Timeline of Białystok

This is a sub-article to History of Białystok

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Białystok, Poland.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

## Prior to 19th century

[edit]

Part of a series on the

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Middle Ages

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| Piast period| 10th century–1385

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Jagiellonian period| 1385–1572

Early modern

| Early elective monarchy| 1572–1648

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Deluge and decline| 1648–1764
Three partitions| 1764–1795

Modern

| Partitioned Poland| 1795–1918

|

World War I| 1914–1918
Second Republic| 1918–1939
World War II| 1939–1945
Communist Poland| 1945–1989

Contemporary

| Third Republic| 1989–present

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Timeline of Polish history
Bibliography of the history of Poland

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* 1320 - Settlement founded in Lithuania.[1]
* 1569 – part of the Lesser Poland Province of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
* 1692 – Białystok granted city rights by Polish King John III Sobieski
* 1697 - Branicki Palace built.[2]
* 1745 – the first military technical school in Poland founded in Białystok[3]
* 1748 – one of the oldest theaters in Poland, the Komedialnia, founded[4]
* 1749 – King Augustus III of Poland extended the city limits[5]
* 1753 - Center of the city burns down
* 1756 - Jan Klemens Branicki, owner of Białystok, divorces his third wife
* 1763–1768 – Municipal hospital founded by Jan Klemens Branicki.[6]
* 13 July 1769 – Battle of Białystok (1769) [pl], part of the War of the Bar Confederation
* 1770 – midwifery school founded under the auspices of Izabella Poniatowska[3]
* 9 October 1771 – Jan Klemens Branicki dies
* 1776 – Polish 5th Regiment of Fusiliers of Crown Artillery stationed in Białystok.[7]
* 1789 – the epidemic of smallpox, the 22 children died
* 1795 – City annexed by Prussia in the Third Partition of Poland and made the administrative seat of the Białystok Department[1]
* 26 January 1796 – Prussian administration takes over the town, but it remains formally owned by Izabella Poniatowska-Branicka

## 19th century

[edit]

* 1805 – Institute of Obstetrics established based on the midwifery school[3]
* 1807 - Town becomes part of Russia, per Peace of Tilsit;[1] and capital of the Belostok Oblast.
* 14 February 1808 – Izabella Poniatowska-Branicka dies
* 3 July 1812 – Napoleon's army enters the city,
* 13 July 1812 – Declaration of the inhabitants of communication with the Commonwealth,
* 4 August 1812 – Russian army enters the city
* 8 August 1812 – giving a new coat of the city by Tsar Alexander I
* 13 December 1830 – announcement of martial law by the Russian authorities in connection with the outbreak of the November Uprising,
* 1 February 1831 – setting up headquarters in the Russian army commander, Field Marshal Hans Karl von Diebitsch, whose task was to suppress the November Uprising
* 1834 – a ban on teaching in schools in the Polish language
* 1842 - City becomes administratively part of the Grodno Governorate.
* 1845 - Woollen mill built.[1]
* 1857 - Population: 13,787.[1]
* 15 December 1859 – Ludwik Zamenhof, the creator of the international language Esperanto, was born
* 13 June 1860 – the beginning of a patriotic demonstration under the banner of national unity and fight against colonization,
* 1861
* 16 March: Prayers were held by local Poles and Jews in memory of Polish protesters massacred by the Russians in Warsaw a few weeks earlier.[8]
* 3 May: The Russians arrested several Polish students during the celebration of the Polish 3 May Constitution Day.[9]
* 9 June: Andrzej Artur Zamoyski, representative of the Whites, arrives in the city
* 1862 – Opening of the Saint Petersburg–Warsaw Railway through the city
* 24 April 1863 – the beginning of the Polish January Uprising in the Białystok area
* 15 February 1864 - Battle of the January Uprising was fought near Białystok.[10]
* 1877 – expanding the city limits: integrated railway station, the village of Piaski and Las Zwierzyniecki
* 1886 – the railway line Bialystok – Vawkavysk – Baranovichi
* 1889 - Population: 56,629.[1]
* 1891 – Launch of the first telephone exchange
* 1895 – launch of three lines of horse tram
* 1897 - Population: 63,927.[11]
* 1898 – establishment of the Volunteer Fire Department

## 20th century

[edit]

### 1901–1939

[edit]

Białystok city center around 1900

* 1901 - Population: 65,781.[1]
* 1905 - Chernoe Znamia political group formed.
* 1906 - 14–16 June: Białystok pogrom of Jews by the Russians.[12]
* 1910 - Białystok Power Station commissioned.
* 1912
* Tsarist prison built.[13]
* Population: 98,170.[14]
* 1913
* City's first Polish scout troop founded.[15]
* Great Synagogue built.
* 1915
* City becomes capital of the Bialystok-Grodno District of the German-controlled territory of Ober-Ost during World War I.
* 29 November: Polish Real Gymnasium founded.[15]
* 1918
* 11–13 November: Poles disarmed the Germans following the restoration of Polish independence.[16]
* 14 November: City re-occupied by Germany.[16]
* 1919
* Białystok part of the re-established Polish state, capital of the Białystok Voivodeship
* Białostoczek becomes part of city.[citation needed]
* 1920
* 22 September: Battle of Białystok \- Polish victory over the invading Russian forces.
* Jagiellonia Białystok football club formed.

Józef Piłsudski's visit to Białystok in 1921

* 1921 - Białystok confirmed as part of Poland.[17]
* 1928 - Polmos Białystok founded.
* 1934 - Seweryn Nowakowski, considered one of the greatest mayors of Białystok, becomes mayor.[18]
* 1937
* Podlaska Cavalry Brigade of the Polish Army formed and stationed in Białystok.
* Population: 100,101.[17]
* 1938 - Białystok Municipal Theatre built.

### World War II (1939–1945)

[edit]

* 1939
* September: German occupation after the invasion of Poland, which started World War II
* 20–21 September: The German Einsatzgruppe IV entered the city to commit crimes against the population.[19]
* 22 September: City handed over by the Germans to the Soviet Union in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. Soviet occupation begins.
* October: Pre-war mayor Seweryn Nowakowski arrested by the NKVD and probably deported to the USSR; his fate remains unknown.[18]
* November: City annexed to the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic;[2] and capital of the Belastok Region.

Lipowa Street in 1940

* 1940 - 17 July: Ryszard Kaczorowski, member of the local Polish resistance movement and future President of Poland in exile, arrested by the NKVD.[20]
* 1940–1941 - Mass deportations of some 20,000 Polish citizens by the Russians from the Białystok Fabryczny railway station to the USSR, incl. Siberia (see Soviet repressions of Polish citizens (1939–1946)).[21]
* 1941
* 27 June: City occupation by German forces begins. On that day, approximately 2,000 to 3,000 of Białystok's Jews were massacred by the Ordnungspolizei.
* City becomes capital of Bezirk Białystok.
* July: Jewish ghetto established by occupying Nazi Germans.[12]
* Autumn: Oflag 57 prisoner-of-war camp moved from Ostrołęka to Białystok.[22]
* 14 October: The German 13th Reserve Police Battalion carried out a massacre of 134 POWs, mostly Jews.[22]
* 30 October: The German 13th Reserve Police Battalion carried out a massacre of 166 POWs.[22]
* 1942
* 25 May: Oflag 57 POW camp dissolved.[22]
* July: Stalag 316 POW camp moved from Wołkowysk to Białystok.[23]
* 2 November: The Germans established a forced labour camp for Jewish men.[24]
* 1943
* February: The German Sicherheitspolizei begins deportations of Poles including teenage boys from the local Nazi prison to the Stutthof concentration camp.[25]
* 20 February: Stalag 316 POW camp dissolved.[26]
* 16 August: Białystok Ghetto Uprising.[2]
* 21 August: Transport of Białystok children. Jewish children deported by the occupiers from Białystok to Theresienstadt concentration camp in German-occupied Czechoslovakia.

Soviet bombing damages in 1944

* 1944
* July: occupied by the Soviets
* mass arrests of Polish resistance members by the Soviets, around 1,200 Poles placed in the local prison by 7 November.[27]
* September: the city returned to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, capital of the part of the Białystok Voivodeship
* 8 November: deportation of 1,030 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Ostashkov.[27]
* 12 November: deportation of 1,014 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Ostashkov.[28]
* 24 November: deportation of 900 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Ostashkov.[28]
* 27 December: deportation of 790 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Novomoskovsk (then Stalinogorsk).[28]
* 1945 - 30 January: deportation of 1,242 arrested Poles by the Russians from the local prison to Skopin.[28]

### 1945–2000

[edit]

* 1946 - Population: 56,759.[17]
* 1948 - Hetman Białystok football club formed.
* 1949 - Podlaskie Museum in Białystok founded.
* 1950 - Medical University of Białystok established.
* 1951 - Gazeta Współczesna newspaper begins publication.[29]
* 1953 - Białystok Puppet Theatre established.[30]
* 1956 - Manifestation of support for the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Mass raising of funds, food, medical supplies and blood donation for Hungarian insurgents (see also Hungary–Poland relations).[31]
* 1960 - Islamic Religious Community in Białystok [pl] established.
* 1972 - Białystok City Stadium opens.

Białystok University of Technology

* 1974
* Białystok University of Technology active.
* Population: 187,100.[32]
* 1975 - City becomes capital of the Białystok Voivodeship (1975–98).
* 1990
* Białystok History Museum [pl] founded.
* Lech Rutkowski becomes mayor.
* Piłsudski monument, Białystok [pl] installed at Kościuszko Square.
* 1991 - Roman Catholic Diocese of Białystok established.[33]
* 1992 – Roman Catholic Diocese of Białystok elevated to Archdiocese.
* 1998 - Population: 283,937 (estimate).[29]
* 1999 - City becomes capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship.

## 21st century

[edit]

Białystok city center in 2017

* 2004 - City divided into 27 administrative districts.
* 2006 - Tadeusz Truskolaski becomes mayor.
* 2008 - Jewish Heritage Trail in Białystok created.
* 2009
* Zamenhof Centre opens.
* World Congress of Esperanto held in city.
* 2011 - 4 March: Honorary Consulate of Croatia opened (see Croatia–Poland relations).[34]
* 2012 - Population: 294,900.[35]
* 2013 - 10 July: Honorary Consulate of Finland opened (see Finland–Poland relations).[36]
* 2015 - December: Honorary Consulate of Luxembourg opened (see Luxembourg–Poland relations).
* 2018
* 1 March: Danuta Siedzikówna monument unveiled.[37]
* 11 April: Monument to the victims of Soviet deportations of Poles during World War II unveiled at the Białystok Fabryczny railway station.[21]
* 2020 - Monument to Polish mothers deported to Siberia unveiled.[38]
* 2021 - 19 September: Khachkar commemorating the victims of the Armenian genocide and Armenian soldiers fallen in the battle for Artsakh unveiled.[39]
* 2022
* 29 May: Monument to soldiers of the pre-war Polish 42nd Infantry Regiment-footballers of Jagiellonia Białystok unveiled in front of the municipal stadium.[40]
* 23 June: Honorary Consulate of Kazakhstan opened (see Kazakhstan–Poland relations).[41]
* 29 June: Honorary Consulate of Serbia opened (see Poland–Serbia relations).[42]
* 2023
* 24 May: Polish–Uzbekistani Historical Commission founded (see Poland–Uzbekistan relations).[43]
* 23 November: Honorary Consulate of Latvia opened (see Latvia–Poland relations).[44]

Jagiellonia Białystok players celebrate winning the 2023–24 Polish Championship

* 2024 - 25 May: Jagiellonia Białystok won its first Polish football championship.

## See also

[edit]

* History of Białystok
* Other names of Białystok, e.g. Belostok, Bielostok, Byelostok

## References

[edit]

This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia.

1. ^ a b c d e f g Britannica 1910.
2. ^ a b c George Lerski (1996). "Bialystok". Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.
3. ^ a b c Jacek Kusznier, Elektrycy w historii Politechniki Białostockiej, "Maszyny Elektryczne - Zeszyty Problemowe", Nr 4/2018, p. 164 (in Polish)
4. ^ "Plejada gwiazd w nowym teatrze. Piotr Dąbrowski otwiera Komedialnię". Białystok Online (in Polish). Retrieved 31 October 2019.
5. ^ Jacek Kusznier, Elektrycy w historii Politechniki Białostockiej, "Maszyny Elektryczne - Zeszyty Problemowe", Nr 4/2018, p. 163 (in Polish)
6. ^ Grażyna Rogala. "Dom staromiejski". Zabytek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
7. ^ Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. p. 27.
8. ^ Katalog miejsc pamięci powstania styczniowego w województwie podlaskim (in Polish). Białystok: Towarzystwo Opieki nad Zabytkami Oddział Białystok. 2013. p. 8\. ISBN 978-83-88372-50-6.
9. ^ Katalog miejsc pamięci powstania styczniowego w województwie podlaskim, p. 9
10. ^ Katalog miejsc pamięci powstania styczniowego w województwie podlaskim, p. 13
11. ^ "Russia: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1898. hdl:2027/njp.32101020157267.
12. ^ a b "Białystok". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New York: Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
13. ^ Grażyna Rogala. "Zespół więzienia carskiego, ob. areszt śledczy". Zabytek.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
14. ^ "Russia: Principal Towns: European Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
15. ^ a b Dworakowski, Jan (2017). "Początki harcerstwa na Białostocczyźnie (1913-1923)". In Cymbalisty, Wojciech Jan; Waczyński, Józef (eds.). Polskie tradycje niepodległościowe Choroszczy i okolic (in Polish). Rogówek: Fundacja Pole Kultury. p. 151\. ISBN 978-83-949254-2-0.
16. ^ a b Dworakowski, p. 154
17. ^ a b c Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Bialystok", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 213, OL 6112221M
18. ^ a b Sylwia Wieczeryńska. "Wystawa "Seweryn Nowakowski – zaginiony prezydent Białegostoku" – od piątku". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
19. ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. p. 55.
20. ^ "Ryszard Kaczorowski (1919 - 2010)". Uniwersytet w Białymstoku (in Polish). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
21. ^ a b "W Białymstoku odsłonięto pomnik przy dworcu, z którego odbywały się deportacje na Wschód". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
22. ^ a b c d Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 216\. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
23. ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 304\. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
24. ^ "Zwangsarbeitslager für Juden Bialystok". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 6 September 2021.
25. ^ Drywa, Danuta (2020). "Germanizacja dzieci i młodzieży polskiej na Pomorzu Gdańskim z uwzględnieniem roli obozu koncentracyjnego Stutthof". In Kostkiewicz, Janina (ed.). Zbrodnia bez kary... Eksterminacja i cierpienie polskich dzieci pod okupacją niemiecką (1939–1945) (in Polish). Kraków: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Biblioteka Jagiellońska. p. 187.
26. ^ Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 306\. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
27. ^ a b Zwolski, Marcin (2005). "Deportacje internowanych Polakow z wojewodztwa białostockiego 1944–1945". Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość (in Polish). Vol. 2, no. 8\. IPN. p. 98\. ISSN 1427-7476.
28. ^ a b c d Zwolski, p. 99
29. ^ a b "Poland: Directory". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. p. 3463+. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
30. ^ "Culture.pl". Warsaw: Adam Mickiewicz Institute. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
31. ^ "Odsłonięto tablicę upamiętniającą solidarność białostoczan z narodem węgierskim". Radio Białystok (in Polish). 19 December 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
32. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
33. ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Poland". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 April 2015.
34. ^ "Bialystok, otwarcie konsulatu" (in Polish). 4 March 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
35. ^ "Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland 2014". Central Statistical Office of Poland. "Review Tables: Cities"
36. ^ "Najnowszy Konsulat Honorowy Finlandii otwarto w Białymstoku". Finland Abroad (in Polish). 11 July 2013. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
37. ^ "Pomnik Inki w Białymstoku". Białystok - Oficjalny Portal Miasta (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
38. ^ "W Białymstoku odsłonięto pomnik upamiętniający Bohaterskie Matki Sybiraczki [zdjęcia]". Radio Białystok (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
39. ^ "Chaczkar stanął w Białymstoku". Awedis (in Polish). No. 48\. 2021. p. 2.
40. ^ "Przy stadionie odsłonięto pomnik żołnierzy 42. Pułku Piechoty". Eska.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
41. ^ "Otwarcie konsulatu Kazachstanu w Białymstoku". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). 23 June 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
42. ^ "Otwarcie Konsulatu Honorowego Republiki Serbii w Białymstoku". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). 29 June 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
43. ^ "Powołanie Polsko-Uzbekistańskiej Komisji historycznej". Portal Gov.pl (in Polish). 29 May 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
44. ^ "W Białymstoku powstał Konsulat Republiki Łotewskiej". Podlaskie.eu (in Polish). 23 November 2023. Retrieved 13 September 2024.

## Bibliography

[edit]

* "Byelostok", Jewish Encyclopedia, vol. 3, New York, 1907, hdl:2027/osu.32435029752920`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* "Byelostok" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 895.
* "Bialystok". Russia. Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1914. hdl:2027/gri.ark:/13960/t6zw2kd65. OCLC 1328163 – via HathiTrust.
* William Henry Beable (1919), "Byelystok", Russian Gazetteer and Guide, London: Russian Outlook
* Rebecca Kobrin (7 May 2010). Jewish Bialystok and its Diaspora. Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-00428-4.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Białystok.

* Map of Bialystok, 1967 (via Digital Public Library of America)

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Landmarks and culture|

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| Streets and squares|

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|

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|

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|

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Transport|

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Parks and green areas|

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Sports|

* Jagiellonia Białystok
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* Koszalin

50,000+|

* Kalisz
* Legnica
* Grudziądz
* Jaworzno
* Słupsk
* Jastrzębie-Zdrój
* Nowy Sącz
* Jelenia Góra
* Siedlce
* Mysłowice
* Piła
* Konin
* Piotrków Trybunalski
* Ostrów Wielkopolski
* Lubin
* Inowrocław
* Suwałki
* Stargard
* Gniezno
* Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski
* Siemianowice Śląskie
* Głogów
* Pabianice
* Żory
* Pruszków
* Leszno
* Zamość
* Łomża
* Ełk
* Tomaszów Mazowiecki
* Chełm
* Mielec
* Tczew
* Kędzierzyn-Koźle
* Przemyśl
* Stalowa Wola
* Biała Podlaska
* Bełchatów
* Świdnica
* Będzin
* Zgierz
* Piekary Śląskie
* Racibórz
* Legionowo
* Ostrołęka

35,000+|

* Świętochłowice
* Wejherowo
* Zawiercie
* Skierniewice
* Starachowice
* Wodzisław Śląski
* Starogard Gdański
* Puławy
* Tarnobrzeg
* Kołobrzeg
* Krosno
* Radomsko
* Otwock
* Skarżysko-Kamienna
* Ciechanów
* Kutno
* Sieradz
* Zduńska Wola
* Świnoujście
* Żyrardów
* Bolesławiec
* Nowa Sól
* Knurów
* Oświęcim
* Sopot

The list includes the 107 urban municipalities governed by a city mayor (prezydent miasta) instead of a town mayor (burmistrz) · Cities with powiat rights are in italics · Voivodeship cities are in bold
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