Timeline of Düsseldorf

The following is a timeline of the history of Düsseldorf, Germany.

## Prior to 19th century

[edit]

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| 1949–1990

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Modern history| since 1990

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* 1186 – Counts of Berg in power.
* 1285 – St. Sebastianus Bruderschaft Kaiserswerth (militia) formed.[1]
* 1288 – Town privileges granted by Adolf VIII of Berg.[2]
* 1316 – St.-Sebastianus-Schützenvereins Düsseldorf (militia) established.[1]
* 1385 – Residence of the Counts of Berg established in Düsseldorf.[2]
* 1567 – Rathhaus built.[3]
* 1609 – Residence of the Electoral Palatinate relocates to Düsseldorf from Heidelberg.[4]
* 1629 – Church of St. Andrew built.[3]
* 1684 – Evangelishche Kirche built.[5]
* 1710 – Electoral palace remodelled.[3]
* 1716

* Residence of the Electoral Palatinate relocates to Heidelberg.[4]
* Neustadt laid out (approximate date).[2]

* 1760 – Jagerhof (electors' hunting lodge) built.[6]
* 1762 – Art Academy founded.
* 1767 – Hofgarten laid out.[7]
* 1774 – School of Law established (approximate date).[5]
* 1787 – Karlstadt laid out.[2]
* 1794 – Town besieged by French forces.[8]
* 1800 – Musik-Academie established.[9]

## 19th century

[edit]

* 1802 - Fortifications demolished.[5]
* 1804 – Kastanienallee laid out.
* 1805
* Town becomes capital of Grand Duchy of Berg.[2]
* Palace art collection relocates to Munich.[8]
* 1806 – French in power.[3]
* 1812 – Breidenbacher Hof in business.
* 1813 – Hof-Garten expanded.[6]
* 1815
* Prussians in power.[2]
* Engelbert Schramm becomes mayor.
* 1818 – Lower Rhenish Music Festival held.
* 1819 – New Kunstakademie Düsseldorf founded as Königlich Preußische Kunstakademie (Royal Prussian Academy of Art); Dusselthal Asylum established.[3]
* 1829 – Artists' Society for the Rhinelands and Westphalia (Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westphalen) founded.[9]
* 1838 – Bergisch-Märkische railway station opens.
* 1841 – Düsseldorf–Elberfeld railway constructed.
* 1845 – Cologne-Minden railway station opens.
* 1846 – Ducal palace restored.[2]
* 1852
* August: Singing festival held.[10]
* Population: 31,000.[8]
* 1861 – Malkasten artists' club established.[11]
* 1864 – Düsseldorfer Symphoniker (orchestra) active.[12]
* 1867 – Galerie Paffrath in business.[13]

Palace ruins after the 1872 fire

* 1872 – Electoral palace burns down.[6]
* 1875
* Church of St. John built.[6]
* City Theatre opens.[3]
* 1876
* Trams begin operating.
* Zoological Gardens established.
* 1877 – Rhenish railway station built.
* 1879 – Düsseldorf-Derendorf–Dortmund Süd railway, House of the Rhenish Estates, and Academy of Art building constructed.[6]
* 1881 – Kunsthalle built.[3]
* 1884 – Düsseldorf Exchange founded.[14]
* 1885
* City public library established.[15]
* Population: 115,190.[2]
* 1891 – Düsseldorf Central Station opens.
* 1893 – Mannesmann (manufacturer) relocates to Düsseldorf.
* 1895 – Population: 175,985.[2]
* 1896 – Industrial art museum built.[2]
* 1898 – Road bridge constructed, carries the electric tram-line to "Crefeld".[2]
* 1899 – Apollo-Theater opens.
* 1900 – Peek & Cloppenburg in business.

## 20th century

[edit]

Düsseldorf at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries

* 1902 – Rhine Promenade laid out.[6]
* 1903 – Great Synagogue built.
* 1904 – Löbbecke Museum opens.
* 1905
* Schauspielhausgebäude (theatre) opens.
* Population: 252,630.[2]
* 1907 – Hospitals built.[6]
* 1909 – Ceramics museum founded.
* 1910
* Königsallee Moving Pictures cinema opens.
* Largest Fair on the Rhine relocates to fairgrounds in Oberkassel district.
* 1911 – Population: 312,000.[6]
* 1913 - Museum Kunstpalast opened in its current form.[2]
* 1920 – Labor strike.
* 1921 – Max Planck Institute for Iron Research GmbH relocates to Düsseldorf.
* 1924 – Wilhelm Marx House (high-rise) built.
* 1926 – Planetarium and Rheinstadion built.
* 1927 – Airport opens.
* 1929 – Kaiserswerth becomes part of city.
* 1935
* Robert Schumann Hochschule formed.
* Ice stadium opens on Brehmstraße.
* 1936
* Düsseldorf Central Station rebuilt.
* 1 October: Consulate of Poland relocated from Essen to Düsseldorf.[16]

Concentration camp for Romani people in 1937

* 1937
* Reich's Exhibition of a Productive People held.
* July: Nazi camp for Sinti and Romani people established (see also Porajmos).[17]
* 1943
* 28 May: Kalkum forced labour camp established by the SS. Its prisoners were mostly Poles, Russians, Belgians, Dutchmen and Germans.[18]
* 1 November: Berta forced labour camp established by the SS. Its prisoners were mostly Russians, Poles, Czechs, Ukrainians, Lithuanians and Yugoslavs.[19]
* 1944
* March/April: DESt forced labour camp established by the SS. Its prisoners were mostly Poles, Russians, Belgians, Dutchmen and Germans.[20]
* 17 May: Kalkum, Berta and DESt forced labour camps converted into subcamps of the Buchenwald concentration camp.[18][19][20]
* 1 September: Berta II subcamp of the Buchenwald concentration camp established. Its prisoners were mostly Poles, Russians and Czechs.[21]
* 1945
* March: Berta, Berta II and DESt subcamps dissolved, prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp.[19][21][20]
* 10 April: Kalkum subcamp dissolved, prisoners deported to the main Buchenwald camp.[18]
* 16 April: German Resistance launches Aktion Rheinland.
* 17 April: City taken by U.S. 97th Infantry Division.
* 1946
* City becomes capital of North Rhine-Westphalia.
* Handelsblatt and Rheinische Post newspapers begin publication.
* 1947
* 28 March: Food protest.[22]
* Kom(m)ödchen premieres.
* 1950 – Institut Français Düsseldorf founded.
* 1951 – Drupa printing equipment trade fair begins.
* 1955
* February–March: City co-hosts the 1955 Ice Hockey World Championships.
* Deutsche Oper am Rhein established.
* 1956 – Opernhaus Düsseldorf re-opens.
* 1957 – North bridge constructed.
* 1958 – New Synagogue built.
* 1960
* Willi Becker becomes mayor.
* Dreischeibenhaus built.
* 1961 – Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen founded.
* 1962 – Tausendfüßler bridge built.
* 1965 – Marionetten-Theater housed in Palais Wittgenstein.
* 1966 – University of Düsseldorf established.
* 1967 – Kunsthalle Düsseldorf built.
* 1968
* Düsseldorf Grand Prix tennis tournament begins.
* Komödie Düsseldorf founded.
* 1969
* Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus built.
* Düsseldorf Boat Show begins.
* 1971
* Fachhochschule Düsseldorf founded.
* Philips Halle arena opens.
* 1974 – Botanical garden established.
* 1975 – City districts shaped (approximate date).[citation needed]
* 1977 – City hosts the 1977 IAAF World Cross Country Championships.
* 1979 – Tonhalle Düsseldorf[citation needed] and Flehe Bridge open.
* 1981
* Düsseldorf Stadtbahn (light rail) begins operating.
* Rheinturm built.
* 1982 – Collections Premieren Düsseldorf clothing trade fair begins.[23]
* 1984 – Von hier aus art exhibit held.
* 1986 – Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen building inaugurated.
* 1987 – Aquazoo–Löbbecke Museum opens.
* 1993
* Polish Institute founded.[24]
* Rheinufer Tunnel opens.
* 1994 – Schadow Arkaden shopping mall built.
* 1996
* 11 April: Düsseldorf Airport fire.
* Capitol Theater opens.
* 1998 – Neuer Zollhof and Stadttor built.
* 1999 – Joachim Erwin becomes mayor.
* 2000 – Düsseldorf Airport railway station opens.

## 21st century

[edit]

* 2001
* Arag-Tower built.
* Museum Kunstpalast opens.[25]
* 2002 – Japan Day festival begins.
* 2005
* Lichtburg Studio Theater opens.
* AMD Academy of Fashion and Design founded.
* 2006 – ISS Dome arena opens.
* 2007 – Kunst im Tunnel established.
* 2008 – Dirk Elbers becomes mayor.
* 2011
* Eurovision Song Contest 2011 held.
* Population: 592,393.
* 2014 – June: Storm.
* 2015 – General-Consulate of China opened.
* 2017 – City hosts the 2017 World Table Tennis Championships.
* 2018 – Honorary Consulate of Monaco opened.

## See also

[edit]

* Düsseldorf history
* List of mayors of Düsseldorf
* Timelines of other cities in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia:(de) Aachen, Bonn, Cologne, Dortmund, Duisburg, Essen, Münster

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b Hermann Tallau (2008). "Alteste (100) Schützenvereinigungen 799-1392". Ein Kaleidoskop zum Schützenwesen (in German). Duderstadt: Mecke Druck und Verlag. ISBN 978-3-936617-85-6.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Britannica 1910.
3. ^ a b c d e f g "Düsseldorf", The Rhine from Rotterdam to Constance, Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1882, OCLC 7416969
4. ^ a b "Düsseldorf", A Handbook for Travellers on the Continent (17th ed.), London: J. Murray, 1871, OCLC 5358857, OL 6936276M
5. ^ a b c Karl Stieler (1903), "From Dusseldorf to the Dutch Frontier", The Rhine from its source to the sea, London: William Glaisher, OL 14039550M
6. ^ a b c d e f g h "Düsseldorf", The Rhine, including the Black Forest & the Vosges, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 21888483
7. ^ "Düsseldorf", Bradshaw's Illustrated Hand-book for Belgium and the Rhine; and Portions of Rhenish Germany, London: W.J. Adams & Sons, 1897
8. ^ a b c "Düsseldorf", Murray's Handbook for Belgium and the Rhine, London: J. Murray, 1852, OL 23365744M
9. ^ a b Cecelia Hopkins Porter (1989). "The Reign of the "Dilettanti": Düsseldorf from Mendelssohn to Schumann". Musical Quarterly. 73.
10. ^ Lowell Mason (1854), "Great Musical Festival at Dusseldorf", Musical letters from abroad: including detailed accounts of the Birmingham, Norwich, and Dusseldorf musical festivals of 1852, New York: Mason Brothers
11. ^ W. Pembroke Fetridge (1874), "Düsseldorf", Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East, New York: Harper & Brothers
12. ^ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
13. ^ "Galerie Paffrath". Retrieved January 3, 2013.
14. ^ Americana 1918.
15. ^ Stadtbuchereien Ladeshauptstadt Düsseldorf. "Geschichte der Stadtbüchereien".
16. ^ Chałupczak, Henryk (2004). "Powstanie i działalność polskich placówek konsularnych w okresie międzywojennym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pogranicza polsko-niemiecko-czechosłowackiego)". In Kaczmarek, Ryszard; Masnyk, Marek (eds.). Konsulaty na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim i polsko-czechosłowackim w 1918–1939 (in Polish). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. p. 20.
17. ^ "Lager für Sinti und Roma Düsseldorf". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
18. ^ a b c "Düsseldorf (Kalkum)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
19. ^ a b c "Düsseldorf ("Berta")". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
20. ^ a b c "Düsseldorf (DESt)". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
21. ^ a b "Düsseldorf ("Berta II")". aussenlager-buchenwald.de (in German). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
22. ^ "March 24-April 6, 1947". Chronology of International Events and Documents. 3. London: Royal Institute of International Affairs. 1947. JSTOR 40545021.
23. ^ Catherine C. Fraser; Dierk O. Hoffman (2006), Pop Culture Germany, ABC-Clio, ISBN 9781851097388, OL 9491197M, 1851097384
24. ^ "O nas". Instytut Polski w Dusseldorfie (in Polish). Retrieved 8 August 2022.
25. ^ "History". Museum Kunstpalast. Archived from the original on December 29, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2013.

## Bibliography

[edit]

### in English

[edit]

* "Düsseldorf", Appleton's European Guide Book Illustrated, London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, 1871
* Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Düsseldorf", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555
* G. Holscher (1900), "Düsseldorf", A Guide to the Rhine, Cologne: Hoursch & Bechstedt, OCLC 8672751
* "Düsseldorf" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 713.
* "Düsseldorf", Encyclopedia Americana, New York: Encyclopedia Americana Corp., 1918

### in other languages

[edit]

* Nicolas de Pigage (1781), La Galerie électorale, de Dusseldorff, ou, Catalogue raisonné de ses tableaux (in French), Bruxelles: J.B. Jorez, OL 24342357M

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Düsseldorf.

* History of the city of Düsseldorf (in German)
* Stadtarchiv Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf. "Düsseldorfer Zeitliste" [Düsseldorf Timeline] (in German).
* Links to fulltext city directories for Dusseldorf via Wikisource

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Years in Germany (1871–present)

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