Timeline of Frankfurt

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

## Prior to 19th century

[edit]

Part of a series on the

History of Germany

Topics

* Chronology
* Historiography
* Military
* Economy
* LGBT
* Judaism
* Women
* Territorial evolution
* Historic states (Holy Roman Empire)
* Monarchs (Queens, Empresses, 1918, Family tree, Austria, Bavaria, Prussia, Saxony, Württemberg, Mediatised)

Early history

* Linear Pottery culture
* Únětice culture
* Urnfield culture
* Germanic peoples
* Migration Period
* Barbarian kingdoms
* Frankish Empire

Middle Ages

* East Francia
* Kingdom of Germany
* Holy Roman Empire
* Eastward settlement

Early Modern period

* Sectionalism
* 18th century
* Kingdom of Prussia

Unification

* Mediatisation
* Confederation of the Rhine
*     * German Confederation
* Zollverein

* German revolutions of 1848–1849
* North German Confederation

German Reich

| German Empire| 1871–1918

|

World War I| 1914–1918
Weimar Republic| 1918–1933
Nazi Germany| 1933–1945
World War II| 1939–1945

Contemporary Germany

* Occupation
* Ostgebiete

| 1945–1949/1952

|

Expulsion of Germans| 1944–1950

* West–East division

| 1949–1990

* Reunification
* New states

| 1990
Modern history| since 1990

* Germany portal
* History portal

* v
* t
* e

* pre 475 CE – Roman town Nida was the capital of Civitas Taunensium and one of important fortresses near the Limes Germanicus
* 843 CE – City becomes capital of East Francia.
* 1180 – Staufenmauer built.
* 1241 – Judenschlacht – First of two pogroms of Jews in the city.
* 1333 – City expands.
* 1349 – Judenschlacht.
* 1360 – Schützenverein Frankfurt-Höchst (militia) formed.[1]
* 1370 – Public clock installed (approximate date).[2]
* 1372
* Free City of Frankfurt becomes part of Holy Roman Empire.
* City buys forest from Charles IV.
* 1405 – Römer converted into city hall.
* 1428 – Eschenheimer Turm built.
* 1462 – Frankfurter Judengasse established.
* 1493 – Passion play begins.[3]
* 1531 – Printing press in operation.[4]
* 1581 – Rumpolt's cookbook published.[5]
* 1585 – Bourse established.
* 1648 – Peace of Westphalia confirms Frankfurt as an Imperial Free City.
* 1681 – St. Catherine's Church built.
* 1719 – Fire.
* 1739 – Palais Thurn und Taxis built.
* 1742 – The Palais Barckhaus at Zeil in Frankfurt serves as residence of Emperor Charles VII until 1744
* 1748 – Gebrüder Bethmann formed.
* 1750 – Mainzer Landstraße built.
* 1759 – January: City occupied by French.[6]
* 1774 – Botanical garden laid out.
* 1790 – 9 October: Coronation of Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor.
* 1792 – City occupied by French.

## 19th century

[edit]

* 1806
* City occupied by French.
* City becomes Principality of Frankfurt, under Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg.
* 1808 – Frankfurter Opern- und Museumsorchester (orchestra) established.[7]
* 1810 – City becomes part of Grand Duchy of Frankfurt.
* 1812 – City refortified.
* 1815 – Städel founded.
* 1816 – Free City of Frankfurt becomes part of German Confederation.
* 1817 – Population: 41,458 [8]
* 1829 – Frankfurter Kunstverein founded.
* 1833
* Frankfurter Wachensturm.[9]
* Paulskirche built.
* 1839 – Taunus Railway begins operating.
* 1840 – Population: 55,269 [8]
* 1843 – Alte Börse (Frankfurt am Main) [de] (stock exchange) built.
* 1846 – International Penitentiary Congress held in Frankfurt.[10]
* 1848
* September: "Uprising."[9]
* Frankfurt Assembly formed.
* 1849 – Constitution of the German Empire proclaimed by Frankfurt Parliament.
* 1856 – Frankfurter Zeitung begins publication.
* 1858 – Frankfurt Zoological Garden founded.[11]
* 1859 – Frankfurt City Link Line begins operating.
* 1861 – Population: 71,462.[12]
* 1863 – Federation of German Workers Associations [de] founded in Frankfurt.[13]
* 1864 – Population: 77,372 [8]
* 1866 – City becomes part of Hesse-Nassau, Prussia.[9]
* 1867 – Frankfurt Cathedral rebuilt.
* 1868 – Eiserner Steg (bridge) built.[14]
* 1871
* Treaty of Frankfurt signed.[9]
* Palmengarten opens.
* 1872 – Trams begin operating.[15]
* 1875 – Population: 103,136. [8]
* 1878 – Dr. Hoch's Konservatorium – Musikakademie founded.
* 1879 – Kleinmarkthalle Frankfurt [de] (market) opens.[16]
* 1880 – Alte Oper inaugurated.
* 1881 – Metallgesellschaft founded.
* 1886 – Frankfurter Friedensverein (peace group) organized.[17]
* 1890 – Population: 179,985 [8]
* 1895
* Bockenheim becomes part of city.
* Stempel Type Foundry established.
* Population: 229,279.
* 1897 – Frankfurt Motor Show begins.

## 20th century

[edit]

### 1900s–1940s

[edit]

Frankfurt at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries

* 1904 – Museum der Weltkulturen founded.
* 1905 – Population: 334,978. [8]
* 1907 - May: City hosts the 1907 World Weightlifting Championships and 1907 World Wrestling Championships.
* 1909
* Städtische Galerie Liebieghaus established.
* Festhalle built.
* 1914 – University of Frankfurt established.
* 1919 – Population: 433,002.[18]
* 1923 – Institute for Social Research founded.
* 1925 – Husarendenkmal (Frankfurt am Main) [de] (monument) installed.
* 1926 – Alte Brücke (Frankfurt) (bridge) rebuilt.
* 1928
* Höchst becomes part of city.[19]
* Großmarkthalle built.
* Polish Consulate relocated from Cologne to Frankfurt.[20]
* Population: 551,200.
* 1929
* Frankfurt Radio Symphony formed.[21]
* Holy Cross Church built.
* 1930 – IG Farben Building constructed.
* 1931 – Frankfurter Volksbank Stadion opens.
* 1934 – Adlerwerke vorm. Heinrich Kleyer established.
* 1936
* Frankfurt Airport opens.
* Grüneburgpark opens.
* 1937 – Nazi camp for Sinti and Romani people established (see also Porajmos).[22]
* 1938 – Frankfurt University of Music and Performing Arts founded.
* 1942
* Nazi camp for Sinti and Romani people dissolved.[22]
* February: Forced labour camp established in the Heddernheim district.[23]
* 1944 – Bombing begins.

American troops in Frankfurt in 1945

* 1945
* 18 March: Forced labour camp in Heddernheim dissolved. Prisoners deported to the Buchenwald concentration camp.[23]
* 26–29 March: Battle of Frankfurt
* July: American zone of Allied-occupied Germany headquartered in Frankfurt.
* Frankfurter Rundschau begins publication.
* 1946 – Eschwege displaced persons camp set up.
* 1948
* Hessischer Rundfunk begins broadcasting.
* Bank deutscher Länder headquartered in Frankfurt.[24]
* 1949
* Frankfurt Book Fair resumes.
* Deutsches Institut für Filmkunde founded.
* Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.

### 1950s–1990s

[edit]

* 1951 – Opern- und Schauspielhaus Frankfurt built.
* 1953 – Population: 600,579.
* 1954 – Goethe House opens.
* 1955 – Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport opens.
* 1957 – Deutsche Bundesbank headquartered in Frankfurt.[24]
* 1958
* Noor Mosque built.[25]
* Museum für Kommunikation Frankfurt and Cinema Kino[26] open.
* 1959 – Justizvollzugsanstalt Frankfurt am Main IV [de] (prison) begins operating.
* 1960
* Sigmund-Freud-Institut [de] founded.
* City twinned with Lyon, France.[27]
* 1963 – Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials begin.
* 1966 – City twinned with Birmingham, United Kingdom.[27]
* 1967 – City twinned with Deuil-La Barre, France.[27]
* 1968 – Frankfurt U-Bahn begins operating.
* 1970
* Peace Research Institute Frankfurt[28] and Frankfurter Autoren Theater [de][1] founded.
* City twinned with Milan, Italy.[27]
* 1974 – City-Haus built.
* 1978
* Rhine-Main S-Bahn begins operating.
* Historic Railway museum founded.
* 1979
* Europaturm built.
* Titanic magazine begins publication.
* City twinned with Cairo, Egypt.[27]
* 1980 – City twinned with Tel Aviv, Israel.[27]
* 1981
* Frankfurt Marathon begins.
* Museum für Moderne Kunst founded.
* 1984 – German Architecture Museum opens.[29]
* 1987 – Neues Theater Höchst [de] founded.
* 1988 – City twinned with Guangzhou, China.[27]
* 1989
* City hosts Bundesgartenschau (garden show).[30]
* City twinned with Toronto, Canada.[27]
* 1990
* May: City hosts the 1990 European Judo Championships.
* City twinned with Budapest, Hungary, and Prague, Czech Republic.[27]
* 1991
* Andreas von Schoeler becomes mayor.
* City twinned with Granada, Nicaragua, Kraków, Poland, and Leipzig.[27][31]
* 1992 – Institut für Stadtgeschichte (Frankfurt am Main) [de] (Institute for City History) established.
* 1993
* Westendstrasse 1 built.
* Deutsche Börse headquartered in Frankfurt.
* 1994 – European Monetary Institute headquartered in Frankfurt.[24]
* 1995
* Deutscher Commercial Internet Exchange founded.
* Petra Roth becomes mayor.
* 1996 – City website online (approximate date).[32]
* 1998 – European Central Bank headquartered in Frankfurt.
* 1999 – Main Tower built.
* 2000
* Museum Giersch opens.
* Population: 646,550.

## 21st century

[edit]

* 2001 – Cinestar [de] Metropolis (movie theatre) in business.[26]
* 2002 – Köln–Frankfurt high-speed rail line begins operating.
* 2003
* Bikeshare program launched.[33]
* Adorno-Denkmal [de] (monument) installed.
* 2005 - Wikimania conference held in city.
* 2007
* Holy Cross - Centre for Christian Meditation and Spirituality of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Limburg in the Holy Cross Church in Bornheim founded.
* City twinned with Dubai, United Arab Emirates.[31]
* 2009 – Zeil renovated.
* 2011
* June–July: City co-hosts the 2011 FIFA Women's World Cup.
* City twinned with Yokohama, Japan.[31]
* 2012 - Peter Feldmann becomes mayor.[34]
* 2013 – City twinned with Eskişehir, Turkey.[31]
* 2014 – Population: 714,241.
* 2015
* Economic unrest.[35]
* City twinned with Philadelphia, United States.[31]

## See also

[edit]

* History of Frankfurt am Main
* List of mayors of Frankfurt

Other cities in the state of Hesse:(de)

* Timeline of Kassel

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Hermann Tallau (2008). "Alteste (100) Schützenvereinigungen 799-1392". Ein Kaleidoskop zum Schützenwesen (in German). Duderstadt: Mecke Druck und Verlag. ISBN 978-3-936617-85-6.
2. ^ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum [in German] (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
3. ^ William Grange (2006). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of German Theater. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6489-4.
4. ^ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
5. ^ Alan Davidson (2014). Oxford Companion to Food (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-104072-6.
6. ^ Franz A.J. Szabo (2013). "Chronology of Major Events". The Seven Years War in Europe: 1756–1763. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-88697-6.
7. ^ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
8. ^ a b c d e f Britannica 1910.
9. ^ a b c d Ernest F. Henderson (1937). "Chronological Table: 1658-1914". A Short History of Germany. New York: Macmillan. hdl:2027/uc1.b3851058 – via HathiTrust.
10. ^ Mitchel P. Roth (2006). "Chronology". Prisons and Prison Systems: A Global Encyclopedia. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-32856-5.
11. ^ Führer durch den zoologischen Garten in Frankfurt-am-Main (in German), Frankfurt a.M, 1870, OL 24532112M`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
12. ^ Georg Friedrich Kolb [in German] (1862). "Deutschland: Frankfurt am Main". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.
13. ^ Masao Nishikawa (2010). Socialists and International Actions for Peace 1914–1923. Frank & Timme. ISBN 978-3-86596-296-6.
14. ^ Tiefbauwesen 1903.
15. ^ Leclerc, Florian (19 May 2022). "Frankfurt: Die Pferdetram wird 150 Jahre alt". Nachrichten aus Deutschland und der Welt, Frankfurter Rundschau (in German). Retrieved 9 July 2022.
16. ^ Ursula Heinzelmann (2008). "Timeline". Food Culture in Germany. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-34495-4.
17. ^ Alfred Hermann Fried (1905). Handbuch der Friedensbewegung [Handbook of the Peace Movement] (in German). Vienna: Verlag der Oesterreichischen Friedensgesellschaft.
18. ^ "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via HathiTrust.
19. ^ "Die Entwicklung zur modernen Großstadt 1866–1945", Chronik der Stadt Frankfurt am Main (in German), Frankfurt: Institut für Stadtgeschichte, retrieved 30 September 2015
20. ^ Chałupczak, Henryk (2004). "Powstanie i działalność polskich placówek konsularnych w okresie międzywojennym (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem pogranicza polsko-niemiecko-czechosłowackiego)". In Kaczmarek, Ryszard; Masnyk, Marek (eds.). Konsulaty na pograniczu polsko-niemieckim i polsko-czechosłowackim w 1918–1939 (in Polish). Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. p. 20.
21. ^ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 20th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
22. ^ a b "Lager für Sinti und Roma Frankfurt am Main". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 20 August 2022.
23. ^ a b "Arbeitserziehungslager Frankfurt-Heddernheim". Bundesarchiv.de (in German). Retrieved 20 August 2022.
24. ^ a b c Glyn Davies; Roy Davies (2002). "Comparative Chronology of Money" – via University of Exeter.
25. ^ Jocelyne Cesari, ed. (2014). Oxford Handbook of European Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960797-6.
26. ^ a b "Movie Theaters in Frankfurt, Germany". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved 30 September 2015.
27. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Die Zeitgeschichte 1945–2000", Chronik der Stadt Frankfurt am Main (in German), Frankfurt: Institut für Stadtgeschichte, retrieved 30 September 2015
28. ^ "Organizations". International Relations and Security Network. Switzerland: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
29. ^ Deutsches Architekturmuseum. "About Us". Retrieved July 22, 2012.
30. ^ "Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
31. ^ a b c d e Frankfurts Partnerstädte (in German), Stadt Frankfurt am Main, retrieved 30 September 2015
32. ^ "Stadt Frankfurt Online" (in German). Archived from the original on 1996-12-31 – via Internet Archive, Wayback Machine.
33. ^ "Exploring Bike-Shares In Other Cities". New York Bike Share Project. Storefront for Art and Architecture. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
34. ^ "German mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
35. ^ "Germany riot targets new ECB headquarters in Frankfurt". BBC News. 18 March 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2024.

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

## Bibliography

[edit]

### in English

[edit]

Published in 18th–19th centuries

* Thomas Nugent (1749), "Frankfort", The Grand Tour, vol. 2: Germany and Holland, London: S. Birt, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030762572
* Edward Augustus Domeier (1830), "Frankfort on the Maine", Descriptive Road-Book of Germany, London: Samuel Leigh, hdl:2027/hvd.hx167e
* Webster, Hugh Alexander (1879). "Frankfort-on-the-Main" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (9th ed.).

Published in 20th century

* Frankfurt am Main. City Engineers Dept. (1907). Guide to Some of the Public Works of Frankfort-am-Main.
* Frankfurter Verkehrsverein (1908). Official guide for Frankfort-on-Main and vicinity. Frankfort-on-Main: R. Th. Hauser & Co.
* "Frankfort-on-Main" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 17–21.
* "Frankfort", The Rhine, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 21888483 \+ 1882 ed.
* Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911), "Frankfort-am-Main", The Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards
* Martin Herbert Dodge (1920), The government of the city of Frankfort-on-the Main, [New York?], OCLC 2056934, OL 6632558M`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Robert E Dickinson (1951). "Structure of the German City: Frankfurt". West European City: a Geographical Interpretation. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-25970-8. `{{cite book}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
* Carl-Ludwig Holtfrerich [in German] (1999). "Chronicle of Frankfurt as a financial centre (chronology)". Frankfurt as a Financial Centre: From Medieval Trade Fair to European Banking Centre. C.H.Beck. ISBN 978-3-406-45671-8. (chronology)

### in German

[edit]

* Zeiller, Martin (1646). "Franckfurt". Topographia Hassiae et Regionum Vicinarum. Topographia Germaniae (in German). Frankfurt. p. 27+. circa 1646/1655
* "Frankfurt a.M.". Biblioteca geographica: Verzeichniss der seit der Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts bis zu Ende des Jahres 1856 in Deutschland (in German). Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. 1858. (bibliography)
* Stadtgemeinde Frankfurt a.M. (1903). Das städtische Tiefbauwesen in Frankfurt a.M. (in German). Schirmer & Mahkau.
* Frankfurt a.M. Griebens Reiseführer (in German). A. Goldschmidt. 1912.
* P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Frankfurt a.M.". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
* Karl Enslin (1861). Frankfurter Sagenbuch. Sagen und sagenhafte Geschichten aus Frankfurt am Main. Neue Ausgabe (in German). Frankfurt a. M., H. L. Brönner.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Frankfurt am Main.

* Tourismus+Congress GmbH. Frankfurt City History

50°06′43″N 8°41′09″E﻿ / ﻿50.111806°N 8.685944°E﻿ / 50.111806; 8.685944

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