The Crucifixion (Pavias)

Painting by Andreas Pavias

The Crucifixion

Greek: Η Σταύρωση
Artist| Andreas Pavias
Year| c. 1440-1512
Medium| tempera on wood
Movement| Cretan School
Subject| The Crucifixion of Christ
Dimensions| 83.5 cm × 59 cm (32.9 in × 23 in)
Location| National Gallery (Athens)

The Crucifixion is a tempera painting by Andreas Pavias, who was active in Crete during the second half of the 15th century and is considered part of the Cretan School. It is now in the National Gallery of Greece. The painting influenced countless arts. Georgios Klontzas, Emmanuel Lambardos, Ioannis Moskos created similar works. Pavias introduced multiple figures to his Crucifixion. Georgios Klontzas began to employ a similar method in his famous work In Thee Rejoiceth. A work that was emulated by Theodore Poulakis and Franghias Kavertzas. The painting exhibited characteristics of the traditional maniera greca and the Venetian style.[1][2][3][4]

## Description

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The work is egg tempera on wood with dimensions of 83.5 cm x 59 cm.[5] It was created in the late 15th century and depicts the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ. It shows influences of Late Gothic realism but follows the lines of the traditional maniera greca. Jesus is on the cross which has the classic Greek inscription IC and XC. Angels are collecting his blood into cups. Above the cross is a white bird with a long neck. At the bottom of the cross, a woman embraces the cross with a very sad face. The Virgin is the second most important figure in the painting. She is very upset. She is held up preventing her from falling. At the very bottom of the image are a skull and demons. A similar section exists in the Crucifixions of Ioannis Moskos and Theophanes the Cretan.

There are also angels behind the cross. The figure on our right or to the left of Jesus on the cross is the Impenitent thief and he is turned around. A similar figure is in Crucifixion paintings by Emmanuel Lambardos and Theophanes the Cretan. There is also a dark figure above the cross of the Impenitent thief in the Pavias. There is a huge group gathered for the historic event.[6]

The scene is very complicated due to the number of figures. He is one of the first Greek-style painters to begin to employ countless figures. The technique was later duplicated by Georgios Klontzas in both The Last Judgment and In Thee Rejoiceth. More painters began to use the multi-figuring technique. Leos Moskos Franghias Kavertzas also painted many figures in their similar renditions of both Pavias and Georgios Klontzas work. Pavias like Angelos Akotantos was considered a Cretan Renaissance master. Many artists adopted the new style that the early masters developed into their own works. Pavias influenced both Greek and Italian painters and is considered one of the forefathers of the Cretan Renaissance.

## Gallery

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* Crucifixion Emmanuel Lambardos

* Crucifixion Theophanes the Cretan

* Crucifixion Ioannis Moskos

## References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Crucifixion (Pavias).

1. ^ Drandaki, Anastasia (2009). The Origins of El Greco: Icon Painting in Venetian Crete. Athens Greece: Onassis Foundation. p. 64\. ISBN 9780981966601.
2. ^ Edwards, G.M. (2016). Analytical Archaeometry Selected Topics. London U.K.: Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 388.
3. ^ Richardson, Carol M. (2007). Locating Renaissance Art. London UK: Yale University Press. p. 201.
4. ^ Συλλογικό (1999). Εθνική Πινακοθήκη /100 χρόνια, Τέσσερις αιώνες Ελληνικής Ζωγραφικής, Από τις Συλλογές της Εθνικής Πινακοθήκης και του Ιδρύματος Ευριπίδη Κουτλίδη. Αθήνα: Εθνική Πινακοθήκη και Μουσείο Αλεξάνδρου Σούτζου. p. 178.
5. ^ Staff Writers (July 11, 2021). "The Crucifixion, second half of the 15th century". National Gallery Alexandros Soutzos Museum. Archived from the original on September 21, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
6. ^ Χατζηδάκης, Μανόλης; Μπορμπουδάκης, Μανόλης (1993). Εικόνες της Κρητικής τέχνης: από τον Χάνδακα ώς την Μόσχα και την Αγία Πετρούπολη. Αθήνα: Εθνική Πινακοθήκη Μουσείο Αλεξάνδρου Σούτζου. pp. 20–21.

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Cretan Renaissance

Principal proponents|

* El Greco
* Georgios Klontzas
* Michael Damaskinos
* Andreas Pavias
* Angelos Akotantos
* Andreas Ritzos
* Nikolaos Tzafouris
* Michael Fokas

Other artists|

* Thomas Bathas
* Markos Bathas
* Theophanes the Cretan
* Frangos Katelanos
* Ioannis Permeniates
* Angelos Pitzamanos
* Donato Bizamano
* Nikolaos Lampoudis
* Antonios Papadopoulos
* Ioannis Apakas
* Euphrosynos
* Nikolaos Ritzos
* Nikolaos Philanthropinos

Major works|

* The Virgin Eleousa (attr. Akotantos, 1425–1457)
* Saint Anne with the Virgin (attr. Akotantos, 1425–1457)
* Christ the Vine (Angelos, 1425–1457)
* The Virgin Pantanassa (Ritzos, 1436–1492)
* Jesus Hominum Salvator (Ritzos, 1436–1492)
* The Crucifixion (Pavias, c. 1440–1512)
* Christ Bearing the Cross (attr. Tzafouris, 1487–1501)
* Madre della Consolazione (Tzafouris, 1490)
* Madonna and Child Enthroned with Saints John the Baptist and Augustine (Permeniates, 1520–1530)
* Madonna of Constantinople (Pitzamanos, 1530)
* Adoration of the Magi (El Greco, 1565–1567)
* Dormition of the Virgin (El Greco, 1565–1566)
* Modena Triptych (El Greco, 1568)
* In Thee Rejoiceth (Klontzas, 1560–1608)
* Adoration of the Kings (Damaskinos, c. 1587–1591)
* The Last Supper (Damaskinos, 1587–1591)
* The Last Judgement Triptych (Klontzas, 1560–1608)
* Beheading of John the Baptist (Damaskinos, 1590)
* Virgin Nikopoios (Bathas, 1594)
* Stoning of Stephen (Damaskinos, 1591)
* Vision of the Apocalypse (Bathas, 1596)
* Portrait of Gabriel Severus (Bathas, 1577–1599)

Related|

* Hellenic Institute Venice
* Manolis Hatzidakis
* Institute of Neohellenic Research

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