They Call the Wind Maria

Song from the musical Paint Your Wagon

"They Call the Wind Marīa" (/məˈraɪ.ə/) is an American popular song with lyrics written by Alan J. Lerner and music by Frederick Loewe for their 1951 Broadway musical Paint Your Wagon, which is set in the California Gold Rush. Rufus Smith originally sang the song on Broadway, and Joseph Leader was the original singer in London's West End.[1] It quickly became a runaway hit,[2] and during the Korean War, the song was among the "popular music listened to by the troops".[3] Vaughn Monroe and his Orchestra recorded the song in 1951, and it was among the "popular hit singles at the record stores" that year.[4] It has since become a standard, performed by many notable singers across several genres of popular music. A striking feature of the song in the original orchestration (also used in many cover versions), is a driving, staccato rhythm, played on the string instruments, that evokes a sense of restless motion.

## Critical reception

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It has been called Paint Your Wagon's "best known song" and "rousing but plaintive."[5] Musicologist Stephen Citron wrote, "Perhaps the most unusual song in the score is a beautiful ballad of lonely prospectors hungering for their women, 'They Call the Wind Maria' – not chauvinistic in this case, for each man is yearning for his own girl." It is unclear why Citron thought this made the song "not chauvinistic in this case" or why he oddly seemed to think that a situation where the prospectors were singing about someone else would be "chauvinistic."[6] Composer and conductor Lehman Engel wrote that the song "has a cowboy flavor", and commented that "In the lyric, its folk quality is accentuated." Engel concluded that "Lerner has invented an interesting kind of narration".[7] Princeton University historian Robert V. Wells wrote that it is "a sad and wistful song about being far from home".[8] Theater historian Don B. Wilmeth called the song "haunting", and said that it evokes "emptiness".[9]

Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.[10]

## Folk music revival

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The song gained renewed popularity during the American folk music revival. In 1959, it was included on the Kingston Trio's first live album, ...from the Hungry i, which reached #2 on the Billboard Pop chart and won a RIAA gold record in 1960.[11][12] It was also included on the Smothers Brothers first album, The Songs and Comedy of the Smothers Brothers! Recorded at the Purple Onion, San Francisco, released in 1961.[13] Other folk singers who performed the song include Josh White[14] and Burl Ives. Musical historian John Bush Jones wrote that the song "so evokes the American West that during the folksinging craze of the later 1950s countless Americans thought 'They Call the Wind Maria' was a folksong, not a show tune!" [15]

## 1969 film version

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The song was featured in the 1969 Hollywood film Paint Your Wagon, starring Lee Marvin, Clint Eastwood and Jean Seberg. In the film, the song was performed by Harve Presnell. The New York Times said that Presnell's role in the film "delivered the golden opportunity to sing the unforgettable ballad."[16] Theater writer Thomas Hischak said that "in one of the film's few pleasing moments, Harve Presnell gave full voice to 'They Call the Wind Maria' and it was lovely to hear".[2] Referring to Eastwood and Marvin, film reviewer Brian W. Fairbanks wrote that "Harve Presnell steals both stars' thunder with a knockout version of the best song."[17]

In a promotional tie-in with release of the film, recorded versions of the song were issued by seven singers and groups, including Presnell, Ed Ames, Burl Ives, Jim Nabors and the Baja Marimba Band. Several record labels participated.[18]

## Background and pronunciation of "Maria"

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In the 1941 novel Storm, George Rippey Stewart names the storm that is the protagonist of his story Maria.[19] In 1947, Stewart wrote a new introduction for a reprint of the book and discussed the pronunciation of "Maria": "The soft Spanish pronunciation is fine for some heroines, but our Maria here is too big for any man to embrace and much too boisterous." He went on to say, "So put the accent on the second syllable, and pronounce it 'rye'".[20]

The success of Stewart's novel was one factor that motivated U.S. military meteorologists to start the informal practice of giving women's names to storms in the Pacific during World War II. The practice became official in 1945.[20][21] In 1953, a similar system of using women's names was adopted for North Atlantic storms. This continued until 1979, when men's names were incorporated into the system.[22] Although Stewart's story is set in 1935, the novel and its effect on meteorology later inspired Lerner and Loewe to write a song for their play about the California gold rush, and like Stewart, they too gave a wind storm the name Maria, which is pronounced /məˈraɪ.ə/.[20] The lines throughout the song end in feminine rhymes mostly using the long 'i' sound /aɪ/, echoing the stress pattern and vowel sound of the name Maria.

## Cultural influence

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The American singer, songwriter and producer Mariah Carey was named after this song.[23][24]

Maria Creek, a glacial meltwater stream in Antarctica, was given its name on account of the strong winds in the area.

An episode of the TV series M*A*S*H is called “They Call the Wind Korea” (S7, E8 - originally aired 10/30/78).

Robin the Frog twice breaks into the song on The Muppet Show (S2, E12 - originally aired 11/4/77)

Two-time Tony Award winner John Cullum sings the song in character at a karaoke bar during the ER episode "Be Still My Heart".

The film version of the song is featured in the end credits to 50 First Dates where it accompanied the dedication to the late Stanley Sandler that was written by his son and 50 First Dates star Adam Sandler.

## Other versions

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Broadway and recording star Robert Goulet considered it "a personal favorite",[25] and a version by Jack Barlow charted at number 58 on Hot Country Songs.[26] Other notable acts who have performed the song include:

* 101 Strings[27]
* Ed Ames[18]
* Baja Marimba Band[18]
* Leon Bibb[28]
* Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers[29]
* The Browns[30]
* Arthur Conley[29]
* Sam Cooke[31]
* The Country Gentlemen[32]
* Vic Damone[33]
* Eddie Fisher[34]
* Gila Bend[35]
* Richard Kiley[36]
* Frankie Laine[37]
* Vaughan Monroe and his Orchestra[38]
* Jim Nabors[18]
* P.J. Proby[29]
* John Raitt[39]
* Pernell Roberts[40]
* Zoot Sims[41]
* Bryn Terfel[29]
* Stan Wilson[42]
* Earl Wrightson[43]

## References

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1. ^ Green, Stanley (1980). Encyclopedia of the Musical Theatre. Da Capo Press. pp. 417. ISBN 978-0-306-80113-6.
2. ^ a b Hischak, Thomas S. (2008). The Oxford companion to the American musical: theatre, film, and television. Oxford University Press. p. 138\. ISBN 978-0-19-533533-0.
3. ^ Edwards, Paul M. (2006). The Korean War: American Soldiers' Lives. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 153\. ISBN 978-0-313-33248-7.
4. ^ Desiderio, Bob (December 1, 2001). "1951 concludes amid boom in real estate". Daytona Beach News-Journal. Daytona Beach, Florida. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
5. ^ Browne, Pat (2001). The guide to United States popular culture. Popular Press. p. 486\. ISBN 978-0-87972-821-2.
6. ^ Citron, Stephen (1995). The wordsmiths: Oscar Hammerstein 2nd and Alan Jay Lerner. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-508386-6.
7. ^ Engel, Lehman (1975). Their words are music: the great theatre lyricists and their lyrics. Crown Publishers. p. 139\. ISBN 978-0-517-51682-9.
8. ^ Wells, Robert V. (2009). Life flows on in endless song: folk songs and American history. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-07650-3.
9. ^ Wilmeth, Don B. (2007). The Cambridge guide to American theatre. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-83538-1.
10. ^ Western Writers of America (2010). "The Top 100 Western Songs". American Cowboy. Archived from the original on 19 October 2010.
11. ^ Liner notes: The Kingston Trio and ...from the Hungry i Capitol Records reissue. Liner notes by Ben Blake, 1992.
12. ^ R.B.M. (November 6, 1961). "Frenzied Concert Pace: Pickin' and a Singin', Kingston Trio Big Hit". Windsor Star. Windsor, Ontario. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
13. ^ "Smothers Brothers Albums". SmothersBrothers.com. January 1, 2001. Archived from the original on October 18, 2005. Retrieved March 26, 2011.
14. ^ Wald, Elijah (2000). Josh White: society blues. Amherst, Massachusetts: University of Massachusetts Press. p. 290\. ISBN 978-1-55849-269-1.
15. ^ Jones, John Bush (2003). Our musicals, ourselves: a social history of the American musical theatre. UPNE. p. 169\. ISBN 978-0-87451-904-4.
16. ^ Grimes, William."Harve Presnell, Singing Actor, Dies at 75,"The New York Times, July 2, 2009
17. ^ Fairbanks, Brian W. (2005). I Saw That Movie, Too: Selected Film Reviews. Lulu. ISBN 978-1-4116-3535-7.
18. ^ a b c d "Movie Inspires Music Campaign". Calgary Herald. Calgary. October 9, 1969. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
19. ^ Norcross, Bryan (2007). 2007 Hurricane Almanac: The Essential Guide to Storms Past, Present, and Future. Macmillan. p. 138\. ISBN 978-0-312-37152-4.
20. ^ a b c Heidorn, Keith C. "George Stewart's Storm: Remembering A Classic". The Weather Doctor. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
21. ^ "Naming Hurricanes" (National Hurricane Center). Retrieved 2007-06-12.
22. ^ Landsea, Chris. "How are tropical cyclones named?". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
23. ^ "Celebrity Central / Top 25 Celebs – Mariah Carey". People. Retrieved December 15, 2010.
24. ^ Jason Buchanan (2013). "Mariah Carey: About This Person". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. New York. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
25. ^ Hamblin, Dora Jane (April 26, 1963). "Handsome Sir Robert, The Lady-Slayer: Gangway for Goulet". Life magazine. New York. pp. 86–94. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
26. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2008). Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008. Record Research, Inc. p. 43\. ISBN 978-0-89820-177-2.
27. ^ "Romantic Classics (3 Disc Box Set) (with 5 Exclusive Downloads)". Walmart.com. October 26, 2010.
28. ^ "The Ed Sullivan Show: Mar 10, 1963: Kaye Stevens, Wayne & Shuster, Leon Bibb, Guy Lombardo Orchestra". TV.com. Archived from the original on 2012-11-26. Retrieved 2015-11-05.
29. ^ a b c d "Recording: They Call the Wind Maria". Second Hand Songs:a cover songs database. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
30. ^ Bogdanov, Vladimir; Woodstra, Chris; Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2001). All music guide: the definitive guide to popular music. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 978-0-87930-627-4.
31. ^ Strong, Martin Charles; Peel, John (2004). The great rock discography. Canongate U.S. p. 329\. ISBN 978-1-84195-615-2.
32. ^ "Discographie des Country Gentlemen". Rocky 52: Fan de Rockabilly de Rock'n'Roll et de Country Music. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
33. ^ Forester (January 11, 1973). "Electric Rhythm and Blues". The Age. Melbourne. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
34. ^ Schwann long playing record catalog, Volume 18, Issues 1-2. W. Schwann Inc. 1966.
35. ^ "Kim Chee Cowboy (1993)". www.discogs.com. Still Sane Records – 084-92182. 1993. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
36. ^ Voedisch, Lynn (November 24, 1989). "Star-filled gala betrays subtlety of Lerner's tunes". Chicago Sun-Times. Chicago. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
37. ^ "Wheels of a Dream: Frankie Laine". Amazon. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
38. ^ Desiderio, Bob (December 1, 2001). "1951 concludes amid boom in real estate". Daytona Beach News-Journal. Daytona Beach, Florida. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
39. ^ Dyer, Richard (June 18, 1992). "John Raitt, Baritone Highlights of Broadway; Under Open Skies Capitol Double Play CD". Boston Globe. Boston. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
40. ^ Roberts, Pernell. "Come All Ye Fair And Tender Ladies". MSN Music. Archived from the original on September 19, 2012. Retrieved March 27, 2011.
41. ^ Myers, Mark (November 19, 2009). "Zoot Sims: Bossa Nova Sessions". JazzWax. All About Jazz. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
42. ^ "Clef Records Catalog". JazzDisco.org. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
43. ^ "TV Concert Stars Lois Hunt". Chicago Tribune. Chicago. December 10, 1961. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved March 27, 2011.

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