Timeline of Bologna

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Bologna, Emilia-Romagna region, Italy.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

## Prior to 18th century

[edit]

Part of a series on the

History of Italy

Early

* Prehistoric Italy
* Nuragic civilization (18th-3rd c. BC)
* Etruscan civilization (12th-6th c. BC)
* Magna Graecia (8th-3rd c. BC)

Ancient Rome

* Kingdom (753 BC-509 BC)
* Republic (509 BC-27 BC)
* Roman expansion in Italy
* Roman Italy
* Populares and Optimates
* Empire (27 BC-286 AD)
* Western Empire (286 AD-476 AD)
* Praetorian prefecture of Italy

Romano-Barbarian Kingdoms

|  Odoacer's|  476-493

|

Ostrogothic|  493-553
Vandal|  435-534
Lombard|  568-774
Frankish (Carolingian Empire)|  774-962
Germanic (Holy Roman Empire)|  962-1801

Medieval

* Italy in the Middle Ages
* Byzantine reconquest of Italy (6th-8th c.)
* Islam and Normans in southern Italy
* Maritime republics and Italian city-states
* Guelphs and Ghibellines

Early modern

* Italian Renaissance (14th-16th c.)
* Italian Wars (1494-1559)
* Catholic revival (1545-1648)
* Mid-16th c. to early 19th c.
* Napoleonic Italy (1801-1814)

*     * Republic
* Kingdom

* Risorgimento (1815-1871)

* Young Italy

Modern

* Monarchy (1861-1946)
* Colonial Empire (1882-1960)
* Italy in World War I (1914-1918)
* Fascism (1922-1943)
* Italy in World War II (1940-1945)
* Fascist Italian Social Republic, Partisans and Italian Civil War (1943-1945)
* Republic (1946-1994)
* Years of Lead (1970s-1980s)
* Maxi Trial (1986-1992)
* Mani pulite (1992-2001)

Contemporary

* Second Republic (1994–2022)
* Great Recession (2007-2009)
* European migrant crisis (2014-2016)
* COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2023)
* Rinnovamento (2021-present)

By topic

* Citizenship
* Currency and coinage
* Economy
* Fashion
* Flags
* Genetic
* Historic states
* Judaism
* LGBT
* Military
* Music
* Name
* Postage
* Railway

Timeline

Italy portal

* v
* t
* e

* at least 1000 BCE – First settlement.
* 9th C. BCE – Etruscan settlement.[1]
* end of the 5th century BCE – Celtic settlement.[2]
* 189 BCE – Town becomes a Roman colony.[3]
* 3rd C. CE – Catholic diocese of Bologna established.[4]
* 6th C. CE – Byzantines in power.[5]
* 9th C. CE – Benedictine monastery active in Santo Stefano.[6]
* 902 – Town sacked by Hungarian forces.[7]
* 1088 – University established.[3][8][7]
* 1109 – Torre Asinelli (tower) built.[7]
* 1110 – Torre Garisenda (tower) built.[7]
* 1112 – Bologna becomes a free town.[9]
* 1167 – City joins Lombard League.[10]
* 1184 – Bologna Cathedral consecrated by Pope Lucius III.
* 1200 – Palazzo del Podestà built (approximate date).
* 1206 – Inner city fortifications.[7]
* 1245 – Palatium Novum & Palazzo d'Accursio built.[7]
* 1249 – Enzio of Sardinia imprisoned in the Palatium Novum.[9][7]
* 1252 – Basilica of San Domenico dedicated.[6]
* 1263 – Church of San Francesco built.[10]
* 1293 – Paper mill established.[11]
* 1337 – Taddeo de Pepoli in power.[7]
* 1348 – Black Death epidemic.[12]
* 1351 – Giovanni Visconti of Milan in power.[3]
* 1356 – Public clock installed.[13]
* 1364 – Collegio di Spagna founded.[8]
* 1390 – San Petronio Basilica construction begins.[6]
* 1401 – Giovanni Bentivoglio in power.[7]
* 1436 – Cappella musicale di San Petronio [it] founded.[14]
* 1438 – Bentivoglio family in power again.[7]
* 1444 – Clock tower built in the Palazzo Comunale.[9]
* 1471 – Printing press in operation.[15][16]
* 1477 – Ptolemy's illustrated Geography published.[17]
* 1506 – Bologna annexed to the Papal States from the Bentivoglio family.[18][7]
* 1511 – French in power.[3]
* 1530 – Coronation of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
* 1563 – Archiginnasio built.[5]
* 1567 – Fountain of Neptune installed.[9]
* 1568 – Orto Botanico (garden) established.[19]
* 1582
* Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bologna established.[3]
* Accademia dei Carracci (art school) founded.[20]
* 1603 – Palazzo Caprara built.[21]
* 1615 – Accademia dei Floridi founded.[22]
* 1642 – The gazette named Bologna was published for the first time
* 1651 – Teatro Malvezzi built.
* 1653 – Marcello Malpighi, biologist and physician, granted doctorates at University of Bologna.[7]
* 1666 – Accademia Filarmonica di Bologna founded.
* 1675 – Birth of Prospero Lambertini, later Pope Benedict XIV.[7]

## 18th–19th centuries

[edit]

* 1712 – Painting academy founded.[3]
* 1714
* Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna established.[23]
* Observatory built.[8]
* 1737 – Birth of Luigi Galvani a pioneer of bioelectromagnetics.[7]
* 1763 – Teatro Comunale built.[9]
* 1789 – Galvani conducts bioelectricity experiments.[8]
* 1796 – City becomes part of the French Cisalpine Republic.[9]
* 1797 – 3rd Battalion of the Polish Legions founded in Bologna.[24]
* 1801 – Biblioteca Comunale (library) opens.
* 1805 – Teatro del Corso opens.[9]
* 1814
* City occupied by Austrians.[3]
* Teatro Contavalli established.[9]
* 1831 – 4 February: "Insurrection."[3]
* 1833 – Young Italy Party unrest.[8]
* 1859 – June: "Insurrection."[8]
* 1860
* Bologna becomes part of the Kingdom of Italy.[7]
* Gazzetta dell'Emilia newspaper begins publication.[25]
* 1871 – Population: 115,957.[26]
* 1874 – Archivio di Stato di Bologna (state archives) established.[27]
* 1897 – Population: 153,206.[28]
* 1899 – Avanti savoia! newspaper begins publication.[29]

## 20th century

[edit]

* 1901 – Population: 102,122 town; 153,501 commune.[7]
* 1909
* 5 February: Marinetti's Manifesto of Futurism published in Gazzetta dell'Emilia.
* Bologna F. C. 1909 football club founded.
* 1914 – Maserati automaker in business.
* 1926 – Cinema Teatro Medica Palace [it] opens.[30]
* 1933 – 19 January: Honorary Consulate of Poland opened (see Italy–Poland relations).[31]
* 1944 – Aerial bombing.[5]
* 1945 – April: Battle of Bologna; Allied forces take city.
* 1950 – Population: 226,771.[5]
* 1963 – Cineteca di Bologna founded.
* 1974 – Istituto per i beni artistici, culturali e naturali della Regione Emilia-Romagna [it] headquartered in Bologna.
* 1977 – 1977 Bologna events [it] (student protest).[32]
* 1980 – 2 August: Train station bombing.[33]
* 1985 – Museo civico medievale [it] opens.[34]
* 1990 – Part of 1990 FIFA World Cup football contest held in Bologna.

## 21st century

[edit]

* 2002 – Associazione Home Movies film archive founded.[35]
* 2003 – Sister city relationship established with Portland, Oregon, USA.[36]
* 2011 – Virginio Merola becomes mayor.[37]
* 2013 – Population: 380,635.[38]
* 2016 – May: Bologna municipal election, 2016 held.
* 2022 – July: City hosts the final round of the 2022 FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League.

## See also

[edit]

* Bologna history
* History of Bologna with timeline (in Italian)
* List of mayors of Bologna

Timelines of other cities in the macroregion of Northeast Italy:(it)

* Emilia-Romagna region: Timeline of Ferrara; Forlì; Modena; Parma; Piacenza; Ravenna; Reggio Emilia; Rimini
* Friuli-Venezia Giulia region: Timeline of Trieste
* Trentino-South Tyrol region: Timeline of Bolzano; Trento
* Veneto region: Timeline of Padua; Treviso; Venice; Verona; Vicenza

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Etruscan Bologna | Museum: Sections: Etruscan Bologna | Archaeological Museum of Bologna | Iperbole".
2. ^ Williams, J. H. C. (2001). Beyond the Rubicon: Romans and Gauls in Republican Italy (illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 201–202. ISBN 978-0-19-815300-9.
3. ^ a b c d e f g h Townsend 1867.
4. ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Italy". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 June 2015.
5. ^ a b c d Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 241, OL 6112221M
6. ^ a b c Hourihane 2012.
7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Britannica 1910.
8. ^ a b c d e f Charles E. Little (1900), "Italy", Cyclopedia of Classified Dates, New York: Funk & Wagnalls
9. ^ a b c d e f g h Baedeker 1913.
10. ^ a b Ring 1996.
11. ^ Wilhelm Sandermann (2013). "Beginn der Papierherstellung in einigen Landern". Papier: Eine spannende Kulturgeschichte (in German). Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-662-09193-7. (timeline)
12. ^ Wray 2009.
13. ^ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum [in German] (1996). "The First Public Clocks". History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
14. ^ Marc Vanscheeuwijck (1995). "Musical Performance at San Petronio in Bologna: a Brief History". Performance Practice Review. 8 - via Claremont University Consortium.
15. ^ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
16. ^ Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Italy: Bologna". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450631 - via HathiTrust.
17. ^ John Block Friedman; Kristen Mossler Figg (2000). "Ptolemy". Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: an Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-59094-9.
18. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia 1913.
19. ^ "Garden Search: Italy". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
20. ^ "Venice and Northern Italy, 1600–1800 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
21. ^ Guida per la città di Bologna 1844.
22. ^ Crowther 1999.
23. ^ James E. McClellan (1985). "Official Scientific Societies: 1600-1793". Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-05996-1.
24. ^ Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. p. 44.
25. ^ Bernardini 1890.
26. ^ "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1873. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590360.
27. ^ "La Storia" (in Italian). Archivio di Stato di Bologna. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
28. ^ "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590550 - via HathiTrust.
29. ^ "Bologna (Italy) -- Newspapers". Global Resources Network. Chicago, USA: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
30. ^ "Movie Theaters in Bologna". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
31. ^ Ceranka, Paweł; Szczepanik, Krzysztof (2020). Urzędy konsularne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej 1918–1945. Informator archiwalny (in Polish). Warszawa: Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych, Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych. p. 71\. ISBN 978-83-65681-93-5.
32. ^ Mark Gilbert; Robert K. Nilsson (2007). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Modern Italy. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6428-3.
33. ^ "Italy Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
34. ^ "Our Museums". Comune di Bologna. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
35. ^ "Associazione Home Movies, l'Archivio Nazionale del Film di Famiglia". Film History. 19. Indiana University. 2007. ISSN 1553-3905. JSTOR 25165448.
36. ^ "Sister Cities". USA: City of Portland, Oregon. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
37. ^ "Italian mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
38. ^ "Resident Population". Demo-Geodemo. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica. Retrieved 30 November 2014.

This article incorporates information from the Italian Wikipedia.

## Bibliography

[edit]

### in English

[edit]

* Frederic Leopold Stolberg (1796), "(Bologna)", Travels through Germany, Switzerland, Italy, and Sicily, translated by Thomas Holcroft, London: G.G. and J. Robinson
* Abraham Rees (1819), "Bologna", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
* Josiah Conder (1834), "Bologna", Italy, The Modern Traveller, vol. 32, London: J.Duncan
* J. Willoughby Rosse (1858). "Bologna". Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World. London: H.G. Bohn. hdl:2027/uva.x030807786 - via Hathi Trust.
* George Henry Townsend (1867), "Bologna", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
* William Smith, ed. (1872) [1854]. "Bononia". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray. hdl:2027/hvd.ah5cuq.
* "Bologna", Hand-book for Travellers in Northern Italy (16th ed.), London: John Murray, 1897, OCLC 2231483
* T. Francis Bumpus (1900), "Ferrara and Bologna", Cathedrals and Churches of Northern Italy, London: Laurie
* Ashby, Thomas (1910). "Bologna" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). pp. 178–179.
* "Bologna", Northern Italy (14th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1913
* Umberto Benigni (1913). "Bologna". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Grieco, Romy. Bologna: a city to discover(1976).
* Trudy Ring, ed. (1996). "Bologna". Southern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Vol. 3\. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 96+. ISBN 9781134259656. OCLC 31045650.
* Victor Crowther (1999). The Oratorio in Bologna 1650-1730. Clarendon Press. ISBN 978-0-19-158441-1.
* Shona Kelly Wray (2009). Communities and Crisis: Bologna During the Black Death. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-17634-8.
* Colum Hourihane, ed. (2012). "Bologna". Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5.

### in other languages

[edit]

* Guida per la città di Bologna (in Italian). Bologna: Tipografia de S. Tommaso d' Aquino. 1844.
* Giuseppe Ottino (1875), "Elenco dei periodici italiani per ordine di provincie: Bologna", La stampa periodica, il commercio dei libri e la tipografia in Italia (in Italian), Milan: G. Brigola, hdl:2027/umn.31951001486193y. (List of newspapers in Bologna)
* Nicola Bernardini, ed. (1890). "Provincia di Bologna". Guida della stampa periodica italiana (in Italian). Lecce: R. Tipografia editrice salentina dei fratelli Spacciante. hdl:2027/njp.32101074983378.
* "Bologna", Ober-Italien [Northern Italy], Meyers Reisebücher (in German), Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut, 1892, hdl:2027/njp.32101063572216
* Nuova guida di Bologna (in Italian). 1921.
* Brunella Dalla Casa and Alberto Preti, eds. Bologna in guerra, 1940-1945 (Milan: Angeli, 1995)
* Gastone Mazzanti. Obiettivo Bologna (Bologna: Costa, 2006 – 1st ed. 2001). (About World War II)
* G. Sassatelli, A. Donati, Storia di Bologna, Vol. 1 - Bologna nell'antichità, Bologna, Bononia University Press, 2005, ISBN 978-88-7395-109-4.
* O. Capitani, Storia di Bologna, Vol. 2 - Bologna nel Medioevo, Bologna, Bononia University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-88-7395-208-4.
* A. Prosperi, Storia di Bologna, Vol. 3 - Bologna nell'età moderna. Cultura, istituzioni culturali, Chiesa e vita religiosa, Bologna, Bononia University Press, 2009, ISBN 978-88-7395-394-4.
* A. Berselli, A. Varni, Storia di Bologna, Vol. 4 - Bologna in età contemporanea. 1796–1914, Bologna, Bononia University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-88-7395-571-9.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Bologna.

* Europeana. Items related to Bologna, various dates.

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44°30′27″N 11°21′05″E﻿ / ﻿44.5075°N 11.351389°E﻿ / 44.5075; 11.351389
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