The Crown of India

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For the crown worn by three British sovereigns during the final decades of the Indian Empire, see Imperial Crown of India.

The Crown of India, was a masque, an elaborate theatrical presentation, staged in 1912 to celebrate the visit the preceding December of King George V and Queen Mary to Delhi for their coronation as Emperor and Empress of India. For this masque, the English composer Sir Edward Elgar wrote the music as his Op. 66, with a libretto by Henry Hamilton. The masque consisted of two tableaux: "The Cities of Ind" and "Ave Imperator!".

## Music

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Pieces from the Crown of India Suite played by the U.S. Marine Band:

Menuetto (2:00)

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Warrior’s Dance (2:01)

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Intermezzo (3:29)

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March of the Mogul Emperors (3:48)

All of the above transcribed by Frank Winterbottom in 1913, and played in 2008 for the album Music From the Land of Hope and Glory under direction of Michael Colburn

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The masque was first performed at the Coliseum Theatre in London on 11 March 1912. Elgar composed twelve pieces for contralto, bass, chorus and orchestra:

Tableau I: The Cities of Ind

* 1a Introduction
* 1b Sacred Measure
* 2 – Dance of Nautch Girls
* 2a India greets her Cities
* 3 – Song (Agra): 'Hail, Immemorial Ind!' (The homage of Ind)
* 3a Entrance of Calcutta. India: 'Welcome Calcutta!'
* 3b Entrance of Delhi. Delhi: 'Stop! That place is mine'
* 4a Introduction
* 4b March of the Mogul Emperors. India: 'Illustrious Emperors!'
* 5 – Entrance of John Company.[1] Calcutta: 'Good John Company, reply'
* 5a Entrance of St. George. India: 'Calcutta, Delhi, give your quarrel pause'
* 6 – Song (St. George): 'The Rule of England'
* 7 – Interlude

Tableau II: Ave Imperator!

* 8a Introduction
* 8b Warriors' Dance
* 9 – The Cities of Ind.[2] India: 'Hail Festal Hour from out the Ages drawn'
* 10 – March: 'The Crown of India'. India: 'Incessu patuit Imperator'
* 10a The Homage of Ind
* 11 – The Crowning of Delhi
* 12 – Ave Imperator!

## First performance

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The London Coliseum programme for the first week of the performance[3] shows that The Crown of India masque was the most important of the eleven acts in the show. There were two Tableaux: "The Cities of Ind" and "Ave Imperator!".[4] The programme listed the cast, who personified 'India' herself, England represented by 'St. George', and various Indian cities. There were also attendant performers, in elaborate costumes, personifying other roles. Elgar attended the daily rehearsals for two weeks, then conducted the hour-long show two performances a day for a further two weeks.

The cast included:

* India – Nancy Price
* St. George – Harry Dearth
* Agra – Marion Beeley[5]
* Delhi – May Leslie Stuart
* Calcutta – Evelyn Kerry
* Benares – Sybil Etherington
* Cities, Mogul Emperors, Princes, Guards, Executioners, Courtiers, Fan Bearers, Ladies Attendant Syce,[6] Litter Bearers, Heralds, Trumpeters, etc.

## Extracts

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Elgar later extracted five of the pieces – 1(a), 2, 5, 8 and 4 – and added an intermezzo for solo violin to create The Crown of India Suite. The first performance was at the Hereford Festival on 11 September 1912, by the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by the composer. The Suite gained immediate popularity: during Elgar's lifetime, there were 102 live performances of it on the BBC.[7]

The Crown of India March from the incidental music for the masque is also performed separately.

## Complete score

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This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2020)

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The complete score for the Crown of India incidental music was only published in a piano-vocal version by Elgar's friend Hugh Blair. The remaining orchestral parts were destroyed in the 1960s. In 2007 the Elgar Society commissioned the composer Anthony Payne to complete the orchestration of the music for The Crown of India. Payne is to "complete the scoring of the piano-vocal version and combining this, where appropriate, with the orchestral suite and march."[8]

## Recordings

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* The CD with the book Oh, My Horses! Elgar and the Great War[9] has many historical recordings including "Hail, Immemorial Ind", a 1975 recording with Carol Leatherby (soprano) and the Kensington Symphony Orchestra conducted by Leslie Head
* The Anthony Payne orchestration of the complete pageant was recorded by the BBC Philharmonic and Sir Andrew Davis in 2007 (Chandos).

A fine recording exists as part of The Great British Collection. Douglas Bostock conducts The Munich Symphony Orchestra.

## Notes

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1. ^ 'John Company' was the common personification of the British East India Company
2. ^ The cities represented were Agra, Delhi, Calcutta, Benares, Lucknow, Bombay, Madras, Haiderabad, Mysore, Gwalior, Allahabad and Lahore
3. ^ The London Coliseum programme, week commencing Monday, 11 March 1912
4. ^ Ave Imperator! (Latin): Hail the Emperor!
5. ^ Miss Marion Beeley, contralto
6. ^ Syce (Hindi/Urdu): Indian stableman or groom
7. ^ Jeffrey Richards: Imperialism and Music, Manchester University Press, 2001
8. ^ Elgar Society: Composer Anthony Payne agrees to complete the orchestration of the music for Elgar’s Crown of India
9. ^ Foreman, Lewis (ed.),Oh, My Horses! Elgar and the Great War, Elgar Editions, Rickmansworth, 2001 ISBN 0-9537082-3-3

## References

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* Kennedy, Michael (1987). Portrait of Elgar (Third ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-284017-7.
* Maine, Basil (1933). Edward Elgar: His Life and Works, vol. 2: Works. London: G. Bell & Sons Ltd.
* Moore, Jerrold N. (1984). Edward Elgar: a creative life. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-315447-1.

## External links and sources

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* The Crown of India: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
* The Crown of India, Op. 66 on the site of the Elgar Society
* Jeffrey Richards: Imperialism and Music, Manchester University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-7190-6143-1

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Edward Elgar

List of compositions

Incidental|

* Diarmuid and Grania (1901)
* The Crown of India (1911–12)
* The Starlight Express (1915–16)
* The Sanguine Fan (1917)

Symphonies|

* Symphony No. 1 (1907–08)
* Symphony No. 2 (1909–11)
* Symphony No. 3 (1932–34; completed by Payne in 1997)

Orchestral|

* The Wand of Youth (1869–1907)
* Powick Asylum Music (1879–1884)
* Sevillana (1884)
* Froissart (1890)
* Sursum corda (1894)
* Serenade for Strings (1894)
* Three Bavarian Dances (1898)
* Enigma Variations (1899)
* Cockaigne Overture (1900–01)
* Pomp and Circumstance Marches (1901–30)
* Dream Children (1902)
* Introduction and Allegro (1904–05)
* In the South (Alassio) (1904–05)
* Elegy (1909)
* Falstaff (1913)
* Sospiri (1914)
* Carillon (1914)
* Polonia (1915)
* Une voix dans le désert (1915)
* Le drapeau belge (1917)
* Nursery Suite (1930)
* The Severn Suite (1930)

Concertante|

* Violin Concerto (1901–10)
* Romance (1910)
* Cello Concerto (1918–19)

Chamber|

* Duett for trombone and double bass (1887)
* Idylle (1883)
* Salut d'Amour (1888)
* Chanson de Nuit (1897)
* Chanson de Matin (1899)
* Violin Sonata (1918)
* String Quartet (1918)
* Piano Quintet (1918–19)

Keyboard|

* Organ Sonata (1898)
* Concert Allegro (1901)

Choral|

* The Black Knight (1889–93)
* From the Bavarian Highlands (1895–96)
* The Dream of Gerontius (1899–1900)
* The Kingdom (1901–06)
* Coronation Ode (1902)
* The Apostles (1902–03)
* The Music Makers (1912)
* The Spirit of England (1915–17)

Vocal|

* "The Language of Flowers" (1872)
* "The Self Banished" (1875)
* "A War Song" (1884)
* Seven Lieder
* "Like to the Damask Rose" (1892)
* "Queen Mary's Song" (1889)
* "A Song of Autumn" (1892)
* "The Poet's Life" (1892)
* "Through the Long Days" (1885)
* "Rondel" (1894)
* "The Shepherd's Song" (1892)
* "Is she not passing fair?" (1886)
* "As I laye a-thynkynge" (1888)
* "The Wind at Dawn" (1888)
* "After" (1900)
* "A Song of Flight" (1900)
* Sea Pictures
* "Sea Slumber Song"
* "In Haven"
* "Sabbath Morning at Sea"
* "Where Corals Lie"
* "The Swimmer" (1897–99)
* "Dry those fair, those crystal eyes" (1899)
* "Always and Everywhere" (1901)
* "Come, Gentle Night!" (1901)
* "In the Dawn" (1901)
* "Speak, Music!" (1901)
* "There are seven that pull the thread" (1901)
* "In Moonlight" ((1904)
* "Follow the Colours" (1907)
* "Pleading" (1908)
* "A Child Asleep" (1909)
* "Oh, soft was the song" (1910)
* "Was it some Golden Star?" (1910)
* "Twilight" (1910)
* "The Chariots of the Lord" (1914)
* "Fight for Right" (1916)
* "Inside the Bar" (1917)
* "The Blue Mountains" (1924)
* "The Immortal Legions" (1924)
* Pageant of Empire (1924)
* "XTC" (1930)

Other topics|

* Dorabella Cipher
* Elgar Birthplace Museum
* The Elgar Sisters
* Elgar Society
* Elgar Uplands
* Elgar (film)

Family|

* August Jaeger
* Alice Elgar

* Category

Authority control databases |

* MusicBrainz work
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