Thallium(I) sulfate

Names
Other names

Thallous sulfate, Thallium sulfate

Identifiers

CAS Number

* 7446-18-6 Y

3D model (JSmol)

* Interactive image

ChEBI |

* CHEBI:81836

ChemSpider |

* 23218 Y

ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.365
KEGG |

* C18567 Y

PubChem CID

* 24833

RTECS number |

* XG6800000

UNII |

* U9F9QIR12T Y

UN number | 1707

CompTox Dashboard (EPA)

* DTXSID1024336

InChI

* InChI=1S/H2O4S.2Tl/c1-5(2,3)4;;/h(H2,1,2,3,4);;/q;2*+1/p-2 Y

Key: YTQVHRVITVLIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Y

* InChI=1/H2O4S.2Tl/c1-5(2,3)4;;/h(H2,1,2,3,4);;/q;2*+1/p-2

Key: YTQVHRVITVLIRD-NUQVWONBAB

SMILES

* [Tl+].[Tl+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O

Properties

Chemical formula

| Tl2SO4
Molar mass | 504.83 g/mol
Appearance  | white prisms or dense white powder
Odor | odorless
Density | 6.77 g/cm3
Melting point | 632 °C (1,170 °F; 905 K)

Solubility in water

| 2.70 g/100 mL (0 °C)
4.87 g/100 mL (20 °C)
18.45 g/100 mL (100 °C)

Magnetic susceptibility (χ)

| −112.6·10−6 cm3/mol

Refractive index (nD)

| 1.860
Structure

Crystal structure

| rhomboid
Hazards
GHS labelling:

Pictograms

Signal word

| Danger

Hazard statements

| H300, H315, H372, H411

Precautionary statements

| P260, P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P362, P391, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)  |

Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):

LD50 (median dose)

| 16 mg/kg (rat, oral)
23.5 mg/kg (mouse, oral)[1]

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

N verify (what is YN ?)

Infobox references

Chemical compound

Thallium(I) sulfate (Tl2SO4) or thallous sulfate is the sulfate salt of thallium in the common +1 oxidation state, as indicated by the Roman numeral I. It is often referred to as simply thallium sulfate.[2]

## Uses[edit]

During the last two centuries, Tl2SO4 had been used for various medical treatments but was abandoned. In the later 1900s it found use mainly for rodenticides.[3] These applications were prohibited in 1975 in the US due to the nonselective nature of its toxicity. Thallium(I) sulfate inhibits the growth of plants by preventing germination. Tl2SO4 is mostly used today as a source of Tl+ in the research laboratory. It is a precursor to thallium(I) sulfide (Tl2S), which exhibits high electrical conductivity when exposed to infrared light.

## Preparation[edit]

Thallium(I) sulfate is produced by the reaction of thallium metal with sulfuric acid followed by crystallization.

## Structure[edit]

Tl2SO4 adopts the same structure as K2SO4. In aqueous solution, the thallium(I) cations and the sulfate anions are separated and highly solvated. Thallium(I) sulfate crystals have a C2 symmetry.

## Toxicity[edit]

Thallium(I) sulfate is soluble in water and its toxic effects are derived from the thallium(I) cation. The mean lethal dose of thallium(I) sulfate for an adult is about 1 gram. Since thallium(I) sulfate is a simple powder with indistinctive properties, it can easily be mistaken for more innocuous chemicals. It can enter the body by ingestion, inhalation, or through contact with the skin. The thallium(I) cation is very similar to potassium and sodium cations, which are essential for life. After the thallium ion enters the cell, many of the processes that transport potassium and sodium are disrupted. Due to its poisonous nature, many western countries have banned the use of thallium(I) sulfate in products for home use and many companies have also stopped using this compound.

A dosage in excess of 500 mg is reported as fatal. Thallium(I) sulfate, after entering the body, concentrates itself in the kidneys, liver, brain, and other tissues in the body.

Thallium(I) sulfate was used in Israel to control the rodent population; it is suspected that in the 1950s, this resulted in the disappearance of the brown fish owl.[4]

## Sources[edit]

* Saha A. Thallium toxicity: A growing concern. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2005;9:53-56

## References[edit]

1. ^ "Thallium (soluble compounds, as Tl)". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
2. ^ Micke, Heinrich; Wolf, Hans Uwe (2000). "Thallium and Thallium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a26_607.
3. ^ World Health Organization Pesticide Data Sheet no.10 (1975)
4. ^ Mendelssohn, H. Ecological effects of chemical control of rodents and jackals in Israel at LPO Mission Rapaces

## External links[edit]

* International Chemical Safety Card 0336
* NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
* Pesticide Data Sheet (WHO/FAO)
* Kaunas University of Technology
* University of Wisconsin-Madison Chemistry Department
* Smithsonian National Zoological Park
* ISIS Conducting Chemical Weapons Tests on Live Victims

* v
* t
* e

Thallium compounds

Thallium(I)|

* TlN3
* TlOH
* TlI
* TlBr
* Tl2CO3
* TlCl
* TlF
* TlNO3
* Tl2O
* Tl2SO4
* Tl2S
* Tl2Te
* TlI3
* TBCCO

| Organothallium(I)|

* TlC2H3O2
* Tl2C3H2O4
* TlC5H5

|

Thallium(III)|

* TlH3
* Tl(OH)3
* Tl2O3
* Tl(NO3)3
* TlF3

* v
* t
* e

Compounds containing the sulfate group (SO2−4)

| H2SO4 |  |  |  | He

|
|
|
|

Li2SO4 | BeSO4 | B2S2O9
-BO3
+BO3 | esters
ROSO−3
(RO)2SO2
+CO3
+C2O4 | (NH4)2SO4
[N2H5]HSO4
(NH3OH)2SO4
NOHSO4
+NO3 | HOSO4 | +F | Ne
Na2SO4
NaHSO4 | MgSO4 | Al2(SO4)3
Al2SO4(OAc)4 | Si  | +PO4 | SO2−4
HSO3HSO4
(HSO4)2
+SO3 | +Cl | Ar
K2SO4
KHSO4 | CaSO4 |  | Sc2(SO4)3 | TiOSO4 | VSO4
V2(SO4)3
VOSO4 | CrSO4
Cr2(SO4)3 | MnSO4 | FeSO4
Fe2(SO4)3 | CoSO4
Co2(SO4)3 | NiSO4
Ni2(SO4)3 | CuSO4
Cu2SO4
[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)]SO4 | ZnSO4 | Ga2(SO4)3 | Ge  | As  | +SeO3 | Br  | Kr
RbHSO4
Rb2SO4 | SrSO4 |  | Y2(SO4)3 | Zr(SO4)2 | Nb  | MoSO4
Mo2(SO4)3
Mo(SO4)2
Mo(SO4)3 | Tc  | Ru(SO4)2 | RhSO4
Rh2(SO4)3 | PdSO4 | Ag2SO4
AgSO4 | CdSO4 | In2(SO4)3 | SnSO4
Sn(SO4)2 | Sb2(SO4)3 | Te  | I  | Xe
Cs2SO4
CsHSO4 | BaSO4 |  | Lu2(SO4)3 | Hf  | Ta  | W  | Re  | OsSO4
Os2(SO4)3
Os(SO4)2 | IrSO4
Ir2(SO4)3 | PtSO4
Pt(SO4)2 | AuSO4
Au2(SO4)3 | Hg2SO4
HgSO4 | Tl2SO4
Tl2(SO4)3 | PbSO4
Pb(SO4)2 | Bi2(SO4)3 | PoSO4
Po(SO4)2 | At  | Rn
Fr  | RaSO4 |  | Lr  | Rf  | Db  | Sg  | Bh  | Hs  | Mt  | Ds  | Rg  | Cn  | Nh  | Fl  | Mc  | Lv  | Ts  | Og
| ↓  |  |
La2(SO4)3 | Ce2(SO4)3
Ce(SO4)2 | Pr2(SO4)3 | Nd2(SO4)3 | Pm2(SO4)3 | Sm2(SO4)3 | EuSO4
Eu2(SO4)3 | Gd2(SO4)3 | Tb2(SO4)3 | Dy2(SO4)3 | Ho2(SO4)3 | Er2(SO4)3 | Tm2(SO4)3 | Yb2(SO4)3
Ac2(SO4)3 | Th(SO4)2 | Pa  | U2(SO4)3
U(SO4)2
UO2SO4 | Np(SO4)2 | Pu(SO4)2 | Am2(SO4)3 | Cm2(SO4)3 | Bk  | Cf2(SO4)3 | Es  | Fm  | Md  | No
*[CID]: Compound ID
*[EPA]: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
*[H300]: H300: Fatal if swallowed
*[H315]: H315: Causes skin irritation
*[H372]: H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure
*[H411]: H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects
*[P260]: P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
*[P264]: P264: Wash ... thoroughly after handling.
*[P270]: P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
*[P273]: P273: Avoid release to the environment.
*[P280]: P280: Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
*[P301+P310]: P301+P310: IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
*[P302+P352]: P302+P352: IF ON SKIN: Wash with soap and water.
*[P314]: P314: Get Medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
*[P321]: P321: Specific treatment (see ... on this label).
*[P330]: P330: Rinse mouth.
*[P332+P313]: P332+P313: If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention.
*[P362]: P362: Take off contaminated clothing.
*[P391]: P391: Collect spillage.
*[P405]: P405: Store locked up.
*[P501]: P501: Dispose of contents/container to ...
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