Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester

14th-century English prince and nobleman

"Thomas of Woodstock" redirects here. For the play, see Thomas of Woodstock (play).

Thomas of Woodstock

Duke of Gloucester, Duke of Aumale, Earl of Buckingham and Earl of Essex
Successor| Humphrey, 2nd Earl of Buckingham
Born| 7 January 1355
Woodstock Palace, Oxfordshire
Died| 8 or 9 September 1397 (aged 42)
Calais, Pale of Calais
Spouse| Eleanor de Bohun
Issue
Detail| Humphrey, 2nd Earl of Buckingham
Anne of Gloucester
Joan, Lady Talbot
Isabel

House| Plantagenet
Father| Edward III of England
Mother| Philippa of Hainault
Arms of Thomas of Woodstock: Royal arms of England (arms of his father King Edward III) with difference a bordure argent[1] Thomas of Woodstock (left, identified by his arms) jousting in Vannes, Brittany, with John V The Conqueror, Duke of Bretagne, KG. Circa 1480, from a MS of Froissart's Chronicles in the British Library, London

Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester (7 January 1355 - 8 or 9 September 1397)[2] was the fifth surviving son and youngest child of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault.

## Early life[edit]

Thomas was born on 7 January 1355 at Woodstock Palace in Oxfordshire after two short-lived brothers, one of whom had also been baptised Thomas.[3] He married Eleanor de Bohun in 1374,[4] was given Pleshey Castle in Essex, and was appointed Constable of the Realm, a position previously held by the Bohuns.[3][5] The younger sister of Woodstock's wife, Mary de Bohun, was subsequently married to Henry of Bolingbroke, Earl of Derby, who later became King Henry IV of England.

In 1377, at the age of 22, Woodstock was knighted[3] and created Earl of Buckingham.[6] On 22 June 1380 he became Earl of Essex in right of his wife.[7] In 1385, he received the title Duke of Aumale, and at about the same time was created Duke of Gloucester.[8]

## Campaign in Brittany[edit]

Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel; Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester; Thomas de Mowbray, Earl of Nottingham; Henry, Earl of Derby (later Henry IV); and Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick, demand that Richard II let them prove by arms the justice of their rebellion Murder of Thomas of Woodstock in Calais Arms of Thomas of Woodstock quartering arms of his father-in-law Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford (1341–1373), father of his wife Eleanor de Bohun (c. 1366–1399). Royal Arms of England within the 4th quarter the arms of Bohun (Azure, a bend argent cotised or between six lions rampant or). 15th-century stained glass, west window, St Peter's Church, Tawstock, Devon. Tawstock was a seat of William Bourchier, jure uxoris Baron FitzWarin (1407–1470) (a descendant of Thomas of Woodstock's daughter Anne of Gloucester), who had married the heiress of Tawstock

Thomas of Woodstock was in command of a large campaign in northern France that followed the War of the Breton Succession of 1343–1364. The earlier conflict was marked by the efforts of John IV, Duke of Brittany to secure control of the Duchy of Brittany against his rival Charles of Blois. John was supported in this struggle by the armies of the Kingdom of England, whereas Charles was supported by the Kingdom of France. At the head of an English army, John prevailed after Charles was killed in battle in 1364, but the French continued to undermine his position, and he was later forced into exile in England.

John returned to Brittany in 1379, supported by Breton barons who feared the annexation of Brittany by France. An English army was sent under Woodstock to support his position. Due to concerns about the safety of a longer shipping route to Brittany itself, the army was ferried instead to the English continental stronghold of Calais in July 1380.[9]

As Woodstock marched his 5,200 men east of Paris, they were confronted by the army of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy, at Troyes, but the French had learned from the Battle of Crécy in 1346 and the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 not to offer a pitched battle to the English. Eventually, the two armies simply marched away. French defensive operations were then thrown into disarray by the death of King Charles V of France on 16 September 1380. Woodstock's chevauchée continued westwards largely unopposed, and in November 1380 he laid siege to Nantes and its vital bridge over the Loire towards Aquitaine.[10] However, he found himself unable to form an effective stranglehold, and urgent plans were put in place for Sir Thomas Felton to bring 2,000 reinforcements from England. By January, though, it had become apparent that the Duke of Brittany was reconciled to the new French king Charles VI, and with the alliance collapsing and dysentery ravaging his men, Woodstock abandoned the siege.[10]

## Dispute with King Richard II[edit]

Returning to England early in 1381, Thomas of Woodstock found that his brother, John of Gaunt, had married his wife's sister, Mary de Bohun, to John's own son Henry. The relations between the brothers, hitherto somewhat strained, were not improved by this event; presumably, Thomas was hoping to retain possession of Mary's estates. Still, having taken part in crushing the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, Thomas became more friendly with John, and in 1385 was created duke of Gloucester. However, this mark of favour did not prevent him from taking up an attitude of hostility to his nephew, Richard II.[5]

Thomas placed himself at the head of the party that was opposed to the royal advisers, Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk and Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford, whose recent elevation to Duke of Ireland had aroused discontent. Supported by those who were indignant at the extravagance and incompetence, real or alleged, of the king, Thomas was soon in a position of authority. He forced the dismissal and impeachment of Suffolk; was a member of the commission appointed in 1386 to reform the kingdom and the royal household; and took up arms when Richard began proceedings against the commissioners. Having defeated de Vere at the Battle of Radcot Bridge in December 1387 the duke and his associates entered London to find the king powerless in their hands. Thomas, who had previously threatened his nephew with deposition, was only restrained from taking this extreme step by the influence of his colleagues; but, as the leader of the "Lords Appellant" in the "Merciless Parliament," which met in February 1388 and was packed with his supporters, he took revenge upon his enemies, which culminated in a successful rebellion in 1388 that significantly weakened the king's power.[5]

Richard II quickly regained control and eventually, in 1397, managed to dispose of the Lords Appellant. By 1396, Thomas and Richard were again at odds over policy. In 1397, Thomas was arrested at his home by the king himself and was imprisoned in Calais to await trial for treason.[5] During that time he was murdered, probably by a group of men led by Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, and the knight Sir Nicholas Colfox, presumably on behalf of Richard II; parliament declared him guilty of treason and his estates forfeited.[5] These events caused an outcry among the nobility of England that is considered by many to have added to Richard's unpopularity.[citation needed]

Thomas was buried in Westminster Abbey, first in the Chapel of Saint Edmund and Saint Thomas in October 1397, and two years later reburied in the Chapel of Saint Edward the Confessor. His wife was buried next to him.[11]

## Marriage and progeny[edit]

Thomas married Eleanor de Bohun (c. 1366–1399), the elder daughter and co-heiress (with her sister Mary de Bohun) of Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford (1341–1373).[12] Thomas of Woodstock and his wife Eleanor had issue as follows:

* Humphrey, 2nd Earl of Buckingham (c. 1381 - 1399), died aged 18, unmarried and without issue;
* Anne of Gloucester (c. 1383 - 1438) who married three times:
* Firstly to Thomas Stafford, 3rd Earl of Stafford,[13] without issue;
* Secondly to Edmund Stafford, 5th Earl of Stafford, the youngest brother of her first husband, by whom she had issue one son and two daughters;
* Thirdly to William Bourchier, 1st Count of Eu (1374–1420),[5] by whom she had issue, represented today by the Wrey baronets (heirs of the Bourchier Earls of Bath), who quarter the arms of Bohun, Bourchier and Thomas of Woodstock.[a]
* Joan (1384–1400), who married Gilbert Talbot, 5th Baron Talbot (1383–1419) and died in childbirth
* Isabel (12 March 1385/1386 - c.1421), a nun of the Order of Minoresses[14]

As he was attainted as a traitor, his dukedom of Gloucester was forfeit. The title Earl of Buckingham was inherited by his son, who died in 1399 only two years after Thomas' own death. Thomas of Woodstock's eldest daughter, Anne, married into the powerful Stafford family, who were Earls of Stafford. Her son, Humphrey Stafford was created Duke of Buckingham in 1444 and also inherited part of the de Bohun estates.

The other part of these estates—including the Earldom of Hereford, which had belonged to Mary de Bohun and had then become incorporated into the holdings of the House of Lancaster—became a matter of contention in the latter 15th century.

## In literature[edit]

* Thomas of Woodstock's murder plays a prominent part in William Shakespeare's play Richard II, though he is dead at the time of the play's beginning.
* He also is the subject of Thomas of Woodstock, another Elizabethan drama by an anonymous playwright. Because of its stylistic affinities to Shakespeare's play, it is also called Richard the Second Part One.

## Ancestry and family[edit]

Ancestors of Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 16\. Henry III of England[15]

|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|

| 8\. Edward I of England[15]|

|  |  |
| 17\. Eleanor of Provence[15]

| 4\. Edward II of England[15]|

|  |  |  |  |
| 18\. Ferdinand III of Castile[15]

| 9\. Eleanor of Castile[15]|

|  |  |
| 19\. Joan, Countess of Ponthieu[15]

| 2\. Edward III of England|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 20\. Philip III of France[17] (= 28)

| 10\. Philip IV of France[15]|

|  |  |
| 21\. Isabella of Aragon[17] (= 29)

| 5\. Isabella of France[15]|

|  |  |  |  |
| 22\. Henry I of Navarre[18]

| 11\. Joan I of Navarre[16]|

|  |  |
| 23\. Blanche of Artois[18]

| 1\. Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester|
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 24\. John I, Count of Hainaut[16]

| 12\. John II, Count of Hainaut[16]|

|  |  |
| 25\. Adelaide of Holland[16]

| 6\. William I, Count of Hainaut[16]|

|  |  |  |  |
| 26\. Henry V, Count of Luxembourg[16]

| 13\. Philippa of Luxembourg[16]|

|  |  |
| 27\. Margaret of Bar[16]

| 3\. Philippa of Hainault|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 28\. Philip III of France[17] (= 20)

| 14\. Charles, Count of Valois[2]|

|  |  |
| 29\. Isabella of Aragon[17] (= 21)

| 7\. Joan of Valois[16]|

|  |  |  |  |
| 30\. Charles II of Naples[2]

| 15\. Margaret, Countess of Anjou[2]|

|  |  |
| 31\. Mary of Hungary[2]

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

* v
* t
* e

Family tree of the Earls of Essex, Earls of Hereford, and Viscounts Hereford

| | | Godwin
(c. 1001–1053)
Earl of Wessex

|
|

| | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Earl of Hereford (1st creation), 1043| | Earl of Hereford (3rd creation), 1058| | | | | | | | | | Earl of Hereford (2nd creation), 1052| | Earl of Hereford (4th creation), 1067
Sweyn Godwinson
(1020–1052)
Earl of Hereford| | Harold Godwinson
(c. 1022–1066)
Earl of Hereford, King of the English| | William de Mandeville
(d. before 1130)| | | | | | Ralph the Timid
(d. 1057)
Earl of Hereford| | William FitzOsbern
(1011–1071)
1st Earl of Hereford
Earldom of Hereford (1st creation) forfeit, 1051| | Earldom of Hereford (3rd creation) extinct, 1066| | | | | | | | | | | | Earldom of Hereford (2nd creation) extinct, 1057| | | | |
| | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | Earl of Essex (1st creation), 1140| | | | | | | | | | | Earl of Hereford (5th creation), 1141
| | | | William de Say I| | Beatrice ("Beatrix") de Say
(d. 1197)| | Geoffrey de Mandeville
(d. 1144)
1st Earl of Essex| | | | | | Roger de Breteuil
(1058– after 1087)
2nd Earl of Hereford| | Miles of Gloucester
(d. 1143)
1st Earl of Hereford

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Earldom of Hereford (4th creation) forfeit, 1074| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | William de Say II
(d. 1184)| | Geoffrey de Saye I
(d. 1214)| | Geoffrey de Mandeville
(d. 1166)
2nd Earl of Essex| | William de Mandeville
(d. 1189)
3rd Earl of Essex| | Margaret of Hereford
(1122/1123–1197)| | Roger Fitzmiles
(before 1125–1155)
2nd Earl of Hereford
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Earldom of Essex (1st creation) extinct, 1189| | | | | | | Earldom of Hereford (5th creation) extinct, 1155
Earl of Essex (2nd creation), 1199| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Geoffrey Fitz Peter
(c. 1162–1213)
1st Earl of Essex| | Beatrice de Say| | Geoffrey de Saye II
(1155–1230)| | Hawise ("Alice") de Clare| | Humphrey III de Bohun
(before 1144–1181)
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Earl of Hereford (6th creation), 1199
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Geoffrey FitzGeoffrey de Mandeville
(c. 1191–1216)
2nd Earl of Essex| | William FitzGeoffrey de Mandeville
(d. 1227)
3rd Earl of Essex| | Maud FitzGeoffrey
Maud de Mandeville| | Henry de Bohun
(1176–1220)
1st Earl of Hereford

| | | | | | | | Earldom of Essex (2nd creation) extinct, 1227| | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Earl of Essex (3rd creation), 1239
| | | | | | | | | | | | Humphrey de Bohun
(1204–1275)
1st Earl of Essex, 2nd Earl of Hereford|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Humphrey de Bohun
(d. 1265)|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Edward I
(1239–1307)
King of England| | | | | | Humphrey de Bohun
(c. 1249–1298)
2nd Earl of Essex, 3rd Earl of Hereford
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | | | Edward II
(1284–1327)
King of England| | Elizabeth of Rhuddlan
(1282–1316)| | Humphrey de Bohun
(1276–1322)
3rd Earl of Essex, 4th Earl of Hereford

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Edward III
(1312–1377)
King of England| | John de Bohun
(1306–1336)
4th Earl of Essex, 5th Earl of Hereford| | Humphrey de Bohun
(1309–1361)
5th Earl of Essex, 6th Earl of Hereford| | William de Bohun
(c. 1312–1360)
1st Earl of Northampton
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Humphrey de Bohun
(1342–1373)
6th Earl of Essex, 7th Earl of Hereford
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Earldom of Essex (3rd creation) and Earldom of Hereford (6th creation) extinct, 1373
| | | | Earl of Essex (4th creation), 1376| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
| | | | Thomas of Woodstock
(1355–1397)
Earl of Essex| | Eleanor de Bohun
(c. 1366–1399)| | | | | | Mary de Bohun
(c. 1369/1370–1394)| | Henry IV
(1367–1413)
King of England
| |
| | | | Earldom of Essex (4th creation) forfeit, 1397| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| |
| | | | William Bourchier
(1374–1420)| | Anne of Gloucester
(1383–1438)

| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | Earl of Essex (5th creation), 1461
| | | | Henry Bourchier
(c. 1404/1406–1483)
1st Earl of Essex
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | William Bourchier
(d. 1480)
Viscount Bourchier| | Anne Woodville
(1438–1489)| | Elizabeth Woodville
(c. 1437–1492)| | Edward IV
(1442–1483)
King of England
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
John Devereux
(c. 1464–1501)
9th Baron Ferrers of Chartley| | Cecily Bourchier
(died c. 1492/1493)| | Henry Bourchier
(c. 1467/80–1540)
2nd Earl of Essex| | | | | | Elizabeth of York
(1466–1503)| | Thomas Parr
(1478–1517)
| | | | | | | | | Earldom of Essex (5th creation) forfeit 1540| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Viscount Hereford| | | | | | | | | | Earl of Essex (6th creation), 1540| | | | | | | | | | | |
Walter Devereux
(1488–1558)
1st Viscount Hereford, 10th Baron Ferrers of Chartley| | | | | | | | | | Thomas Cromwell
(1485–1540)
Earl of Essex| | Henry VIII
(1491–1547)
King of England| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Earldom of Essex (6th creation) forfeit, 1540| | | | | | | | | | | | Earl of Essex (7th creation), 1543
| | | | | | | |
Richard Devereux
(c. 1513–1547)| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Catherine Parr
(1512–1548)| | William Parr
(1513–1571)
Marquess of Northampton, Earl of Essex
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Earldom of Essex (7th creation) forfeit 1553, restored 1559, extinct 1571
Earl of Essex (8th creation), 1572| | | | | | Devereux Baronet of Castle Bromwich, 1611
Walter Devereux
(1541–1576)
1st Earl of Essex, 2nd Viscount Hereford| | | | | | Edward Devereux
c. 1550–1622
1st Baronet
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
Robert Devereux
(1565–1601)
2nd Earl of Essex, 3rd Viscount Hereford| | | | | | | | | | Walter Devereux
1578–1658
5th Viscount Hereford, 2nd Baronet| | | | | | George Devereux
(c. 1581–1665)
Earldom of Essex forfeit, 1601| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Earldom of Essex (8th creation) restored, 1604| | Baron Capell of Hadham, 1641| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Robert Devereux
(1591–1646)
3rd Earl of Essex, 4th Viscount Hereford| | Arthur Capell
(1604–1649)
1st Baron Capell of Hadham| | | | | | Leicester Devereux
1617–1676
6th Viscount Hereford, 3rd Baronet| | | | | | | | |
Earldom of Essex (8th creation) extinct, 1646| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Earl of Essex (9th creation), 1661| | Baron Capell of Tewkesbury in the County of Gloucester, 1692| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Arthur Capell
(1631–1683)
2nd Baron Capell of Hadham
1st Earl of Essex| | Henry Capell
(1638–1696)
Baron Capell of Tewkesbury| | | | | | | | | | | | Price Devereux
(c. 1637–1673)| | Vaughan Devereux
(d. 1700)
| | | | | | | | | Barony Capell of Tewkesbury extinct, 1696| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | Algernon Capell
(1670–1710)
2nd Earl of Essex| | | | | | Leicester Devereux
1674–1683
7th Viscount Hereford, 4th Baronet| | Edward Devereux
1675–1700
8th Viscount Hereford, 5th Baronet| | Price Devereux
1664–1740
9th Viscount Hereford, 6th Baronet| | Arthur Devereux
d. 1711
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | William Capell
(1697–1743)
3rd Earl of Essex| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Price Devereux
1694–1748
10th Viscount Hereford, 7th Baronet| | Edward Devereux
c. 1710–1760
11th Viscount Hereford, 8th Baronet
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
Frances Hanbury-Williams
(c. 1735–1759)| | William Capell
(1732–1799)
4th Earl of Essex| | Harriet Bladen
(1735–1821)| | | | | | | | | | Edward Devereux
1740–1783
12th Viscount Hereford, 9th Baronet| | George Devereux
1744–1804
13th Viscount Hereford, 10th Baronet
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | |
| | | | George Capel-Coningsby
(1757–1839)
5th Earl of Essex| | John Thomas Capell
(1769–1819)| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Henry Fleming Lea Devereux
1777–1843
14th Viscount Hereford, 11th Baronet
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Arthur Algernon Capell
(1803–1892)
6th Earl of Essex| | Algernon Capell
(1807–1886)| | Adolphus Capell
(1813–1899)| | | | | | | | | | Henry Devereux
1807–1839| | Robert Devereux
1809–1855
15th Viscount Hereford, 12th Baronet
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Arthur de Vere Capell
(1826–1879)
Viscount Malden| | Charles Capell
(1845–1924)| | Horatio Bladen Capell
(1839–1933)| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Robert Devereux
1843–1930
16th Viscount Hereford, 13th Baronet
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | |
George Devereux de Vere Capell
(1857–1916)
7th Earl of Essex| | Arthur Algernon de Vere Capell
(1891–1950)| | Horace Charles George Arthur Capell
(1868–1953)| | Algernon Essex Capell
(1869–1952)| | Henry Addison Devereux Capell (1873–1925)| | | | | | Robert Charles Devereux
1865–1952
17th Viscount Hereford, 14th Baronet
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Algernon George de Vere Capell
(1884–1966)
8th Earl of Essex| | | | | | | Bladen Ozro Capell
(1897–1959)| | Algernon Arthur Capell| | Robert Capell
Sixth in line to the Earldom of Essex| | | | | | Robert Devereux
1894–1934|
| | | | | Earldom of Essex (9th creation) revived, 1989| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Reginald George de Vere Capell
(1906–1981)
9th Earl of Essex| | Robert Edward de Vere Capell
(1920–2005)
10th Earl of Essex| | Bladen Horace Capell
(1922–1978)| | Colin Capell| | | | | | | | | | Robert Milo Leicester Devereux
1932–2004
18th Viscount Hereford, 15th Baronet
Earldom of Essex (9th creation) dormant, 1981| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | |
| | | | Frederick Paul de Vere Capell
(b. 1944)
11th Earl of Essex| | William Jennings "Bill" Capell
(b. 1952)
Heir presumptive to the Earldom of Essex| | Clint Capell
Third in line to the Earldom of Essex| | Craig Capell
Fourth in line to the Earldom of Essex| | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | Kevin Capell
(b. 1982)
Second in line to the Earldom of Essex| | | | | | Dylan Capell
Fifth in line to the Earldom of Essex| | | | | | Charles Robin de Bohun Devereux
b. 1975
19th Viscount Hereford, 16th Baronet
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Henry Devereux
b. 2015
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Heir apparent to the Hereford Viscountcy

## Notes[edit]

1. ^ As is visible on the monuments of Bourchier and Wrey in Tawstock Church in Devon

## References[edit]

1. ^ "marks of cadency in the British royal family". www.heraldica.org.
2. ^ a b c d e Weir 1999.
3. ^ a b c Goodman 1971, p. 5.
4. ^ Tuck, Anthony. "Thomas [Thomas of Woodstock], duke of Gloucester", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 3 January 2008. Retrieved 13 February 2019.
5. ^ a b c d e f Chisholm 1911.
6. ^ Goodman 1971, p. 6.
7. ^ Ward 1995, p. 21.
8. ^ Goodman 1971, p. 91.
9. ^ Goodman 1971, p. 124-126.
10. ^ a b Goodman 1971, p. 124.
11. ^ Tuck, Anthony (September 2004). "Thomas, duke of Gloucester (1355–1397)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27197. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
12. ^ Ward 1992, p. 133.
13. ^ Goodman 1971, p. 93.
14. ^ Ward 1992, p. 143.
15. ^ a b c d e f g h i Armitage-Smith, Sydney (1905). John of Gaunt: King of Castile and Leon, Duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster, Earl of Derby, Lincoln, and Leicester, Seneschal of England. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 21. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
16. ^ a b c d e f g h i von Redlich, Marcellus Donald R. Pedigrees of Some of the Emperor Charlemagne's Descendants. Vol. I. p. 64.
17. ^ a b c d Anselme de Sainte-Marie, Père (1726). Histoire généalogique et chronologique de la maison royale de France [Genealogical and chronological history of the royal house of France] (in French). Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Paris: La compagnie des libraires. pp. 87–88.}
18. ^ a b Anselme 1726, pp. 381–382

## External links[edit]

* Inquisition Post Mortem, #123–125.

## Sources[edit]

* This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gloucester, Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 130.
* Goodman, Anthony (1971). The Loyal Conspiracy: The Lords Appellant under Richard II. University of Miami Press.
* Ward, Jennifer C. (1992). English Noblewomen in the Later Middle Ages. Routledge.
* Ward, Jennifer C., ed. (1995). Women of the English Nobility and Gentry, 1066-1500. Manchester University Press.
* Weir, Alison (1999). Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy. London: The Bodley Head.

## Further reading[edit]

* Tuck, Anthony (2008). "Thomas, duke of Gloucester (1355–1397)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online) (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/27197. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

Thomas of Woodstock

House of Plantagenet

Born: 7 January 1355 Died: 8 September 1397

Political offices
Preceded by

Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford and Essex

|  Lord High Constable
1372–1397  | Succeeded by

Humphrey, 2nd Earl of Buckingham

Legal offices
Preceded by

Robert de Vere, Duke of Ireland

|  Justice of Chester
1388–1391  | Succeeded by

John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter

Peerage of England
New creation |  Earl of Buckingham
1377–1397  | Succeeded by

Humphrey

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* t
* e

Dukes of Gloucester

* Thomas of Woodstock (1385–1397)
* Humphrey of Lancaster (1414–1447)
* Richard III (1461–1483)
* Henry Stuart (1659–1660)
* Prince William (1689–1700)
* Dukes of Gloucester and Edinburgh (1764–1834)
* Prince Henry (1928–1974)
* Prince Richard (1974–present)

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People|

* Deutsche Biographie

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