Tibil

World or Earth in Mandaeism

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Mandaeism

Prophets

* Adam
* Seth
* Noah
* Shem
* John the Baptist

Names for adherents

* Mandaeans
* Sabians
* Nasoraeans
* Gnostics

Scriptures

* Ginza Rabba
* Right Ginza
* Left Ginza
* Mandaean Book of John
* Qulasta (list)
* Haran Gawaita
* The Wedding of the Great Shishlam
* The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa
* Diwan Abatur
* The Thousand and Twelve Questions
* Scroll of Exalted Kingship
* The Coronation of the Great Shishlam
* Alma Rišaia Rba
* Alma Rišaia Zuṭa
* Zihrun Raza Kasia
* Scroll of the Parwanaya
* Book of the Zodiac
* Dmut Kušṭa
* Scroll of the Rivers
* Secrets of the Ancestors
* Scroll of the Ancestors

Priests

* Rishama
* Ganzibra
* Tarmida
* Shganda

Individual leaders

* Miriai
* Shlama beth Qidra
* Zazai of Gawazta
* Anush Bar Danqa
* Yahya Bihram
* Dakhil Aidan
* Jabbar Choheili
* Sattar Jabbar Hilow
* Najah Choheili
* Salah Choheili
* Brikha Nasoraia

Rituals

* Masbuta
* Masiqta
* Tamasha
* Rishama
* Kushta
* Qabin
* Misha

Ritual food and drink

* Mambuha
* Halalta
* Hamra
* Pihta
* Fatira
* Zidqa brikha
* Lofani
* Sa
* Dukrana

Practices

* Belief in Oneness of God
* Daily prayer
* Baptism
* Fasting
* Almsgiving

Objects and symbols

* Drabsha
* Rasta
* Burzinqa
* Pandama
* Klila
* Taga
* Riha
* Skandola

Cosmology

* Hayyi Rabbi
* World of Light
* Mana
* Manda
* Uthra
* Manda d-Hayyi
* Yushamin
* Abatur
* Ptahil
* Hibil
* Shitil
* Anush
* Sam Ziwa
* Bihram Rabba
* Adathan
* Yadathan
* Shilmai
* Nidbai
* Yawar Ziwa
* Simat Hayyi
* Yufin-Yufafin
* Nsab
* Nbat
* Gubran
* Shihlun
* Urfeil
* Marfeil
* Saureil
* Zihrun
* Etinsib Ziwa
* Piriawis
* Tarwan
* Yura
* Yurba
* Yukashar
* Ziwa
* Shahrat
* Malwasha
* Nishimta
* Dinanukht
* Shishlam
* Ezlat
* škina
* Dmuta
* Mshunia Kushta
* Adam kasia
* Adam pagria
* Shatrin
* Laufa
* Hitfun
* Tibil
* World of Darkness
* Sea of Suf
* Siniawis
* Matarta
* Ruha
* Ur
* Krun
* Gaf
* Qin
* Zahreil
* Anathan
* Giu
* Shdum
* Zartai-Zartanai
* Hag
* Mag

Festivals

* Parwanaya
* Dehwa Rabba
* Dehwa d-Shishlam Rabba
* Dehwa Daimana
* Dehwa Hanina
* Abu al-Haris (Ashoriya)
* Ead Fel

Places

* Yardena
* Beth Manda
* Shkinta
* Andiruna

Prayers

* Sidra d-Nishmata
* Asut Malkia
* Rushuma
* Rahma
* Tabahatan
* Shumhata
* Bshuma

Religion portal

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In Mandaean cosmology, Tibil (Classical Mandaic: ࡕࡉࡁࡉࡋ) or occasionally Arqa ḏ-Tibil (lit. "Tibil-Earth")[1] is the Earth (World) or earthly middle realm. It is separated from the World of Light (alma ḏ-nhūra) above and the World of Darkness (alma ḏ-hšuka) below by ayar (aether).[2]

To reach the World of Light (alma ḏ-nhūra) from Tibil, Mandaeans believe that need they to establish laufa (connection, union) to be reunited with the World of Light. The laufa is re-created and reconfirmed by priests through rituals such as maṣbuta (baptism). Upon death, priests must perform masiqta rituals to help the departed soul successfully navigate from Tibil through the various maṭarta (watch-stations) that lie in between, in order to reach the World of Light.[3]

## Etymology

[edit]

Häberl (2022) considers Tibil to be a borrowing from Hebrew tebel (Hebrew: תֵבֵל).[4]

## See also

[edit]

* Gaia
* Midgard in Norse mythology
* Middle-earth in J. R. R. Tolkien's novels
* Ki (goddess) in Mesopotamian mythology

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Nasoraia, Brikha H.S. (2021). The Mandaean gnostic religion: worship practice and deep thought. New Delhi: Sterling. ISBN 978-81-950824-1-4. OCLC 1272858968.
2. ^ Aldihisi, Sabah (2008). The story of creation in the Mandaean holy book in the Ginza Rba (PhD). University College London.
3. ^ Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002). The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515385-5. OCLC 65198443.
4. ^ Häberl, Charles (2022). The Book of Kings and the Explanations of This World: A Universal History from the Late Sasanian Empire. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. p. 220\. ISBN 978-1-80085-627-1.

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Mandaeism

People|

* Mandaeans
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* Sabians
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Historical identities|

* Essenes
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Priesthood|

| Titles|

* Rishama
* Ganzibra
* Tarmida
* (Shganda)

|

Individuals|

* (List of Mandaean priests)
* Shlama beth Qidra
* Zazai of Gawazta
* Anush bar Danqa
* Yahya Bihram
* Ram Zihrun
* Bibia Mudalal
* Abdullah Khaffagi
* Negm bar Zahroon
* Dakhil Aidan
* Abdullah bar Sam
* Abdullah bar Negm
* Sattar Jabbar Hilow
* Taleb Doraji
* Jabbar Choheili
* Najah Choheili
* Salah Choheili
* Khaldoon Majid Abdullah
* Sahi Bashikh
* Yuhana Nashmi
* Brikha Nasoraia
* Rafid al-Sabti
* Salwan Alkhamas

Institutions|

* Mandaean Council of Ahvaz
* Sabian Mandaean Association in Australia

Literature|

| Main texts|

* Ginza Rabba
* Right Ginza
* Left Ginza
* Mandaean Book of John

|

Prayers|

| Qulasta (list)|

* Sidra d-Nishmata (CP 1–103)
* Rushuma (CP 104)
* Asut Malkia (CP 105)
* Eniana
* Rahma
* Tabahatan (CP 170)
* Shal Shulta (CP 171)
* Shumhata (CP 173)
* King of Kings (CP 176)
* Kušṭa asiak (CP 178)
* Kd azil bhira dakia

|

Priestly texts|

* The Thousand and Twelve Questions
* Scroll of Exalted Kingship
* The Coronation of the Great Shishlam
* The Wedding of the Great Shishlam
* Alma Rišaia Rba
* Alma Rišaia Zuṭa
* Zihrun Raza Kasia
* Scroll of the Parwanaya
* Scroll of the Great Baptism
* Scroll of the Ancestors
* The Baptism of Hibil Ziwa
* Scroll of Abatur
* Dmut Kušṭa
* Secrets of the Ancestors
* Scroll of the Rivers
* Book of the Zodiac

Historical texts|

* Haran Gawaita

Apotropaic texts|

* Incantation bowls
* Lead rolls
* Pišra d-Ainia

Cosmology|

* Tibil
* Yardna

| World of Light|

* Hayyi Rabbi
* Shkina
* Piriawis
* Mshunia Kushta
* Tarwan
* Yasana

| Uthras|

* Yushamin
* Abatur
* Ptahil
* Hibil
* Shitil
* Anush
* Sam Ziwa
* Manda d-Hayyi
* Shilmai
* Nidbai
* Adathan and Yadathan
* Yufin-Yufafin
* Urfeil and Marfeil
* Tar and Tarwan
* Bihram
* Zihrun
* Etinsib Ziwa
* Nbat
* Nsab
* Gubran
* Shihlun
* Yura
* Yurba
* Yukabar
* Yukashar
* Yawar Ziwa
* Simat Hayyi
* Saureil

| Concepts|

* Anana
* Gufna
* Ziwa

|

Intermediary realms|

* Matarta
* Hitfun
* Shahrat
* Shatrin

World of Darkness|

* Sea of Suf
* Siniawis
* Mšiha

| Demons|

* Ruha
* Ur
* Krun
* Gaf
* Qin
* Anathan
* Shdum
* Giu
* Hag and Mag
* Zartai-Zartanai
* Zahreil

|

Planets|

* Shamish (Sun)
* Libat (Venus)
* Nbu (Mercury)
* Sin (Moon)
* Kiwan (Saturn)
* Bil (Jupiter)
* Nirig (Mars)

Important figures|

* Adam
* Seth
* Abel
* Enosh
* Noah
* Shem
* Miriai
* Elizabeth
* John the Baptist

Mythical figures|

* Dinanukht
* Shishlam
* Ezlat

Concepts|

* Kushta (truth)
* Manda (gnosis)
* Laufa (communion)
* Dmuta (image)
* Nishimta (soul)
* Ruha (spirit)
* Mana (mind)
* Adam Kasia (hidden Adam)
* Adam Pagria (bodily Adam)

Objects and symbols|

* Drabsha (banner)
* Misha (oil)
* Riha (incense)
* Skandola (talisman seal)
* Tariana (tray)

Ritual food and drink|

| Drinks|

* Mambuha
* Halalta
* Hamra

|

Foods|

* Pihta
* Fatira
* Sa

Meals|

* Dukrana
* Lofani
* Zidqa brikha

Clothing|

* Rasta (robe)
* Burzinqa (turban)
* Pandama (mouth-veil)
* Himiana (girdle)
* Margna (staff)
* Klila (wreath)
* Taga (crown)

Rituals and practices|

* Masbuta (baptism)
* Tamasha (triple ablution)
* Rishama (minor ablution)
* Masiqta (death mass)
* Qabin (wedding)
* Brakha (prayer)
* Sahduta (creed)
* Bshuma (name of God)
* Sauma (fasting)
* Zidqa (almsgiving)
* Naming

Buildings and structures|

* Mandi
* Baghdad Mandi
* Ganzibra Dakhil Mandi
* Yahya Yuhana Mandi
* Wallacia Mandi
* Shkinta
* Andiruna

Calendar|

| Feasts|

* Dehwa Rabba
* Feast of the Great Shishlam
* Dehwa Hanina
* Abu al-Haris
* Parwanaya
* Dehwa Daimana

|

Months|

* Daula
* Nuna
* ʿmbra
* Taura
* Ṣilmia
* Sarṭana
* Aria
* Šumbulta
* Qaina
* Arqba
* Hiṭia
* Gadia

Epochs|

* Adam and Eve
* Ram and Rud
* Shurbai and Sharhabeil
* Noah and Nuraita

Language|

* Mandaic
* Neo-Mandaic
* Alphabet
* Unicode block

Scholarly disciplines|

* Mandaean studies

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