The Ring and the Book

1869 verse novel by Robert Browning

The Ring and the Book

Cover, circa 1868.

Author| Robert Browning
Country| Britain
Language| English
Genre| Narrative poem, historical fiction, true crime, mystery
Set in| Papal States, 1698

Publication date

| 1868
OCLC| 1050733752

Dewey Decimal

| 821.83
LC Class| PR4219.A2 A4
Text| The Ring and the Book at Wikisource
The Ring and the Book

First page of the original manuscript

Form| Blank verse
Meter| Unrhymed iambic pentameter
Lines| 21,000[1]

The Ring and the Book is a long dramatic narrative poem, and, more specifically, a verse novel, of 21,000 lines, written by Robert Browning. It was published in four volumes from 1868 to 1869 by Smith, Elder & Co.[2]

Photograph of the prison where the three main figures were imprisoned

## Plot outline[edit]

The book tells the story of a murder trial in Rome, Papal States in 1698, whereby an impoverished nobleman, Count Guido Franceschini, is found guilty of the murders of his young wife Pompilia (née Comparini) and her parents, having suspected his wife was having an affair with a young cleric, Giuseppe Caponsacchi. Having been found guilty despite his protests and sentenced to death, Guido then appeals—unsuccessfully—to Pope Innocent XII to overturn the conviction. The poem comprises twelve books, ten of which are dramatic monologues spoken by different characters involved in the case (Count Guido speaks twice), usually giving a different account of the same events, and two books (the first and the last) spoken by the author.[3]

## Books making up the full poem[edit]

Countryside crossed by Pompilia

1. The Ring and the Book
2. Half-Rome
3. The Other Half-Rome
4. Tertium Quid
5. Count Guido Franceschini
6. Giuseppe Caponsacchi
7. Pompilia
8. Dominus Hyacinthus de Archangelis
9. Juris Doctor Johannes Baptista Bottinius
10. Pope Innocent XII
11. Guido
12. The Book and the Ring

## Major characters[edit]

Portrait of Guido, from an 1897 edition Map showing the road from Arezzo to Foligno.

* Count Guido Franceschini,
* Pompilia Comparini, his wife
* Pietro Comparini, supposed father of Pompilia
* Violante Comparini, supposed mother of Pompilia
* Giuseppe Caponsacchi, a priest
* Pope Innocent XII

## Conception and analysis[edit]

Castelnuovo di Porto with its Pretura (magistrate's court).

The poem is based on a real-life case. Under Roman law at the time, trials were not held in open court but rather by correspondence, whereupon each witness was required to submit a written statement for future adjudication. Browsing in a flea market in Florence in 1860, Browning came across a large volume of these written statements relating to the 1698 Franceschini case, and bought it on the spot. This volume – later known as the Yellow Book, after the colour of its aged covers – struck Browning as an excellent basis for a poem, but he was unable to get any further than the basic idea and often offered it as a subject to other writers, notably Alfred Tennyson, upon which to base a poem or novel. Luckily for posterity, there were no takers, and following his wife's death and his return to England, Browning revived his old plan for a long poem based on the Roman murder case almost eight years after the idea had first struck him.

The first book features a narrator, possibly Browning himself, who relates the story of how he came across the Yellow Book in the market and then giving a broad outline of the plot. The next two books give the views and gossip of the Roman public, apparently divided over which side to support in the famous case, who give differing accounts of the circumstances surrounding the case and the events which took place. Book 4 is spoken by a lawyer, Tertium Quid, who has no connection to the case but gives what he claims is a balanced, unbiased view of proceedings. Book 5 sees the start of the testimony from the trial, allowing the accused murderer Franceschini to give his side of the story, Book 6 is the young priest who was accused of being Pompilia's lover, and who asserts no adultery took place, that he simply tried to help Pompilia escape her abusive husband. Book 7 is the account of the dying Pompilia, mortally wounded but not killed in the attack.

Books 8 and 9 consist of depositions by the two opposing trial lawyers, and are filled with legal bickering and discussion of minute pieces of evidence that may or may not be related to the case as a whole; these could be interpreted as representing Browning's somewhat humorous attacks on the convoluted English and European legal system. Book 10 is perhaps the best-known of the monologues in the poem, as Pope Innocent XII considers Franceschini's appeal against a wider backdrop of moral and theological questions, including well-wrought reflections on the nature of good and evil. However, the Pope ultimately rejects the Franceschini's plea. Book 11 is similarly well-regarded and features Franceschini in his cell the night before his execution, wherein he begs for his life and seems, at times, to lose his mind. Book 12 returns to the initial narrator's voice (which may not or may be Browning's), which chronicles the conclusion and implications of the trial, as well as the poem.[4]

## Reception and reputation[edit]

The Ring and the Book was, by some margin, the best-selling of all Browning's works during his lifetime. The depth of its philosophical, psychological, and spiritual insight is a step up from anything Browning produced before or after, and the poem was almost universally hailed as a work of genius, restoring the pioneering reputation among the first rank of English poets which Browning had lost with Sordello nearly thirty years previously. The book lost popularity with readers during the 20th century; after its printing by Scribner's in the early twentieth-century, The Ring and the Book was printed by W. W. Norton & Company in the 1960s and 1970s. It is now currently available, though still difficult to acquire affordably or in a non-scholarly reading edition, by Broadview Press.[5]

An illustrated guide of the region in which the story is set was published in 1913, entitled The Country of The Ring and the Book and written by Sir Frederick Treves, 1st Baronet.[6][7]

Facsimile, translated, and free digital copies of the Old Yellow Book (the source documents for the poem) are also available, and they reveal the extent of conjecture and invention Browning used when writing the poem. After Browning's death, a cache of documents relating to the case almost twice the size of the Yellow Book was found in an Italian library in the 1920s.

Browning's son Pen donated the Old Yellow Book and a ring of Browning's to Balliol College, Oxford University. The ring was mistakenly thought to be the one described in the poem.[8]

## Adaptations[edit]

The story is re-told in Derek Parker's 2001 true crime book Roman Murder Mystery: The True Story of Pompilia.

In July 2008, a two-part play adaptation of this story, set in poetry and prose by Martyn Wade and starring Anton Lesser as Browning, Roger Allam as Guido Franceschini and Louise Brealey as Pompilia, was broadcast as the BBC Radio 4 "Classic Serial". Abigail le Fleming produced and directed.

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ Bristol, University of. "2022: The Ring and the Book | Department of English | University of Bristol". www.bristol.ac.uk.
2. ^ Browning, Robert (2001). The Ring and the Book. Ontario: Broadview Press. pp. xi–xii. ISBN 1-55111-372-4.
3. ^ Fukawa, Tetsuo (1958). "A FEW WORDS ON BROWNING'S "THE RING AND THE BOOK"". The Annals of the Hitotsubashi Academy. 9 (1): 122–146 - via JSTOR.
4. ^ Woolford, John; Karlin, Daniel; Phelan, Joseph (eds.). "The Poems of Robert Browning: Volume Five: The Ring and the Book, Books 1-6". doi:10.4324/9781315761213/poems-robert-browning-volume-five-daniel-karlin-joseph-phelan-john-woolford.
5. ^ "The Ring and the Book". Broadview Press. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
6. ^ "The country of "The ring and the book,", by Frederick Treves | The Online Books Page". onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu.
7. ^ Treves, F. (1913). The Country of "The Ring and the Book" [, by Robert Browning]. By Sir Frederick Treves .... (n.p.): Cassell.
8. ^ Retrieved 1 March 2012.

## External links[edit]

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

The Ring and the Book

* Hodell, Charles W. The Old Yellow Book facsimile and translation, published by the Carnegie Institution of Washington (1908), at the Internet Archive.
* Parker, Derek. Roman Murder Mystery: the true story of Pompilia, published by Sutton Publishing, UK. (2001)
* The Ring and the Book public domain audiobook at LibriVox

* v
* t
* e

Robert Browning

Plays|

* Strafford (1837)
* Pippa Passes (1841)
* King Victor and King Charles (1842)
* The Return of the Druses (1843)
* A Blot in the 'Scutcheon (1843)
* Colombe's Birthday (1844)
* Luria (1846)
* A Soul's Tragedy (1846)
* In a Balcony (1855)

Poetry collections
and poems|

* Pauline: A Fragment of a Confession (1833)
* Paracelsus (1835)
* "Porphyria's Lover" (1836)
* "Johannes Agricola in Meditation" (1836)
* Sordello (1840)
* Dramatic Lyrics (1842, "My Last Duchess", "Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister", "Count Gismond")
* Dramatic Romances and Lyrics (1845, "Home-Thoughts, from Abroad", "How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix", "Meeting at Night", "The Laboratory", "The Lost Leader")
* Christmas-Eve and Easter-Day (1850)
* Men and Women (1855, "Love Among the Ruins", "Evelyn Hope", "Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came", "Andrea del Sarto", "Fra Lippo Lippi", "A Toccata of Galuppi's")
* Dramatis Personæ (1864, "Rabbi ben Ezra", "Caliban upon Setebos")
* The Ring and the Book (1868–9)
* Balaustion's Adventure (1871)
* Prince Hohenstiel-Schwangau, Saviour of Society (1871)
* Fifine at the Fair (1872)
* Red Cotton Night-Cap Country (1873)
* Aristophanes' Apology (1875)
* The Inn Album (1875)
* Pacchiarotto, and How He Worked in Distemper (1876)
* The Agamemnon of Aeschylus (1877)
* La Saisiaz and The Two Poets of Croisic (1878)
* Dramatic Idyls (1879, 1880)
* Jocoseria (1883)
* Ferishtah's Fancies (1884)
* Parleyings with Certain People of Importance in Their Day (1887)
* Asolando (1889)

Related|

* Browning Society
* Armstrong Browning Library, collections and papers
* Clasped Hands of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1853 sculpture)
* The Barretts of Wimpole Street
* 1934 film
* 1957 film

Family life|

* Elizabeth Barrett Browning (wife)
* Robert Barrett Browning (son)
* Casa Guidi

Authority control databases: National |

* France
* BnF data

|

*[OCLC]: Online Computer Library Center number
*[LC Class]: Library of Congress Classification
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