The Tunnel (1962 film)

1962 film

The Tunnel

Narrated by| Piers Anderton
Production
Producer| Reuven Frank
Original release
Network| NBC
Release| December 10, 1962 (1962-12-10)

The Tunnel was a 90-minute black-and-white documentary film that chronicled how three West Berlin university students organized the escape of 26 friends and family members by digging a tunnel underneath the Berlin Wall from a former factory in West Berlin into the Communist East.[1][2] Produced by Reuven Frank and narrated by Piers Anderton, it was an NBC White Paper installment that was broadcast on December 10, 1962, and sponsored by the Gulf Oil Corporation.[3]

The Tunnel earned three Emmy Awards in 1963. It was the only documentary to receive the award as The Program of the Year.[4] It was also honored for Outstanding Achievement in the Field of Documentary (awarded to Frank) and Outstanding Achievement in International Reporting (awarded to Anderton).[5][6]

The Tunnel was the basis for a pair of similarly named German projects (Der Tunnel) which were released just under four decades after the original. One was the 1999 documentary directed by Marcus Vetter, which featured the NBC footage accompanied by firsthand accounts from the actual participants.[7] The other was the 2001 television movie production directed by Roland Suso Richter, which was loosely based on the events recorded in the original.[8]

Later, in 2019, the BBC released a ten-part radio documentary about the escape, based on original interviews with the survivors, documents from the Stasi archives, and the NBC recordings.[9]

## Production

[edit]

NBC, who were in competition with CBS to be first to film a tunnel escape for their news programs, financed the excavation project, giving the students (the 2016 equivalent of) about $150,000 for exclusive rights to film them digging.[1]

An internal memo issued by Frank to the crew working on the documentary included the following outline of the goals of television news production:

> Every news story should, without sacrifice of probity and responsibility, display the attributes of fiction, of drama. It should have structure and conflict, problem and denouement, rising and falling action, a beginning, a middle, and an end. These are not only the essentials of drama; they are the essentials of narrative. We are in the business of narrative because we are in the business of communication.[10]

## Broadcast postponement

[edit]

The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) officially announced on 11 October 1962 that it was going to televise the documentary on 31 October from 7:30 p.m. to 9 p.m. (EST).[11] Reluctant to add to global tensions in light of the Cuban Missile Crisis, the television network decided on 23 October to indefinitely postpone the broadcast.[12]

The Kennedy administration had opposed[clarification needed] airing the documentary, worried that NBC was increasing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union at the height of the Cold War. Robert F. Kennedy, the president's brother and attorney general, was reported to have commented "That was a terrible thing you people did, buying that tunnel."[clarification needed] Concerns about the ethics of NBC's involvement and the safety of the students were also expressed.[1][clarification needed]

## See also

[edit]

* Tunnel 57, another tunnel built by the same group of students
* Girrmann Group, another group of students who organized escapes through the sewers in 1961
* Escape from East Berlin (1962 film)
* Korean Demilitarized Zone#Incursion tunnels

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Kulish, Nicholas (November 16, 2016). "Escape From East Berlin". The New York Times. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
2. ^ Merriman, Helena (2021). Tunnel 29. New York: Public Affairs. ISBN 9781541788831.
3. ^ Bliss, Edward. Now the News: The Story of Broadcast Journalism. New York City: Columbia University Press, 1991.
4. ^ "Former NBC News Exec Reuven Frank Dies," Academy of Television Arts & Sciences, Monday, February 6, 2006.
5. ^ 1962-1963 Emmy Awards - infoplease.
6. ^ Piers Barron Anderton (death notice), San Francisco Chronicle, Thursday, September 23, 2004.
7. ^ Der Tunnel (The Tunnel) - Filmperspektive.
8. ^ Der Tunnel (The Tunnel) - Under The Radar (magazine).
9. ^ "Intrigue: Tunnel 29". BBC. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
10. ^ Braun, Joshua A. "The Imperatives of Narrative: Health Interest Groups and Morality in Network News," The American Journal of Bioethics, August 2007.
11. ^ Adams, Val. "N.B.C.-TV Plans Documentary On Berlin Tunnel It Helped Build," The New York Times, Friday, 12 October 1962.
12. ^ Shepard, Richard F. "N.B.C. Postpones Tunnel Telecast," The New York Times, Wednesday, 24 October 1962.

## External links

[edit]

* The Tunnel (documentary film) - NBC Learn.
* The Tunnel (film transcript) - NBC Learn.
* Steinberg, Jacques. "Reuven Frank, Producer Who Pioneered TV News Coverage at NBC, Is Dead at 85," The New York Times, Tuesday, February 7, 2006.
* Collins, Scott. "Reuven Frank, 85; NBC Producer Helped Launch 'Huntley-Brinkley' Show, Los Angeles Times, Tuesday, February 7, 2006.

* v
* t
* e

Berlin Wall

Main articles|

* Inner German border
* Iron Curtain
* Wall of Shame
* East Berlin
* West Berlin
* German reunification
* Eastern Bloc emigration and defection
* Republikflucht
* Berlin Crisis of 1961
* Fall of the Berlin Wall
* Schießbefehl

Memorials, museums
and galleries|

* Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer
* White Crosses
* East Side Gallery
* Checkpoint Charlie Museum
* Topography of Terror
* Mauerpark
* Chapel of Reconciliation

Border crossings|

* Bornholmer Straße
* Checkpoint Charlie
* Checkpoint Bravo
* Berlin Friedrichstraße station
* Glienicke Bridge
* Invalidenstraße
* Oberbaum Bridge
* Sonnenallee
* Tränenpalast, Friedrichstraße station

People who died
breaching the Wall|

* Klaus Brueske
* Peter Fechter
* Winfried Freudenberg
* Christian-Peter Friese
* Chris Gueffroy
* Marienetta Jirkowsky
* Cengaver Katrancı
* Erna Kelm
* Czesław Kukuczka
* Horst Kutscher
* Günter Litfin
* Dorit Schmiel
* Egon Schultz
* Olga Segler
* Ida Siekmann
* Heinz Sokolowski
* Hildegard Trabant
* Rudolf Urban
* Christel and Eckhard Wehage

Others associated
with the Wall|

* Günter Schabowski
* Riccardo Ehrman
* Erich Honecker
* Konrad Schumann
* Walter Ulbricht
* David Hasselhoff
* Jutta Fleck

The Wall in speeches|

* "Ich bin ein Berliner"
* "Tear down this wall!"

In popular culture|

| Films and
TV series|

* Escape from East Berlin (1962)
* The Wall (1962)
* Stop Train 349 (1963)
* The Spy Who Came In from the Cold (1965)
* Freiheit (1966)
* Funeral in Berlin (1966)
* The Soldier (1982)
* Octopussy (1983)
* Gotcha! (1985)
* Wings of Desire (1987)
* Judgment in Berlin (1988)
* Das Versprechen (1995)
* Sonnenallee (1999)
* The Tunnel (2001)
* Buffalo Soldiers (2001)
* Good Bye, Lenin! (2003)
* Bornholmer Straße (2014)
* Bridge of Spies (2015)
* Atomic Blonde (2017)
* Deutschland 89 (2020)

|

Documentaries|

* The Road to the Wall (1962)
* The Tunnel (1962)
* Rabbit à la Berlin (2009)

Novels|

* The Spy Who Came in from the Cold (1963)
* Funeral in Berlin (1964)
* Judgment in Berlin (1984)
* Am kürzeren Ende der Sonnenallee (1999)
* Edge of Eternity (2014)

Songs|

* "West of the Wall" (1962)
* "Holidays in the Sun" (1977)
* "Nikita" (1985)

Other media|

* The Berlin Wall (1991 video game)
* The Day the Wall Came Down (1997 sculpture)

Other|

* List of Berlin Wall segments
* Ghost station
* Steinstücken
* Grenzgänger (Cross-border commuters)
* The Shame

* v
* t
* e

Primetime Emmy Award for Program of the Year

* Operation Undersea (1954)
* Peter Pan (1955)
* Requiem for a Heavyweight (1956)
* The Comedian (1957)
* An Evening with Fred Astaire (1958)
* Macbeth (1961)
* Victoria Regina (1962)
* The Tunnel (1963)
* The Making of the President 1960 (1964)
* The Ages of Man (1966)
* Death of a Salesman (1967)
* Elizabeth the Queen (1968)
* Teacher, Teacher, (1969)
* A Storm in Summer (1970)
* The Andersonville Trial (1971)
* Brian's Song (1972)
* A War of Children (1973)

* https://archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/browse?cuecard=62526

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