Timeline of Florence

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Florence, Tuscany, Italy.

The earliest timeline of Florence, the Annales florentini, was created in the 12th century.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

## Prior to 14th century

[edit]

Part of a series on the

History of Italy

Early

* Prehistoric Italy
* Nuragic civilization (18th-3rd c. BC)
* Etruscan civilization (12th-6th c. BC)
* Magna Graecia (8th-3rd c. BC)

Ancient Rome

* Kingdom (753 BC-509 BC)
* Republic (509 BC-27 BC)
* Roman expansion in Italy
* Roman Italy
* Populares and Optimates
* Empire (27 BC-286 AD)
* Western Empire (286 AD-476 AD)
* Praetorian prefecture of Italy

Romano-Barbarian Kingdoms

|  Odoacer's|  476-493

|

Ostrogothic|  493-553
Vandal|  435-534
Lombard|  568-774
Frankish (Carolingian Empire)|  774-962
Germanic (Holy Roman Empire)|  962-1801

Medieval

* Italy in the Middle Ages
* Byzantine reconquest of Italy (6th-8th c.)
* Islam and Normans in southern Italy
* Maritime republics and Italian city-states
* Guelphs and Ghibellines

Early modern

* Italian Renaissance (14th-16th c.)
* Italian Wars (1494-1559)
* Catholic revival (1545-1648)
* Mid-16th c. to early 19th c.
* Napoleonic Italy (1801-1814)

*     * Republic
* Kingdom

* Risorgimento (1815-1871)

* Young Italy

Modern

* Monarchy (1861-1946)
* Colonial Empire (1882-1960)
* Italy in World War I (1914-1918)
* Fascism (1922-1943)
* Italy in World War II (1940-1945)
* Fascist Italian Social Republic, Partisans and Italian Civil War (1943-1945)
* Republic (1946-present)
* Years of Lead (1970s-1980s)
* Maxi Trial (1986-1992)
* Mani pulite (1992-2001)
* Great Recession (2007-2009)
* European migrant crisis (2014-2016)
* COVID-19 pandemic (2020-present)

By topic

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Timeline

Italy portal

* v
* t
* e

* 59 BCE – Roman colony founded (approximate date).[1]
* 1st century CE – Catholic Diocese of Florence established.
* 285 – Florence becomes seat of Tuscia region.[2]
* 405 – Siege of Florence (405).[2]
* 541 – Florence sacked by forces of Ostrogoth Totila.[1]
* 1078 – City walls built.[2]
* 1080 – Stone Ponte Vecchio (bridge) built.[3]
* 1107 – Monte Orlandi and Prato become part of Florence.[3]
* 1115–16 – Commune form of government adopted;[2] Republic of Florence established.
* 1128 – Florence Baptistery built.
* 1138 – "City divided into six wards."[3]
* 1182 – Arte di Calimala (cloth guild) first mentioned (approximate date).
* 1201 – Bankers' guild active (approximate date).[3]
* 1222 – Monte comune (pawnshop) opens.[3]
* 1230 – Eucharistic miracle of Florence [it] allegedly occurs.
* 1237 – Ponte alle Grazie (bridge) built.[3]
* 1244 – Venerabile Arciconfraternita della Misericordia di Firenze founded.
* 1251 – First Capitano del popolo elected.[3]
* 1252
* Mint established;[3] Florin (Italian coin) introduced.
* Santa Trinita bridge built.[3]
* 1258 – Bargello built.[3]
* 1261 – Public prison established.[3]
* 1267 – Charles of Anjou in power.[2]
* 1269 – Flood.[3]
* 1282 – "Florence adopts a new system of government by members of a guild."[4][2]
* 1284 – Tertio Cerchio (wall) built.[3]
* 1285 – Hospital of Santa Maria Nuova founded.[5]
* 1289
* Slavery abolished.[3]
* Fire.[3]
* 1299 – Palazzo Vecchio construction begins.

## 14th–16th centuries

[edit]

* 1312 – Siege of Florence (1312)
* 1321 – University of Florence founded.
* 1333 – November: Flood.(it)
* 1345 – Ponte Vecchio rebuilt.
* 1348 – Black Death plague.[3]
* 1353 – Public clock installed in Palazzo Vecchio tower.[6]
* 1355 – Chiesa di Santa Maria del Fiore a Lapo [it] (church) built.
* 1360 – Cathedral Campanile built.[7]
* 1375 – War of the Eight Saints
* 1377 – Medici in power.[4]
* 1382 – Loggia dei Lanzi built.
* 1385 – Basilica of Santa Croce built.
* 1397 – Medici Bank established.[8]
* 1415 – Bruni's History of Florence issued.[4]
* 1427 – Catasto tax begins.[3]
* 1432 – Ufficiali di Notte tribunal begins.[8]
* 1434 – Cosimo de' Medici in power.[5]
* 1436 – Duomo consecrated.[3]
* 1469 – Lorenzo de' Medici assumes power
* 1471 – Printing press in operation.[3][9]
* 1478 – Pazzi conspiracy foiled.[4]
* 1487 – Medici giraffe arrives.[10]
* 1488 – Ancient Greek poet Homer first published in print.
* 1490 – Palazzo Cocchi-Serristori built.
* 1492 – Lorenzo the Magnificent dies and is succeeded by Piero the Unfortunate
* 1494
* Charles VIII of France invades Italy
* Piero II acquiesces to Charles VIII and is forced to flee Florence
* Republic of Florence restored, ruled nominally by Girolamo Savonarola
* 1494 – Salone dei Cinquecento built.
* 1497 – 7 February: Bonfire of the Vanities.
* 1498
* Niccolò Machiavelli becomes secretary.[4]
* 23 May: Savonarola executed.[2]
* 1504 – Michelangelo's David sculpture installed in the Piazza della Signoria.[11]
* 1509 – Militia established.[3]
* 1512
* Florentine Republic dissolved after defeat by Papal forces under Medici control.
* Piero Soderini and Niccolò Machiavelli exiled.
* 1513
* Giulio de Medici becomes Archbishop of Florence.
* Machiavelli publishes The Prince
* 1517 – Machiavelli publishes Discourses on Livy
* 1527 – 21 June: Machiavelli dies
* 1529 – 24 October: Siege of Florence (1529–30) begins.
* 1532 – Alessandro de Medici becomes duke of the Florentine Republic.[3]
* 1536 – Charles V visits city.[3]
* 1537 – Villani's Nuova Cronica published.
* 1545 – Orto Botanico di Firenze established.
* 1557 – September: Flood.(it)
* 1559 – Palazzo Uguccioni built.
* 1562 – Accademia del Disegno established.[12]
* 1564 – Vasari Corridor built.
* 1565 – Fountain of Neptune inaugurated.
* 1569 – Ponte Santa Trinita (bridge) rebuilt.
* 1574 – Florentine Camerata active.[13]
* 1580 – Rules of Calcio Fiorentino sport published.[14]
* 1581 – Uffizi art museum built.
* 1582 – State Archives of Tuscany established.[5]
* 1592 – Theorbo musical instrument invented.[13]
* 1598 – Premiere of Peri's opera Dafne.[13]
* 1600
* 5 October: Wedding of Maria de 'Medici and Henry IV of France [it].
* Biblioteca Riccardiana founded (approximate date).[5]
* Premiere of Peri's opera Euridice.[15]

## 17th–19th centuries

[edit]

* 1625 – Premiere of Francesca Caccini's opera La liberazione di Ruggiero.[16]
* 1656 – Teatro della Pergola built.
* 1700 – Fortepiano musical instrument prototyped.[13]
* 1739 – Academia Botanica established.[17]
* 1740 – Teatro di Santa Maria built.
* 1753 – Accademia dei Georgofili established.[17]
* 1775 – Museo di Storia Naturale di Firenze established.
* 1784 – Galleria dell'Accademia established.
* 1799 – French occupation begins.[2]
* 1814
* French occupation ends.[2]
* Jewish ghetto abolished.[18]
* 1817 – Teatro Goldoni opens.
* 1828 – Teatro Alfieri opens.
* 1844 – 3 November: Florence flood of 1844 [it].
* 1847 – Premiere of Verdi's opera Macbeth.[15]
* 1848
* Prato-Florence railway begins operating.
* Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station opens.
* 1852 – Archivio di Stato di Firenze (state archives) established.
* 1859 – La Nazione newspaper begins publication.[19]
* 1861
* National Library active.
* Population: 150,864.
* 1862 – Politeama Fiorentino Vittorio Emanuele amphitheatre opens.
* 1864 – Florence becomes part of Italy.[1]
* 1865 – Italian capital relocated to Florence from Turin.[20]
* 1867 – Società Geografica Italiana headquartered in Florence.
* 1871
* Palazzo delle Assicurazioni Generali built.
* Population: 167,093.[21]
* 1879 – Horse-drawn tram begins operating.
* 1882 – Great Synagogue of Florence built.
* 1891 – Cathedral Museum opens.[5]
* 1896 – Firenze Campo di Marte railway station opens.
* 1897
* Leo S. Olschki Editore in business.
* Population: 209,540.[22]

## 20th century

[edit]

* 1901 – Population: 236,635.
* 1904 – Giardino Tropicale established.[23]
* 1908 – La Voce magazine begins publication.
* 1922 – Cinema Teatro Savoia opens.[24]
* 1925 – Non Mollare [it] newspaper begins publication.[20]
* 1926 – Chiesa di Santa Maria a Ricorboli [it] (church) built.
* 1931 – Population: 304,160.
* 1933 – Maggio Musicale Fiorentino begins.
* 1934 – Bologna–Florence railway begins operating.[2]
* 1936 – Cinema Vittoria built.[24]
* 1943
* German occupation begins.
* 25 September: Aerial bombing by Allied forces.
* 1944
* 3 August: Bridges bombed by German forces.[2]
* 11 August: German occupation ends.[2]
* 1948 – Ponte alla Carraia (bridge) rebuilt.
* 1954 – 27 October: 1954 UFO sighting in Florence [it]
* 1957 – Ponte Amerigo Vespucci (bridge) built.
* 1959 – Giardino dell'Iris (garden) established.[23]
* 1961 – Population: 436,516.
* 1966 – 4 November: 1966 Flood of the Arno River.[2]
* 1968 – Ospedale Piero Palagi [it] (hospital) built.
* 1977 – Florence–Rome high-speed railway begins operating.
* 1978 – Indiano Bridge built.
* 1982 – Historic Centre of Florence designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
* 1986 – Gran Caffè Doney closes.
* 1991 – Population: 403,294.
* 1993 – 27 May: Via dei Georgofili bombing.[2]
* 1995 – European Rapid Operational Force headquartered in Florence.
* 1997 – City website online (approximate date).[25]

## 21st century

[edit]

* 2001 – Population: 356,118.
* 2002 – November: European Social Forum held in city.
* 2009
* Bologna–Florence high-speed railway begins operating.
* Matteo Renzi becomes mayor.
* 2011 – 13 December: 2011 Florence shootings.
* 2013 – Population: 366,039 city; 987,354 province.[26]
* 2014 – Dario Nardella becomes mayor.
* 2015 – City becomes capital of the newly created Metropolitan City of Florence.

## See also

[edit]

* History of Florence
* List of mayors of Florence

Other cities in the macroregion of Central Italy:(it)

* Timeline of Ancona, Marche region
* Timeline of Arezzo, Tuscany region
* Timeline of Livorno, Tuscany
* Timeline of Lucca, Tuscany
* Timeline of Perugia, Umbria region
* Timeline of Pisa, Tuscany
* Timeline of Pistoia, Tuscany
* Timeline of Prato, Tuscany
* Timeline of Rome, Lazio region
* Timeline of Siena, Tuscany

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Townsend 1867.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Timeline of the history of Florence". Provincia di Firenze. Archived from the original on 6 January 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Staley 1906.
4. ^ a b c d e Charles E. Little (1900), "Italy", Cyclopedia of Classified Dates, New York: Funk & Wagnalls
5. ^ a b c d e Baedeker 1913.
6. ^ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum [in German] (1996). "The First Public Clocks". History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
7. ^ "Italian Peninsula, 1000–1400 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
8. ^ a b Michael Wyatt, ed. (2014). "Timeline". Cambridge Companion to the Italian Renaissance. Cambridge University Press. p. xxi+. ISBN 978-1-139-99167-4.
9. ^ Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Italy: Firenze". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450631 - via HathiTrust.
10. ^ Luca Landucci, A Florentine Diary tr. Alice de Rosen Jervis (New York, 1969) p. 44
11. ^ Gardner 1920.
12. ^ "Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance: Timeline". Empires. US: Public Broadcasting Service. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
13. ^ a b c d Joseph P. Swain (2013). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Baroque Music. US: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7825-9.
14. ^ Tom Dunmore (2011). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Soccer. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7188-5.
15. ^ a b "Timeline of opera", Oxford Music Online, Oxford University Press, retrieved 30 June 2015
16. ^ Stephen Rose (2005). "Chronology". In Tim Carter and John Butt (ed.). Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Music. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79273-8.
17. ^ a b James E. McClellan (1985). "Official Scientific Societies: 1600–1793". Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-05996-1.
18. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia 1906.
19. ^ "Italy". Western Europe. Regional Surveys of the World (5th ed.). Europa Publications. 2003. ISBN 978-1-85743-152-0.
20. ^ a b Mark Gilbert; Robert K. Nilsson (2007). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of Modern Italy. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6428-3.
21. ^ "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1873. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590360.
22. ^ "Italy". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590550 - via HathiTrust.
23. ^ a b "Garden Search: Italy". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
24. ^ a b "Movie Theaters in Florence". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
25. ^ "Città di Firenze Rete Civica" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 1997-01-21 - via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
26. ^ "Resident Population". Demo-Geodemo. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica. Retrieved 30 January 2015.

This article incorporates information from the Italian Wikipedia.

## Bibliography

[edit]

Further information (in Italian): Bibliography of the history of Florence [it]

* Giuseppe Maria Mecatti (1755). Storia chronologica della città di Firenze [Chronological history of the city of Florence] (in Italian). Napoli: Stamperia Simoniana. (1977 reprint)
* J. Willoughby Rosse (1858). "Florence". Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World. London: H.G. Bohn. hdl:2027/uva.x030807786 - via Hathi Trust.
* George Henry Townsend (1867), "Florence", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
* William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Florence". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
* William Smith, ed. (1872) [1854]. "Florentia". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray. hdl:2027/hvd.ah5cuq.
* Ismar Elbogen (1906), "Florence", Jewish Encyclopedia
* Edgcumbe Staley (1906). "Chronology". Guilds of Florence. London: Methuen & Co. hdl:2027/uc1.$b94514.
* Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Florence", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
* "Florence", Northern Italy (14th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1913, hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t7rn3cv1g
* Edmund G. Gardner (1920). Story of Florence. London: J. M. Dent & Co.
* Millard Meiss (1951). "Chronological Table". Painting in Florence and Siena After the Black Death: the Arts, Religion, and Society in the Mid-fourteenth Century. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00312-2.
* Athanasios Moulakis (1998). "Chronology of Florentine Institutional Development". Republican Realism in Renaissance Florence. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8476-8994-1.
* Michael Levey (1996). "Selective Chronology". Florence: A Portrait. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-30658-5.
* Ted Jones (2013). "Chronology of Events". Florence And Tuscany: a Literary Guide for Travellers. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84885-836-7.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Florence.

* Università degli Studi di Firenze. "Storia di Firenze" (in Italian). (Includes chronologies)

43°47′00″N 11°15′00″E﻿ / ﻿43.783333°N 11.25°E﻿ / 43.783333; 11.25

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