vaccination
* Nicaragua
* Panama

United States|

* Trump administration communication
* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* social impact
* economic impact
* 2021 hospital crisis

responses|

* federal government
* state and local governments
* California government response
* New York government response
* Texas government response
* Eastern States Multi-state Council
* Midwest Governors Regional Pact
* Western States Pact

By location|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* American Samoa
* Arizona
* Navajo Nation
* Arkansas
* California
* timeline
* S.F. Bay Area
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* timeline
* Massachusetts
* timeline
* Boston
* timeline
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* timeline
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* New York City
* timeline
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Ohio
* Columbus
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Portland
* Pennsylvania
* Philadelphia
* Puerto Rico
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* timeline
* Austin
* U.S. Virgin Islands
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* Washington, D.C.
* White House
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

Oceania|

* American Samoa
* Cook Islands
* Easter Island
* Federated States of Micronesia
* Fiji
* French Polynesia
* Guam
* Hawaii
* Kiribati
* Marshall Islands
* Nauru
* New Caledonia
* Niue
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Palau
* Papua New Guinea
* Bougainville
* Pitcairn Islands
* Samoa
* Solomon Islands
* Tokelau
* Tonga
* Tuvalu
* Vanuatu
* Wallis and Futuna

Australia|

* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* January–June
* July–December
* 2022
* Australian Capital Territory
* Christmas Island
* Cocos (Keeling) Islands
* New South Wales
* Norfolk Island
* Northern Territory
* Queensland
* South Australia
* Tasmania
* Victoria
* Western Australia

New Zealand|

* timeline
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* economic impact
* government response
* Alert levels
* Traffic light system
* social impact
* managed isolation

South
America|

* Argentina
* statistics
* human rights
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* São Paulo
* Chile
* statistics
* Easter Island
* Colombia
* timeline
* Ecuador
* Falkland Islands
* French Guiana
* Guyana
* Paraguay
* Peru
* statistics
* Cusco
* Suriname
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Others|

* Antarctica
* Cruise ships
* Diamond Princess
* Grand Princess
* Naval ships
* Charles de Gaulle
* USS Theodore Roosevelt

Impact

| Culture and
entertainment|

| Arts and
cultural heritage|

* References in popular culture
* Cinema
* films affected
* Corona-chan
* Disney
* Fashion industry
* Music industry
* Performing arts
* Television
* U.S.
* U.S. sports
* programs affected
* Video games

|

Education|

* Female education
* Homeschooling

By country|

* Ghana
* Ireland
* United Kingdom
* exam grading controversy
* United States

Sports|

* Bio-secure bubble

By country|

* Ireland
* Philippines

By sport|

* Association football
* Baseball
* Basketball
* NBA
* Combat sports
* Cricket
* Disc golf
* Gaelic games
* Gridirion football (NCAAF, NFL, and CFL)
* Ice hockey
* Motorsport
* Rugby league

Society
and rights|

| Social impact|

* Social media
* Stigma
* COVID-19 parties
* Children
* foster care in the U.S.
* Pandemic baking

|

Labor|

* Healthcare workers
* Indian migrant workers
* Great Resignation
* Strikes

Human rights|

* Argentina
* Hong Kong
* Myanmar
* North Korea
* Turkmenistan

Legal|

* Abortion in the U.S.
* Crime
* Domestic violence
* Prisons
* U.S. immigration detention

Minority|

* Gender
* LGBT community
* African communities
* Disability community
* Native American communities
* Xenophobia and racism

Religion|

* Catholic Church
* Hajj

Economic|

* Charitable activity
* COVID-19 scams
* Travel restrictions

By country|

* Canada
* India
* Ireland
* COVID-19 Pandemic Unemployment Payment
* Malaysia
* New Zealand
* Russia
* U.K.
* U.S.

By industry|

* Aviation
* Airlines
* Cannabis industry
* Food industry
* meat industry in Canada
* meat industry in the U.S.
* restaurant industry in the U.S.
* Hospitals
* ICU capacity
* Long-term care facilities
* Mink farming
* Public transport
* Retail
* Tourism

Supply and trade|

* Shortages
* Chip supply
* Energy
* Global supply chain
* Oil price war
* Food security

Financial markets|

* Global stock market crash
* COVID-19 recession
* Inflation

Information|

* Journalism
* Media coverage
* Wikipedia's response

Misinformation|

* Governments
* China
* United States
* By country
* Canada
* Philippines
* Ivermectin
* Plandemic

Politics|

* National responses
* Legislation
* European Union

Political impact|

* Ireland
* Malaysia
* Russia

Protests|

* Abkhazia
* Argentina
* Australia
* Convoy to Canberra
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Brazil
* 2020 protests
* 2021 protests
* Bulgaria
* Canada
* convoy protest
* Chile
* China
* Beijing Sitong Bridge protest
* healthcare reform protests
* Colombia
* 2021 protests
* 2022 protests
* Cuba
* France
* Yellow vests protests
* labor protests
* French West Indies social unrest
* convoy protest
* Germany
* Idar-Oberstein shooting
* Greece
* Israel
* protests against Benjamin Netanyahu
* Italy
* Mongolia
* Netherlands
* curfew riots
* New Zealand
* Wellington protest
* Paraguay
* Serbia
* Tunisia
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Open the States

International relations|

* Aid
* Italy
* Moldovan–Romanian collaboration
* Nicaragua–Taiwan relations
* Respirator diplomacy of Taiwan
* Vaccine diplomacy

Language|

* Anthropause
* Doomscrolling
* Flattening the curve
* Green recovery
* Long COVID
* Quarantini
* Social distancing
* Superspreader
* Twindemic
* Zero-COVID
* Zoom
* Zoom towns

Others|

* Animals
* Cluster 5
* Environment
* Military
* Pregnant women
* Science and technology

Health issues

| Medical topics|

* Transmission
* Symptoms
* Cancer
* Endemic COVID-19
* Skin manifestations
* Long COVID
* Mental health
* neurological, psychological and other mental health outcomes
* Pregnancy
* Non-COVID-19–related health issues
* Shortages
* Raise the line
* Rehabilitation
* Unproven medical methods

|

Testing and
epidemiology|

* Datasets
* Death rates by country
* Disease testing
* Breathalyzer
* Operation Moonshot
* Test to Release
* UK Rapid Test Consortium
* AbC-19 rapid antibody test
* investigations into the origins
* lab leak theory
* Rapid antigen test
* Software
* Surveillance
* Undercounting COVID-19 deaths

Apps|

* Aarogya Setu
* BlueTrace
* careFIJI
* Coronavirus Australia
* Corona-Warn-App
* COVID-19 Contact-Confirming Application
* COVID Alert (Canada)
* COVID AlertSA (South Africa)
* COVIDSafe
* COVID Tracker Ireland
* Covid Watch
* Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing
* Exposure Notification
* Health Code
* Healthy Together
* Immuni
* Koronavilkku
* LeaveHomeSafe
* MySejahtera
* NHS COVID-19
* NZ COVID Tracer
* NZ Pass Verifier
* PathCheck
* PeduliLindungi
* SafeEntry
* SafePass
* StaySafe.ph
* SwissCovid
* TCN Protocol
* Test, Trace, Protect
* Thai Chana
* TousAntiCovid
* TraceTogether
* Valtrace
* Zoe Health Study

Prevention|

* Air purifier (Corsi–Rosenthal Box)
* Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine
* COVID fatigue
* Evacuations
* Face masks
* Anti-mask sentiment
* United States
* Flattening the curve
* Great Barrington Declaration
* International aid
* Lockdowns
* Public health mitigation
* Safe Hands Challenge
* Social distancing
* Workplace hazard controls
* Zero-COVID

Vaccines|

| Topics|

* Authorizations
* Clinical research
* Deployment
* Development
* EU Certificate
* Misinformation and hesitancy
* Deaths of anti-vaccine advocates
* US
* Operation Warp Speed (U.S.)
* Post-vaccination complications
* Vaccine card
* Vaccine passports

|

Authorized|

| DNA|

* ZyCoV-D

|

Inactivated|

* Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
* CoronaVac
* Covaxin
* COVIran Barekat
* CoviVac (Russia)
* FAKHRAVAC
* Minhai
* QazCovid-in
* Sinopharm BIBP
* Sinopharm WIBP
* Turkovac
* Valneva

mRNA|

* Moderna
* Pfizer–BioNTech

Subunit|

* Abdala
* Corbevax (Bio E COVID-19)
* COVAX-19
* EpiVacCorona
* IndoVac
* MVC
* Noora
* Novavax
* Razi Cov Pars
* Sinopharm CNBG
* Soberana 02
* Soberana Plus
* ZF2001 (Zifivax)

Viral vector|

* Convidecia
* Janssen
* Oxford–AstraZeneca
* Sputnik V
* Sputnik Light

Virus-like particles|

* CoVLP

In trials|

| Attenuated|

* COVI-VAC (United States)

|

DNA|

* AG0302-COVID‑19
* GX-19
* Inovio

Inactivated|

* KD-414
* NDV-HXP-S

RNA|

* ARCT-021
* ARCT-154
* Bangavax
* CureVac (terminated)
* HGC019
* mRNA-1283
* PTX-COVID19-B
* Sanofi–Translate Bio (terminated)
* Stemirna COVID-19 vaccine
* Walvax

Subunit|

* 202-CoV
* AKS-452
* EuCorVac-19
* IVX-411
* Nanocovax
* ReCOV
* Sanofi–GSK
* S-268019
* SCB-2019
* SCTV01C
* Skycovione
* UB-612
* V-01
* V451 (terminated)
* Vabiotech
* West China Hospital
* Zhongyianke Biotech–Liaoning Maokangyuan Biotech

Viral vector|

* AdCLD-CoV19
* BriLife
* COH04S1
* DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT
* GRAd-COV2
* ImmunityBio
* iNCOVACC
* INNA-051
* NDV-HXP-S
* Vaxart COVID-19 vaccine

Virus-like particles|

* ABNCoV2
* LYB001
* MigVax-101
* VBI-2902

Deployment
by location|

| Africa|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Cape Verde
* Cameroon
* Chad
* Comoros
* Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Djibouti
* Egypt
* Equatorial Guinea
* Eswatini
* Ghana
* Morocco
* Nigeria
* Senegal
* South Africa
* Zimbabwe

|

Asia|

* Bangladesh
* Bhutan
* Mainland China
* India
* Indonesia
* Iran
* Israel
* Japan
* Kazakhstan
* Malaysia
* Nepal
* Philippines
* Russia
* Singapore
* South Korea
* Sri Lanka
* Taiwan
* Thailand
* Turkey
* United Arab Emirates
* Vietnam

Europe|

* Albania
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Denmark
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
* Italy
* Moldova
* Norway
* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom

North America|

* Canada
* Ontario
* Quebec
* Cuba
* Haiti
* Mexico
* United States
* mandates

Oceania|

* Australia
* Fiji
* New Zealand

South America|

* Argentina
* Brazil
* Colombia
* Peru

Others|

* Antarctica

Treatment|

* Drug development
* Drug repurposing research
* Baricitinib
* Dexamethasone
* Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
* Open-source ventilator
* PANORAMIC trial (UK)
* RECOVERY Trial (UK)
* Solidarity trial (WHO)

Monoclonal antibodies|

* Bamlanivimab/etesevimab
* Bamlanivimab
* Etesevimab
* Bebtelovimab
* Casirivimab/imdevimab
* Regdanvimab
* Sarilumab
* Sotrovimab
* Tixagevimab/cilgavimab
* Tocilizumab

Small molecule antivirals|

* Broad-spectrum
* Ensitrelvir
* Molnupiravir
* Remdesivir
* Co-packaged
* Nirmatrelvir
* ritonavir

Variants

| Specific|

* Alpha
* Beta
* Gamma
* Delta
* Epsilon
* Zeta
* Eta
* Theta
* Iota
* Kappa
* Lambda
* Mu
* Omicron
* timeline

|

General|

* Cluster 5
* Lineage B.1.617
* Lineage B.1.640.2
* Variant of concern

Institutions

| Hospitals and
medical clinics|

| Mainland China|

* Central Hospital of Wuhan
* Dabie Mountain Regional Medical Centre
* Fangcang hospitals
* Huoshenshan Hospital
* Leishenshan Hospital
* Xinjia Express Hotel
* Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital

|

Others|

* Hospital ships
* Garran Surge Centre (Australia)
* Hospital El Salvador
* SevenHills Hospital (India)
* Kemayoran Athletes Village (Indonesia)
* Pyongyang General Hospital (North Korea)
* Malaysia Agro Exposition Park Serdang (Malaysia)
* Mega Ligtas COVID Centers (Philippines)
* Kandakadu Treatment and Rehabilitation Centre (Sri Lanka)
* Sancaktepe Prof. Dr. Feriha Öz Emergency Hospital (Turkey)
* Yeşilköy Prof. Dr. Murat Dilmener Emergency Hospital (Turkey)
* COVID-19 hospitals in the United Kingdom
* NHS Nightingale Hospitals (England)
* Birmingham
* London
* North East
* North West
* Yorkshire and the Humber
* NHS Louisa Jordan (Scotland)
* Dragon's Heart Hospital (Wales)

Organizations|

| Global|

|

By location|

* National Cabinet (Australia)
* ScienceUpFirst (Canada)
* Wuhan Institute of Virology (China)
* Independent SAGE (United Kingdom)

Health
institutes|

* Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (African Union)
* Ghana Infectious Disease Centre (Ghana)
* Department of Health (Hong Kong)
* Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (South Korea)
* National Institute for Communicable Diseases (South Africa)
* Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (Taiwan)

Pandemic
institutes|

* National COVID-19 Commission Advisory Board (Australia)
* COVID-19 Immunity Task Force (Canada)
* COVID-19 Supply Council (Canada)
* PREPARE (European Union)
* National Expert Group on Vaccine Administration for COVID-19 (India)
* COVID-19 Response Acceleration Task Force (Indonesia)
* National Public Health Emergency Team (Ireland)
* Novel Coronavirus Expert Meeting (Japan)
* Crisis Preparedness and Response Centre (Malaysia)
* Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee (Philippines)
* Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (Philippines)
* Central Epidemic Command Center (Taiwan)
* Coronavirus Scientific Advisory Board (Turkey)
* COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium (United Kingdom)
* Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team (United Kingdom)
* Joint Biosecurity Centre (United Kingdom)
* Vaccine Taskforce (United Kingdom)
* COVID-19 Advisory Board (United States)
* Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups (United States)
* White House Coronavirus Task Force (United States)
* White House COVID-19 Response Team (United States)
* GACH (Uruguay)

Relief funds|

* PM CARES Fund (India)
* SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund (India)
* Artist Relief (United States)

People

| Medical
professionals|

* Ai Fen
* Corona Rintawan
* Li Wenliang
* Liu Wen
* Xie Linka
* Zhang Wenhong

|

Researchers|

* Awang Bulgiba Awang Mahmud
* Roberto Burioni
* Chen Wei
* Kizzmekia Corbett
* Andrea Crisanti
* Peter Daszak
* Christian Drosten
* Neil Ferguson
* Dale Fisher
* George F. Gao
* Azra Ghani
* Sarah Gilbert
* Guan Yi
* Kentaro Iwata
* Katalin Karikó
* Matt Keeling
* Trudie Lang
* Li Lanjuan
* W. Ian Lipkin
* Ma Xiaowei
* Shabir Madhi
* Allison McGeer
* Camilla Rothe
* Shi Zhengli
* Moncef Slaoui
* Mike Tildesley
* John Todd
* Wang Chen
* Wang Guangfa
* Drew Weissman
* Yuen Kwok-yung
* Zeng Guang
* Zhang Jixian
* Zhang Yongzhen
* Zhong Nanshan

Officials|

| WHO|

* Tedros Adhanom (Director-General of the WHO)
* Bruce Aylward (Team lead of WHO-China COVID-19 mission)
* Maria Van Kerkhove (Technical Lead for COVID-19 response)
* Michael J. Ryan (Executive Director of the WHO Health Emergencies Programme)

|

By location|

* Frank Atherton (Wales)
* Ashley Bloomfield (New Zealand)
* Catherine Calderwood (Scotland)
* Chang Shan-chwen (Taiwan)
* Anutin Charnvirakul (Thailand)
* Chen Shih-chung (Taiwan)
* Kenneth Chuang Yin-ching (Taiwan)
* Victor Costache (Romania)
* Fabrizio Curcio (Italy)
* Carmen Deseda (Puerto Rico)
* Jaap van Dissel (the Netherlands)
* Christian Drosten (Germany)
* Francisco Duque III (Philippines)
* Anthony Fauci (United States)
* Francesco Paolo Figliuolo (Italy)
* Graça Freitas (Portugal)
* Henrique Gouveia e Melo (Portugal)
* Matt Hancock (United Kingdom)
* Hamad Hasan (Lebanon)
* Greg Hunt (Australia)
* Tony Holohan (Ireland)
* Jeong Eun-kyeong (South Korea)
* Fahrettin Koca (Turkey)
* Li Keqiang (China)
* Hugo López-Gatell Ramírez (Mexico)
* Michael McBride (Northern Ireland)
* Oriol Mitjà (Andorra)
* Zweli Mkhize (South Africa)
* Doni Monardo (Indonesia)
* Alma Möller (Iceland)
* Saeed Namaki (Iran)
* Ala Nemerenco (Moldova)
* Nguyễn Thanh Long (Vietnam)
* Noor Hisham Abdullah (Malaysia)
* Ali Pilli (Northern Cyprus)
* Daniel Salinas (Uruguay)
* Jérôme Salomon (France)
* Fernando Simón (Spain)
* Gregor Smith (Scotland)
* Su Ih-jen (Taiwan)
* Łukasz Szumowski (Poland)
* Theresa Tam (Canada)
* Anders Tegnell (Sweden)
* Þórólfur Guðnason (Iceland)
* Sotiris Tsiodras (Greece)
* Harsh Vardhan (India)
* Víðir Reynisson (Iceland)
* Carla Vizzotti (Argentina)
* Vlad Voiculescu (Romania)
* Chris Whitty (United Kingdom)
* Lawrence Wong (Singapore)
* Jeff Zients (United States)

Others|

* Chen Qiushi
* Brett Crozier
* Fang Bin
* Fang Fang
* Joseph Ashitey Hammond
* Li Zehua
* Captain Tom Moore
* Qiu Menghuang
* Ren Zhiqiang

Deaths|

* List

Data (templates)

| Global|

* Cases, deaths, recoveries by country
* Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country
* Tests, cases, tests per capita, cases per capita by country subdivision
* WHO situation reports
* cases
* January 2020
* February 2020
* March 2020
* April 2020
* May 2020
* June 2020
* July 2020
* August 2020
* September 2020
* October 2020
* November 2020
* December 2020
* January 2021
* February 2021
* March 2021
* April 2021
* May 2021
* June 2021
* July 2021
* August 2021
* deaths
* World map by countries: confirmed per capita
* China
* Hospital beds by country
* Lockdowns

|

Africa|

* Algeria
* Angola
* Benin
* Botswana
* Burkina Faso
* Burundi
* Cameroon
* Comoros
* Egypt
* Eswatini
* Ethiopia
* Ghana
* cases chart
* Ivory Coast
* Kenya
* Libya
* Malawi
* Mali
* Mauritania
* Mauritius
* Morocco (including occupied Western Sahara)
* Mozambique
* Namibia
* Nigera
* cases chart
* São Tomé and Príncipe
* Senegal
* Seychelles
* Sierra Leone
* South Africa
* cases chart
* South Sudan
* Sudan
* Tanzania
* Togo
* Tunisia
* Uganda
* Zambia
* Zimbabwe
* cases chart

Americas|

* Argentina
* Bolivia
* Brazil
* Canada
* by province
* vaccinations by province
* Chile
* by commune
* Colombia
* Costa Rica
* cases chart
* Cuba
* Dominican Republic
* Ecuador
* El Salvador
* Guatemala
* Haiti
* Honduras
* Mexico
* cases chart
* Nicaragua
* Panama
* Paraguay
* Peru
* United States
* by state
* Uruguay
* Venezuela

Asia|

* Afghanistan
* Armenia
* Artsakh
* Azerbaijan
* Bahrain
* Bangladesh
* by division
* Bhutan
* cases chart
* Brunei
* Cambodia
* cases chart
* summary
* China
* cases chart
* confirmed per capita
* lockdowns
* by province
* Hong Kong
* Macau
* Cyprus
* East Timor
* Egypt
* Georgia
* India
* Indonesia
* cases chart
* Iran
* cases chart
* Iraq
* Israel
* cases chart
* Japan
* cases chart
* Jordan
* Kazakhstan
* Kuwait
* cases chart
* Kyrgyzstan
* Laos
* Lebanon
* Malaysia
* cases chart
* charts
* Myanmar
* cases chart
* summary
* Nepal
* cases chart
* Oman
* cases chart
* Pakistan
* cases chart
* Philippines
* cases chart
* areas of quarantine
* vaccinations chart
* Qatar
* Russia
* cases chart
* by federal subject
* North Asia
* Saudi Arabia
* Singapore
* South Korea
* cases chart
* vaccinations charts
* Sri Lanka
* Syria
* Taiwan
* vaccination charts
* Tajikistan
* Thailand
* cases chart
* Turkey
* cases chart
* United Arab Emirates
* cases chart
* Uzbekistan
* cases chart
* Vietnam
* statistics charts
* Yemen

Europe|

* Albania
* Austria
* cases chart
* Belarus
* Belgium
* cases chart
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* cases chart
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* cases chart
* Faroe Islands
* Estonia
* cases chart
* Finland
* France
* cases chart
* Germany
* cases chart
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* cases chart
* Ireland
* cases chart
* Italy
* cases chart
* statistics charts
* vaccinations chart
* Kosovo
* Latvia
* cases chart
* Lithuania
* cases chart
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
* Monaco
* Montenegro
* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
* cases chart
* Poland
* cases chart
* by voivodeship
* Portugal
* cases chart
* Romania
* cases chart
* Russia
* cases chart
* by federal subject
* North Asia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* cases chart
* by region
* Slovenia
* cases chart
* Spain
* cases chart
* Sweden
* cases chart
* Switzerland
* cases chart
* Turkey
* cases chart
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
* Scotland
* 2020
* 2021
* Gibraltar
* vaccinations chart
* daily
* by nation
* Vatican City

Oceania|

* Australia
* by state/territory
* Fiji
* French Polynesia
* New Caledonia
* New Zealand
* Papua New Guinea
* Solomon Islands

Others|

* Cruise ships
* Diamond Princess

* v
* t
* e

COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

* Timeline
* early cases
* 2020
* 2021
* Data
* by state
* chart
* Testing
* Vaccination
* mandates
* misinformation and hesitancy
* Misinformation

Locations|

| States and D.C.|

* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* timeline
* S.F. Bay Area
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* timeline
* Massachusetts
* timeline
* Boston
* timeline
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* New York City
* timeline
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Columbus
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Portland
* Pennsylvania
* Philadelphia
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* timeline
* Austin
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* Washington, D.C.
* White House
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

|

Territories and
other areas|

* American Samoa
* Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
* Immigration detention
* Guam
* Navajo Nation
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Puerto Rico
* U.S. Virgin Islands

Ships|

* Grand Princess
* USS Theodore Roosevelt

Responses|

| Government
response|

* Pre-pandemic exercises
* Crimson Contagion
* Event 201
* Federal government response
* Trump administration communication
* Operation Warp Speed
* Biden administration COVID-19 action plan
* State and local government responses
* state responses
* California government response
* New York government response
* Texas government response
* Regional responses
* Eastern States Multi-state Council
* Midwest Governors Regional Pact
* Western States Pact
* Eviction moratoriums
* House Select Subcommittee on the Coronavirus Pandemic
* White House Coronavirus Task Force
* COVID-19 Advisory Board
* Great American Economic Revival Industry Groups
* Hospital ships
* USNS Mercy
* USNS Comfort
* 2020 Oval Office address
* Paycheck Protection Program
* Pandemic Response Accountability Committee
* Special Inspector General for Pandemic Recovery
* COVID-19 Congressional Oversight Commission

Legislation|

* Coronavirus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020
* Families First Coronavirus Response Act
* CARES Act
* Paycheck Protection Program and Health Care Enhancement Act
* HEROES Act
* HEALS Act
* American Rescue Plan

Private
response|

* Center for COVID Control
* Covid Act Now
* COVID Tracking Project
* MusiCares COVID-19 Relief Fund

Media|

* 30 Rock: A One-Time Special
* Acting for a Cause
* Digital Drag Fest
* Home Movie: The Princess Bride
* iHeart Living Room Concert for America
* Make It Work!
* Saturday Night Seder
* Saturday Night Live at Home
* Sesame Street: Elmo's Playdate
* The Disney Family Singalong
* Volume II
* Take Me to the World: A Sondheim 90th Birthday Celebration
* Together at Home
* Saving Our Selves
* A Parks and Recreation Special
* Rise Up New York!
* "U.S. Deaths Near 100,000, An Incalculable Loss"
* Dear Class of 2020
* #Graduation2020
* Graduate Together: America Honors the High School Class of 2020
* We Are One: A Global Film Festival
* Global Goal: Unite for Our Future
* A Killer Party
* The Disney Holiday Singalong
* WrestleMania 36
* Ratatouille the Musical
* Nicole Kidman AMC Theatres commercial
* 93rd Academy Awards
* 74th Tony Awards
* Stars in the House

Impacts|

| Social|

* 2020 presidential election
* postal voting
* 2021 hospital crisis
* Abortion
* Congressional insider trading scandal
* Education
* Face masks
* Foster care
* Microsoft Teams
* Protests
* Open the States
* George Floyd
* Election
* United States Capitol attack
* Racial disparities
* African-American communities
* Native American communities
* Sports
* Television
* programs affected
* The Walt Disney Company
* Zoom Video Communications

* 2022–2023 pediatric care crisis

|

Economic|

* Meat industry
* Recession
* Restaurant industry
* Stock market crash

Strikes|

* Alabama aluminum plant strike
* Allegheny Technologies strike
* Bath shipbuilders' strike
* Columbia University strike
* Frito-Lay strike
* HarperCollins strike
* Heaven Hill strike
* Hunts Point Produce Market strike
* John Deere strike
* Kellogg's strike
* Mercy Hospital strike
* Michigan graduate students' strike
* Nabisco strike
* Oregon Tech strike
* Saint Vincent Hospital strike
* St. Charles Bend strike
* St. Paul Park refinery strike
* University of Illinois Hospital strikes
* Virginia Volvo Trucks strike
* Warrior Met Coal strike

Notable
people|

| Federal|

* Jerome Adams
* Scott Atlas
* Alex Azar
* Joe Biden
* Deborah Birx
* Rick Bright
* Anthony Fauci
* Pete Gaynor
* Brett Giroir
* Stephen Hahn
* Ashish Jha
* Ron Klain
* Nancy Messonnier
* Vivek Murthy
* Peter Navarro
* Mike Pence
* Gustave F. Perna
* Robert R. Redfield
* Todd T. Semonite
* Moncef Slaoui
* Andy Slavitt
* Donald Trump
* Rochelle Walensky
* Jeff Zients

|

State and
local|

* Amy Acton
* Eric Adams
* Greg Abbott
* Kate Brown
* Andrew Cuomo
* Dave A. Chokshi
* Bill de Blasio
* Ron DeSantis
* Mike DeWine
* Eric Garcetti
* Kathy Hochul
* Larry Hogan
* Jay Inslee
* Jim Kenney
* Brian Kemp
* Ned Lamont
* Lori Lightfoot
* Phil Murphy
* Gavin Newsom
* J. B. Pritzker
* Gretchen Whitmer
* Tom Wolf

Scientists|

* Yaneer Bar-Yam
* Carl Bergstrom
* Mandy Cohen
* Kizzmekia Corbett
* Natalie Dean
* Eric Feigl-Ding
* Céline Gounder
* Scott Gottlieb
* Peter Hotez
* Akiko Iwasaki
* Ashish Jha
* Marc Lipsitch
* Syra Madad
* Lauren Meyers
* Michael Mina
* Michael Osterholm
* Kimberly Prather
* Caitlin Rivers

COVID-19 portal

Portals:

* COVID-19
* Medicine
* United States
* Viruses

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