Tillamook language

Extinct Salishan language of northwestern Oregon, US

Tillamook

Hutyáyu, Hutyéyu
Native to| United States
Region| Northwestern Oregon
Ethnicity| Tillamook, Siletz
Extinct| 1972, with the death of Minnie Scovell[1]

Language family

Salishan

* Coast Salish
* Tillamook

Dialects|

* Tillamook
* Siletz

Language codes
ISO 639-3| `til`
Glottolog| `till1254`

Tillamook is classified as Extinct by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger

[2]

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Tillamook is an extinct Salishan language, formerly spoken by the Tillamook people in northwestern Oregon, United States. The last fluent speaker was Minnie Scovell who died in 1972.[1] In an effort to prevent the language from being lost, a group of researchers from the University of Hawaii interviewed the few remaining Tillamook speakers and created a 120-page dictionary.[3]

## Phonology

[edit]

### Vowels

[edit]

Vowels in Tillamook  | Front | Back

|
|

High | i | ə
Low | æ | ɑ

### Consonants

[edit]

Consonants in Tillamook  | Alveolar | Post-
alveolar | Velar | Uvular | Glottal

|
|
|
|
|

central | sibilant | lateral | unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded
Stop | plain | t | t͡s |  | t͡ʃ | k | kᵓ | q | qᵓ | ʔ
ejective | tʼ | t͡sʼ | t͡ɬʼ | t͡ʃʼ | kʼ | kᵓʼ | qʼ | qᵓʼ
Fricative |  | s | ɬ | ʃ | x | xᵓ | χ | χᵓ | h
Sonorant | n |  | l | j |  | ɰᵓ |  |  |

#### Internal rounding

[edit]

The so-called "rounded" consonants (traditionally marked with the diacritic ⟨ʷ⟩, but here indicated with ⟨ᵓ⟩), including rounded vowels and ⟨w⟩ (/ɰᵓ/), are not actually labialized. The acoustic effect of labialization is created entirely inside the mouth by cupping the tongue (sulcalization). Uvulars with this distinctive internal rounding have "a kind of ɔ timbre" while "rounded" front velars have ɯ coloring. These contrast and oppose otherwise very similar segments having ɛ or ɪ coloring--the "unrounded" consonants.

/w/ is also formed with this internal rounding instead of true labialization, making it akin to [ɰ]. So are vowel sounds formerly written as /o/ or /u/, which are best characterized as the diphthong /əɰ/ with increasing internal rounding.[4]

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b "A language all but lost". Tilamook Headlight Herald. May 19, 2009. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016.
2. ^ Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (Report) (3rd ed.). UNESCO. 2010. p. 11.
3. ^ "Speaking Tillamook". Clatsop-Nehalem Confederated Tribes. Archived from the original on June 16, 2011.
4. ^ Thompson & Thompson 1966, p. 316.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* Edel, May M (1939). The Tillamook language. New York: J.J. Augustin. LCCN 40001628. OCLC 10272025.
* "May M. Edel papers". Archives West. April 13, 2018 [2007]. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
* Thompson, Lawrence C.; Thompson, M. Terry (1966). "A Fresh Look at Tillamook Phonology". International Journal of American Linguistics. 32 (4): 313–319\. doi:10.1086/464920. JSTOR 1264085. S2CID 145658086.

## External links

[edit]

* University of Oregon: The Tillamook
* Tillamook Language
* "Tillamook Vocabulary". California Language Archive. Retrieved September 22, 2013.
* OLAC resources in and about the Tillamook language

* v
* t
* e

Salishan languages

Bella Coola|

* Nuxálk

Coast Salish|

| Central|

* Comox
* Halkomelem
* Klallam
* Lushootseed
* Southern Lushootseed
* Nooksack
* Northern Straits
* Lummi
* Saanich
* Songhees
* Samish
* Semiahmoo
* T'Sou-ke
* Pentlatch
* shíshálh
* Squamish
* Twana

|

Tsamosan|

* Cowlitz
* Lower Chehalis
* Upper Chehalis
* Quinault

Tillamook|

* Tillamook

Interior Salish|

| Northern|

* Lillooet
* Shuswap
* Thompson River Salish

|

Southern|

* Coeur d’Alene
* Columbia-Moses
* Colville-Okanagan
* Montana Salish

Italics indicate extinct languages

* v
* t
* e

Languages of Oregon

Italics indicate extinct languages

Indigenous|

| Alsean|

* Alsea (Alséya)
* Yaquina (Yakwina, Yakona)

|

Athabaskan|

* Lower Rogue River (Tututni, Upper Coquille)
* Upper Rogue River (Galice-Applegate)
* Siletz Dee-ni
* Upper Umpqua

Chinookan|

* Chinook Jargon
* Kathlamet
* Lower Chinook
* Upper Chinook (Kiksht, Columbia Chinook, Wasco-Wishram)

Coosan|

* Hanis (Coos)
* Miluk (Lower Coquille)

Kalapuyan|

* Central Kalapuya (Santiam)
* Northern Kalapuya
* Tualatin dialect (Tfalati, Atfalati)
* Yamhill dialect (Yamell)
* Yoncalla (Southern Kalapuya)

Oregon Coast Penutian|

* Siuslaw

Plateau Penutian|

* Klamath-Modoc (Klamath, Lutuamian)
* Molala

Sahaptian|

* Sahaptin (Shahaptin, Sħáptənəxw, Ichishkíin Sɨ́nwit)
* Umatilla

Salishan|

* Tillamook

Unclassified|

* Plains Sign Talk
* Plateau Sign Language
* Cayuse
* Takelma

Uto-Aztecan|

* Northern Paiute (Numu and Paviotso)

Immigrant|

| Indo-European|

* American English
* Dutch
* German
* Russian
* Spanish
* Swedish

|

French Sign|

* American Sign Language

Uralic|

* Finnish

* Category

Authority control databases: National |

* Israel

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