The Mall (Cleveland)

United States historic place

Cleveland Mall

U.S. National Register of Historic Places

U.S. Historic district

View of the Mall, looking north, toward Lake Erie

Show map of Ohio

Show map of the United States

Location| Roughly T-shaped mall area between E. 9th and W. 3rd Sts., Cleveland, Ohio
Coordinates| 41°30′11″N 81°41′39″W﻿ / ﻿41.503025°N 81.694143°W﻿ / 41.503025; -81.694143
Area| 26 acres (11 ha)
Architect| Daniel Burnham, et al.
Architectural style| Beaux Arts
NRHP reference No.| 75001360[1]
Added to NRHP| June 10, 1975

The Cleveland Mall is a landscaped public park in downtown Cleveland, Ohio. One of the most complete examples of City Beautiful design in the United States, the park is a historic site listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[2]

## History

[edit]

The Mall was conceived as part of the 1903 Group Plan by Daniel Burnham, John Carrère, and Arnold Brunner[3] as a vast public space flanked by the city's major civic and governmental buildings, all built in the neoclassical style. Many of those buildings were built over the following three decades, including the Metzenbaum Courthouse (1910), Cuyahoga County Courthouse (1912), Cleveland City Hall (1916), Public Auditorium (1922), the Cleveland Public Library main building (1925), and the Cleveland Public Schools Board of Education building (1931).[4] Other buildings include Key Tower, the Global Center for Health Innovation, the Hilton Cleveland Downtown Hotel, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

The Group Plan of 1903. The Fountain of Eternal Life by Marshall Fredericks (1964)

In the spirit of the City Beautiful movement, formerly seedy areas were transformed into a "magnificent civic center", which was supposed to be crowned by the Union Terminal at the north end of the mall, on the shores of Lake Erie. However, the location of the station was eventually moved south and west, to Public Square, where it was finally born as the Terminal Tower.[5] Even though the plan was never fully carried out, it was one of the few City Beautiful plans to be realized to a large extent, and remains one of the most complete examples in the country.[2] The Mall was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.[1]

The Mall is divided into three sections, known as Malls A, B, and C. Mall A, the southernmost, is officially named Veterans' Memorial Plaza,[6] and Mall C was dedicated as Strawbridge Plaza in 2003. The Memorial Plaza, between Rockwell and St. Clair Avenues, is the site of Marshall Fredericks' Fountain of Eternal Life, also known as the War Memorial Fountain. The Cleveland Convention Center was built underneath Malls B and C in 1964. In 2010 the county purchased the underground convention center from the city as part of a project to completely rebuild it in conjunction with constructing the Global Center for Health Innovation and the Hilton Cleveland Downtown Hotel on the former site of the Cuyahoga County Administration Building across from Mall B. The new Huntington Convention Center of Cleveland opened in 2013 and has underground connections to Public Auditorium and the Global Center for Health Innovation. The Hilton officially opened in June 2016. Mall B and Mall C reopened after construction as predominantly grassy areas, with Mall B reaching 27 feet (8.2 m) above sidewalk level over the entrance to the Cleveland Convention Center along Lakeside Avenue.[7]

## Public art

[edit]

Cleveland Public Art sponsored a series of temporary public art installations on Mall B. In 2004, New York artist Brian Tolle installed For the gentle wind doth move Silently, invisibly. The work featured eight nine-foot-tall styrofoam neoclassical urns standing atop pedestals, warped to reflect actual wind data collected from Lake Erie.[4] The sculptures were taken down in 2006. In May 2008, Peter North and Alissa North of North Design Office in Toronto installed a work titled The Verdant Walk. It featured plantings of native grasses and seven fabric-covered sculptures. The sculptures were illuminated at night via a solar-powered LED system. They remained in place until 2010.[8]

After the reconstruction of the Mall, Stephen Manka's sculpture City of Light was installed on Mall B.[9] The illuminated steel sculpture was created for the 2013 National Senior Games. Manka described it as intended to "simulate the flames of the classic games with a wash of programmable light" and "part petal of a flower, part heavy duty turbine".[10]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
2. ^ a b Lawrence, Michael (1980). Make No Little Plans. Cleveland: Western Reserve Historical Society. pp. 20–25. ISBN 0-911704-24-8.
3. ^ Brunner, Arnold W. (June 1916). "Cleveland's Group Plan". Cornell University.
4. ^ a b "Public art warps reality on Cleveland mall". The Plain Dealer. October 1, 2004.
5. ^ Leedy, Walter C. Jr. "Cleveland's Terminal Tower—The Van Sweringens' Afterthought". Retrieved May 9, 2016.
6. ^ "GCVM History and Mission". Greater Cleveland Veterans Memorial. Archived from the original on February 16, 2009. Retrieved May 9, 2016.
7. ^ Litt, Steven (June 13, 2013). "Cleveland's new Convention Center and Global Center for Health Innovation aren't stand-alone icons, and that's a good thing". The Plain Dealer.
8. ^ Beach, David (June 22, 2008). "Art, environment, technology on the Mall". GreenCityBlueLake. Retrieved June 29, 2008.
9. ^ "City of Light". Ohio Outdoor Sculpture Inventory. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
10. ^ "City of Light". Stephen Manka Public Art. Retrieved February 24, 2021.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Mall (Cleveland).

* The Group Plan

* v
* t
* e

City of Cleveland

Topics|

* History
* Timeline
* Demographics
* Economy
* Media
* Flag
* Nicknames
* Notable people
* Public art
* Skyscrapers
* Cuyahoga County
* MSA
* CSA
* Bibliography

Government|

| Local|

* Mayor
* City Council
* City Hall
* Cleveland Metro School District
* Shaker Heights City School District (part)

|

State|

* Lausche State Office Building

Federal|

* Celebrezze Federal Building
* Coast Guard District 9
* Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland
* NASA Glenn Research Center
* Metzenbaum U.S. Courthouse
* Stokes U.S. Courthouse

Public safety|

* EMS
* Fire
* Police

Transportation|

| Land|

* RTA
* Shoreway
* Detroit–Superior Bridge
* Hope Memorial Bridge

|

Air|

* Burke Lakefront Airport
* Hopkins International Airport

Water|

* Goodtime III
* Port of Cleveland

Healthcare|

* Cleveland Clinic
* Health Education Campus
* University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center
* Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital
* MetroHealth System
* St. Vincent Charity Medical Center

Culture|

| Historic places|

* City Club of Cleveland
* Cleveland Arcade
* Cleveland Public Library
* Cleveland Trust Company Building
* Dunham Tavern
* Erie Street Cemetery
* Euclid Avenue
* Grays Armory
* Lake View Cemetery
* James A. Garfield Memorial
* Perry Monument
* Public Square
* Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument
* Terminal Tower
* West Side Market

|

Museums|

* A Christmas Story House
* Cleveland History Center
* Cleveland Museum of Art
* Cleveland Museum of Natural History
* Children's Museum of Cleveland
* Cleveland Hungarian Museum
* Cozad–Bates House Interpretive Center
* Dittrick Museum of Medical History
* Great Lakes Science Center
* Steamship William G. Mather Museum
* NASA Glenn Visitors Center
* International Women's Air & Space Museum
* Italian American Museum of Cleveland
* Learning Center and Money Museum
* Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland
* Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
* Ukrainian Museum-Archives
* USS Cod

Parks and nature|

* Cleveland Botanical Garden
* Cleveland Metroparks
* Cleveland Metroparks Zoo
* Cuyahoga River
* Gordon Park
* Greater Cleveland Aquarium
* Lake Erie
* Lake Link Trail
* The Mall
* Rockefeller Park
* Cleveland Cultural Gardens
* Wade Park
* Willard Park

Performing arts|

* Cleveland Ballet
* Cleveland Cinematheque
* Cleveland Orchestra
* Severance Hall
* Cleveland Playhouse
* Cleveland Public Theatre
* Great Lakes Theater
* Karamu House
* Maltz Performing Arts Center
* Near West Theatre
* Playhouse Square
* Talespinner Children's Theatre

Sports, concert,
and convention venues|

* Agora Theatre and Ballroom
* Cleveland Browns Stadium
* Cleveland Masonic Temple
* Huntington Convention Center
* I-X Center
* Jacobs Pavilion
* Progressive Field
* Public Auditorium
* Rocket Mortgage FieldHouse
* Wolstein Center

Traditions|

* Feast of the Assumption
* Dyngus Day
* Kurentovanje
* Saint Patrick's Day
* Sweetest Day
* Thyagaraja Festival

Neighborhoods|

* Broadway–Slavic Village
* Brooklyn Centre
* Buckeye–Shaker
* Buckeye–Woodhill
* Central
* Clark–Fulton
* Collinwood
* Cudell
* Cuyahoga Valley
* The Flats
* Whiskey Island
* Detroit–Shoreway
* Downtown
* Campus District
* Civic Center
* East 4th Street
* Gateway District
* Nine-Twelve District
* North Coast Harbor
* Short Vincent
* Superior Arts District
* Warehouse District
* Edgewater
* Euclid–Green
* Fairfax
* Glenville
* Goodrich–Kirtland Park
* Asiatown
* Hough
* Kinsman
* Lee–Miles
* Mount Pleasant
* Ohio City
* Old Brooklyn
* St. Clair–Superior
* Stockyards
* Tremont
* Duck Island
* Union–Miles Park
* University Circle
* Little Italy
* West Boulevard
* West Park
* Bellaire–Puritas
* Hopkins
* Jefferson
* Kamm's Corners

Sports|

| Major league|

* NFL: Cleveland Browns
* NBA: Cleveland Cavaliers
* MLB: Cleveland Guardians

|

Minor League|

* G League: Cleveland Charge
* MLIS: Cleveland Crunch
* AHL: Cleveland Monsters

College|

* NCAA D1 (Horizon League):  Cleveland State Vikings
* NCAA D3 (UAA):  Case Western Reserve Spartans

* v
* t
* e

U.S. National Register of Historic Places

Topics|

* Architectural style categories
* Contributing property
* Historic district
* History of the National Register of Historic Places
* Keeper of the Register
* National Park Service
* Property types

Lists by state|

* List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state:
* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kansas
* Kentucky
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nebraska
* Nevada
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

Lists by insular areas|

* American Samoa
* Guam
* Minor Outlying Islands
* Northern Mariana Islands
* Puerto Rico
* Virgin Islands

Lists by associated state|

* Federated States of Micronesia
* Marshall Islands
* Palau

Other areas|

* District of Columbia
* American Legation, Morocco

Related|

* National Historic Preservation Act
* Historic Preservation Fund
* List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
* University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places

* National Register of Historic Places portal
* Category

Authority control databases: Geographic |

* MusicBrainz place

|

*[No.]: number
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template