Timeline of Kraków

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kraków, Poland.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

## Prior to 16th century

[edit]

Part of a series on the

History of Poland

Topics

* Polonophile
* Polonization
* Flag
* Name
* Coat of arms
* Monarchs
* Military history
* Wars
* Territorial evolution
* Jewish history
* Statehood

Prehistory and protohistory

* Stone Age
* Bronze and Iron Age
* Antiquity
* Polish tribes

Middle Ages

* Early Middle Ages
* Christianization

| Piast period| 10th century-1385

|

Jagiellonian period| 1385-1572

Early modern

| Early elective monarchy| 1572-1648

|

Deluge and decline| 1648-1764
Three partitions| 1764-1795

Modern

| Partitioned Poland| 1795-1918

|

World War I| 1914-1918
Second Republic| 1918-1939
World War II| 1939-1945
Communist Poland| 1945-1989

Contemporary

| Third Republic| 1989-present

|

Timeline of Polish history
Bibliography of the history of Poland

* Poland portal
* History portal

* v
* t
* e

* 1000 - Catholic diocese of Kraków established.[1]
* 1038 - Capital of Poland relocated from Gniezno/Poznań to Kraków.
* 1044 - Benedictine Abbey of Tyniec [pl] established in Tyniec near Kraków.[2]
* 1079 - Capital of Poland relocated from Kraków to Płock.
* 1138
* Capital of Poland relocated from Płock back to Kraków.
* Kraków becomes the capital of the newly formed Seniorate Province.
* 1142 - Cathedral built (approximate date).[2]
* 1241 - Kraków sacked by Mongol forces during the first Mongol invasion of Poland.[3]
* 1257 - The town granted Magdeburg rights, signing of Lokacja Krakowa [pl].[3]
* 1290 - Town captured by Wenceslaus II of Bohemia.[4]
* 1306 - Kraków taken by Władysław Łokietek.[3]
* 1313 - Kraków Town Hall built (approximate date).[5]
* 1315 - 27 June: Polish-Danish-Norwegian-Swedish alliance concluded in Kraków.[6]
* 1320
* 20 January: Coronation of Władysław I Łokietek as King of Poland in the Wawel Cathedral, as the first Polish king to be crowned in Kraków.[7]
* Kraków becomes the official coronation site for the kings of Poland.[7]
* 1333
* Burial of Władysław I Łokietek in the Wawel Cathedral as the first Polish king to be buried there.[7]
* Wawel Cathedral becomes the official burial site for the kings of Poland.[7]
* 1364
* 12 May: Cracow Academy founded.[4]
* 22–27 September: Congress of Kraków.
* Wawel Cathedral[8] and Collegium Maius built.
* 1384 - 16 October: Royal coronation of Queen Jadwiga of Poland in the Wawel Cathedral.[9]
* 1386
* 15 February: Baptism of Władysław II Jagiełło in the Wawel Cathedral.[10]
* 18 February: Royal wedding of Władysław II Jagiełło and Jadwiga of Poland.[10]
* 4 March: Royal coronation of Władysław II Jagiełło in the Wawel Cathedral.[10]
* 1390 - Public clock installed (approximate date).[11]
* 1395 - Kraków Cloth Hall built.[8]
* 1397 - St. Mary's Basilica built.
* 1399 - Burial of Queen Jadwiga of Poland and Princess Elizabeth Bonifacia in the Wawel Cathedral.[12]
* 1407 - Synagogue built in Kazimierz.[13]
* 1417 - Royal coronation of Elizabeth Granowska as Queen consort of Poland in the Wawel Cathedral.[14]
* 1420 - Bellmakers guild established.[2]
* 1443 - Earthquake, which caused damage to the Saint Catherine Church.[15]
* 1491
* Paper mill established in Prądnik Czerwony.[16]
* Printing press in operation.[17]
* Nicolaus Copernicus begins studies in Kraków.

## 16th to 18th centuries

[edit]

* 1521 - Sigismund Bell installed in tower of Wawel Cathedral.
* 1525
* 8 April: Treaty of Kraków signed.
* 10 April: Prussian Homage.
* 1558 - Establishment of a permanent postal connection between Kraków and Venice; foundation of Poczta Polska.[18] The organizer was the Italian Prospero Provana, and from 1569 the royal privilege was transferred to Valerian Montelupi.
* 1566 - Kraków arsenal [pl] built (near St. Florian's Gate).

Kraków in the early 17th century

* 1587 - Kraków besieged by Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria.
* 1596 - First acquisition of citizenship in the city by a Scot (see also Scots in Poland).[19]
* 1609 - Polish capital relocated from Kraków to Warsaw by Sigismund III Vasa (approximate date).[3]
* 1610 - Bagel first mentioned.
* 1618 - Church of St. Adalbert rebuilt.
* 1619 - Saints Peter and Paul Church built.[8]
* 1643 - Obergymnasium of St. Anna (school) built on St. Anna Street, Kraków [pl].[8]
* 1655 - Siege of Kraków (1655) by Swedish forces.[3]

Siege of Kraków by Swedish forces, October 1655

* 1661 - Merkuriusz Polski Ordynaryjny newspaper begins publication.
* 1702 - Swedish invasion of Poland (1701–1706): City taken by forces of Charles XII of Sweden.[20]
* 1703 - Church of St. Anne rebuilt.[2]
* 1768
* City taken by Russian forces.[20]
* St. Florian's Church rebuilt.[4]
* 1775 - 2nd Infantry Regiment of the Polish Crown Army stationed in Kraków.[21]
* 1781 - Theatre opens.[citation needed]
* 1783 - Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University founded.[22]

Kraków in the late 18th century

* 1794
* 24 March: Kościuszko's proclamation against Russian rule occurs in Main Square.[3]
* Polish 3rd Infantry Regiment stationed in Kraków.[21]
* June: Prussians in power.[20]
* 1795 - City annexed by Austria in the Third Partition of Poland.[20][4]

## 19th century

[edit]

* 1809 - City becomes part of the Duchy of Warsaw.[3]
* 1810 - Population: 23,612.
* 1815 - Republic of Krakow established per Congress of Vienna.[23]
* 1820 - Most of Kraków Town Hall demolished (except tower).
* 1823 - Kościuszko Mound completed.
* 1829 - Fryderyk Chopin visited Kraków.[24]
* 1831 - City occupied by Russian forces.[20]
* 1846
* February: Kraków Uprising against Austrian forces; Polish National Government (Kraków Uprising) [pl] established.
* November: City becomes part of Austria again; Grand Duchy of Cracow established.[23][4]
* 1847 - Kraków Główny railway station built.
* 1848 - Czas [pl] newspaper begins publication.[25]

Building of the Kościuszko Mound (painting by Teodor Baltazar Stachowicz)

* 1850
* 18 February: Archaeological Museum of Kraków established.
* 18 July: Kraków fire of 1850.[20]
* 1851 - Population: 41,086.[26]
* 1869 - July: Imprisonment of nun Barbara Ubryk [pl] discovered; unrest ensues.[20]
* 1873 - School of Fine Arts and Academy of Learning[27] active.
* 1879 - National Museum, Kraków established.
* 1883:
* The first ever liquefaction of oxygen and nitrogen performed by Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski in Kraków
* Konstanty Schmidt-Ciążyński gifted his collection of engraved gems to National Museum in Kraków
* 1885 - Park Krakowski established.[28]
* 1890 - Population: 76,025.[29]
* 1893 - Municipal Theatre opens.
* 1898 - Mickiewicz monument installed in Main Square.[8]
* 1900
* Nicolaus Copernicus Monument unveiled.
* Population: 91,310.[4]

## 20th century

[edit]

### 1900–1939

[edit]

Funeral of Polish poet Stanisław Wyspiański in 1907

* 1904 - Emeryk Hutten-Czapski Museum opened.
* 1905 - Zielony Balonik literary cabaret begins in Jama Michalika on Floriańska Street.
* 1906 - Cracovia and Wisła Kraków football clubs founded.
* 1909 - Kraków Philharmonic Orchestra founded.
* 1910
* 15 July: Grunwald Monument unveiled.
* Population: 151,781.[30]
* 1916 - Kino Sztuka [pl] (cinema) opens.[citation needed]
* 1917 - Formiści (art group) formed.[31]
* 1918 - City becomes part of reborn Poland.[3]
* 1919 - Wawel Kraków football club founded.
* 1920 - Population: 176,463.[32]
* 1921
* Garbarnia Kraków football club founded.
* Cracovia wins its first Polish football championship.
* 1923 - Cracovia ice hockey team founded.
* 1927 - Wisła Kraków wins its first Polish football championship.
* 1929
* Kraków Zoo opens.[33]
* Cracovia wins its first Polish men's basketball championship.
* Cracovia wins its first Polish women's basketball championship.
* 1930 - Wawel Castle museum established.
* 1931
* Kraków Philharmonic hall opens.
* Garbarnia Kraków wins its first Polish football championship.
* Population: 219,300.
* 1933
* Grupa Krakowska [pl] (art group) formed.[34]
* Cracovia wins its first Polish men's volleyball championship.
* 1937 - Cracovia wins its first Polish ice hockey championship.

### World War II (1939–1945)

[edit]

Parade of German police and SS in German-occupied Kraków in October 1940

* 1939
* 6 September: German forces enter city.
* 12 September: The Einsatzgruppe zbV entered the city.[35]
* 12 September: Execution of 10 Jews by the Germans.[36]
* September: Dulag transit camp for Polish prisoners of war established by the Germans.[37]
* September: Organizacja Orła Białego underground Polish resistance organization founded.[38]
* 4 November: City becomes seat of Nazi German General Government of occupied Poland.
* 6 November: 183 Polish professors and lecturers arrested by the Germans during Sonderaktion Krakau.
* 9–10 November: Mass arrests of 120 Poles, incl. teachers, students and judges, during the Intelligenzaktion.[39]
* 1939–1940 - Massacres of over 1,700 Poles at Fort 49 of the Kraków Fortress and the adjacent forest.[40]
* 1940
* 30 March: Mass arrests of Poles during the AB-Aktion.[39]
* July: Dulag camp dissolved.[37]
* 1941 - March: Kraków Ghetto of Jews established by occupying Germans.
* 1942
* 15 April: Baudienst forced labour camp established by the Germans.
* 5 June: Stalag 369 [pl] prisoner-of-war camp for Dutch, Belgian and French POWs established by the Germans.[41]
* Local branch of the Żegota underground Polish resistance organization established to rescue Jews from the Holocaust.[42]
* October: Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp established by the Germans.
* 1943 - March: Liquidation of the Kraków Ghetto.
* 1944
* 22 July: Baudienst forced labour camp dissolved.
* 6 August: Stalag 369 camp dissolved.
* Deportations of Poles by the occupiers from the Dulag 121 camp in Pruszków to Kraków during and following the Warsaw Uprising.[43]
* 1945
* January: Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp evacuated by the occupiers and dissolved.
* January: Russians take city; German occupation ends.[3]

### 1945–2000

[edit]

* 1945 – Historical Museum of Kraków established.
* 1946 - Krakow Polytechnic established.
* 1949
* Gazeta Krakowska newspaper begins publication.
* Development of Nowa Huta area begins.
* 1950
* Bunkier Sztuki Contemporary Art Gallery [pl] founded.[44]
* Population: 347,500.[23]

Kraków Old Town in 1958

* 1951 - Polish Academy of Sciences' Division of Medicinal Plants established.[22]
* 1954
* Lenin Steelworks begins operating.
* Opera Krakowska founded.
* Wisła Kraków wins its first Polish men's basketball championship.
* 1955
* Cricot 2 theatre group formed.[34]
* Population: 428,231.
* 1956
* 28 October: Start of mass blood donation for the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (see also Hungary–Poland relations).[45]
* Raising of funds, food and medical supplies for the Hungarians.[45]
* 30 October, 5 November: Protests against the Soviet suppression of the Hungarian Revolution.[45]
* 1959
* Krzysztofory Gallery[34] and Kino Mikro (cinema).[citation needed] open.
* Wawel Kraków wins its first Polish women's basketball championship.
* Wisła Kraków wins its first Polish women's volleyball championship.
* 1961 - Kraków Film Festival begins.
* 1963 - Wisła Kraków wins its first Polish women's basketball championship.
* 1964
* Balice Airport begins operating.
* Polish Aviation Museum established.
* Karol Wojtyła becomes Catholic archbishop.[46]
* 1965 – Population: 520,145.
* 1967 - Kino Kijów [pl] (cinema) opens.
* 1973 - Tyniec becomes part of Kraków.
* 1974 - Population: 662,900.[47]

Kraków Old Town

* 1978
* May: Kraków co-hosts the 1978 UEFA European Under-18 Championship.
* Kraków Old Town designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.[48]
* 1979 - Hutnik Kraków wins its first Polish handball championship.
* 1988
* Hutnik Kraków wins its first Polish men's volleyball championship.
* Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków begins.[49]
* 1990 - Czas Krakowski [pl] newspaper begins publication.[25]
* 1993 - Institute for Strategic Studies established.[1]
* 1997 - Cracow Klezmer Band formed.
* 1998 - Andrzej Maria Gołaś becomes mayor.
* 1999 - City becomes part of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
* 2000 - City designated a European Capital of Culture.[48]

## 21st century

[edit]

* 2001 - Honorary Consulate of Norway opened.[50]
* 2002 - Jacek Majchrowski becomes mayor.
* 2004
* 17 April: First khachkar in Poland unveiled.[51]
* 7 May: First Kraków Equality March.
* 2006 - Galeria Krakowska shopping mall in business.
* 2008
* Kraków Fast Tram begins operating.
* International Festival of Independent Cinema Off Plus Camera begins.
* 2009
* Kino Agrafka [pl] (cinema) opens.[citation needed]
* Sister city relationship established with San Francisco, USA.[52]

Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków

* 2010
* 1 February: Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków opened.[53]
* 18 April: State funeral of Lech and Maria Kaczyński.
* 10 June: Oskar Schindler's Enamel Factory museum opened.[53]
* 17 July: Ignacy Jan Paderewski monument erected in Strzelecki Park, Kraków [pl].
* 30 September: Bernatek Footbridge [pl] opened.[53]
* 2012 - Population: 758,300.[54]
* 2013
* 8–9 October: Arraiolos Group meeting held.
* Air pollution in Krakow reaches annual mean of 37 PM2.5 and 51 PM10, more than recommended.[55]
* 2014
* May: Tauron Arena opens.
* May: Kraków referendum, 2014 held; Kraków bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics withdrawn.
* 2016
* January: Kraków co-hosts the 2016 European Men's Handball Championship.
* 13–17 July: Kraków hosts the final round of the 2016 FIVB Volleyball World League.
* 26–31 July: Kraków hosts the World Youth Day 2016.
* 2017
* June: Kraków co-hosts the 2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship.
* August–September: Kraków co-hosts the 2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship.
* 2021
* June: Honorary Consulate of Peru opened.[56]
* September: Kraków co-hosts the 2021 Men's European Volleyball Championship.
* 2023
* January: Kraków co-hosts the 2023 World Men's Handball Championship.
* June–July: Kraków hosts the 2023 European Games.

## See also

[edit]

* History of Kraków
* Other names of Kraków, e.g. Krakau
* List of mayors of Kraków
* List of churches of Kraków
* Synagogues of Kraków
* List of events in Kraków (currently ongoing)
* List of Polish monarchs, some crowned in Kraków

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Poland". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 April 2015.
2. ^ a b c d Hourihane 2012.
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Lerski 1996.
4. ^ a b c d e f Britannica 1910.
5. ^ Kamil Janicki (2012), Co się stało z krakowskim ratuszem? Ciekawostki turystyczne.
6. ^ "Wydarzenia z kalendarza historycznego: 27 czerwca 1315". chronologia.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
7. ^ a b c d "700. rocznica koronacji Łokietka na króla Polski". Kraków.pl (in Polish). 19 January 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
8. ^ a b c d e Baedeker 1911.
9. ^ "Kalendarz dat: 1384". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
10. ^ a b c "Kalendarz dat: 1386". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
11. ^ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum [in German] (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
12. ^ "Kalendarz dat: 1399". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
13. ^ "Kraków". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New York: Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015.
14. ^ "Kalendarz dat: 1417". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
15. ^ "Kalendarz dat: 1443". Dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 16 July 2022.
16. ^ Dard Hunter (1978). "Chronology". Papermaking: The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft. Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-23619-3.
17. ^ Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Austria-Hungary: Krakau". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450632 - via HathiTrust.
18. ^ "Dzień Łącznościowca". Muzeum Poczty i Telekomunikacji we Wrocławiu (in Polish). 18 October 2019. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
19. ^ Feduszka, Jacek (2009). "Szkoci i Anglicy w Zamościu w XVI-XVIII wieku". Czasy Nowożytne (in Polish). Vol. 22\. Zarząd Główny Polskiego Towarzystwa Historycznego. p. 52\. ISSN 1428-8982.
20. ^ a b c d e f g Haydn 1910.
21. ^ a b Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. pp. 26–27.
22. ^ a b "Garden Search: Poland". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
23. ^ a b c Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Cracow", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 460, OL 6112221M
24. ^ "Chopin w Krakowie i osobiste po nim pamiątki..." Interia (in Polish). 18 February 2010. Retrieved 11 December 2023.
25. ^ a b "Poland: Directory". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
26. ^ Georg Friedrich Kolb [in German] (1862). "Die europäischen Großmächte: Oesterreich". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung. "Größere Städte ... in Galizien"
27. ^ Maria Kocojowa (1994). "Poland". In Wayne A. Wiegand and Donald G. Davis, Jr. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Library History. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780824057879.
28. ^ Rostafiński 1891.
29. ^ "Austria-Hungary: Austria". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590550.
30. ^ "Austria-Hungary: Austria". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1913. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368374.
31. ^ Chris Michaelides, ed. (2007). "Chronology of the European Avant Garde, 1900─1937". Breaking the Rules: The Printed Face of the European Avant Garde 1900-1937. Online Exhibitions. British Library.
32. ^ "Poland". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 - via Hathi Trust.
33. ^ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
34. ^ a b c "Central Europe, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
35. ^ Wardzyńska 2009, p. 59.
36. ^ Wardzyńska 2009, p. 124.
37. ^ a b Megargee, Geoffrey P.; Overmans, Rüdiger; Vogt, Wolfgang (2022). The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos 1933–1945. Volume IV. Indiana University Press, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. p. 524\. ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
38. ^ Płuta-Czachowski, Kazimierz (1987). Organizacja Orła Białego (in Polish). Warszawa: PAX. pp. 76–77.
39. ^ a b Wardzyńska 2009, p. 256.
40. ^ Wardzyńska 2009, p. 269.
41. ^ Banaś, Jan; Fijałkowska, Grażyna (2006). Miejsca Pamięci Narodowej na terenie Podgórza (in Polish). Kraków. p. 30.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
42. ^ Datner, Szymon (1968). Las sprawiedliwych (in Polish). Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza. p. 69.
43. ^ "Transporty z obozu Dulag 121". Muzeum Dulag 121 (in Polish). Retrieved 10 July 2022.
44. ^ "Poland". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
45. ^ a b c "W 60. rocznicę rewolucji i walki o wolność na Węgrzech w 1956 roku". Kraków.pl (in Polish). 9 December 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
46. ^ Ring 1995.
47. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
48. ^ a b Hughes 2003.
49. ^ Steven Saxonberg & Magdalena Waligórska (2006). "Klezmer in Kraków: Kitsch, or Catharsis for Poles?". Ethnomusicology. 50 (3): 433–451\. doi:10.2307/20174469. JSTOR 20174469. S2CID 161654860.
50. ^ "Królewskie otwarcie konsulatu". Kraków Nasze Miasto (in Polish). 21 November 2001. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
51. ^ "Poświęcenie pierwszego w Polsce chaczkaru". Polish History Museum (in Polish). 3 October 2015. Retrieved 16 July 2022.
52. ^ "San Francisco Sister Cities". USA: City & County of San Francisco. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
53. ^ a b c "36 Hours in Krakow", New York Times, 29 September 2011
54. ^ "Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland 2014". Central Statistical Office of Poland. "Review Tables: Cities"
55. ^ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on 28 March 2014`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
56. ^ "Otwarcie Konsulatu Honorowego Republiki Peru w Krakowie". FaktyKrakowa.pl (in Polish). 16 June 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2022.

This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.

## Bibliography

[edit]

Published in 18th-19th centuries

* William Coxe (1784), "Cracow", Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden, and Denmark, London: T. Cadell, OCLC 654136
* Abraham Rees (1819), "Cracow", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
* John Russell (1828), "Cracow", A Tour in Germany, and Some of the Southern Provinces of the Austrian Empire, in 1820, 1821, 1822, Edinburgh: Constable, OCLC 614379840
* David Brewster, ed. (1832). "Cracow". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Vol. 7\. Philadelphia: Joseph and Edward Parker. hdl:2027/mdp.39015068302770.
* Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Cracow". Geography. English Cyclopaedia. Vol. 2\. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co. hdl:2027/nyp.33433000064794.
* William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Cracow". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t9m32q949.
* George Henry Townsend (1877), "Cracow", Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co., hdl:2027/wu.89097349427
* David Kay (1880), "Principal Towns: Cracow", Austria-Hungary, Foreign Countries and British Colonies, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030647005
* Józef Rostafiński (1891). Przewodnik po Krakowie i okolicy [Guide to Kraków] (in Polish). Kraków.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Cracow", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555

Published in 20th century

* "Cracow", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
* "Cracow". Handbook for Travellers in South Germany and Austria (15th ed.). London: J. Murray. 1903 - via Google Books.
* "Cracow". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York. 1908.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* "Cracow" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 359–360.
* Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Cracow", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
* "Cracow". Austria-Hungary (11th ed.). Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1911.
* Leonard Lepszy [in Polish] (1912), Cracow, the royal capital of ancient Poland, London: T.F. Unwin
* K.Z. Sowa (1984). "The development of Kraków in the nineteenth century against the background of the historic role of the city." (in) B. Hamm and B. Jaowiecki (eds.), Urbanism and human values. Bonn: BFLR, pp. 101–128.
* Trudy Ring, ed. (1995). "Kraków". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Northern Europe. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 386\. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.
* George Lerski (1996). "Cracow". Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.

Published in 21st century

* Howard Hughes; et al. (2003). "Significance of European 'Capital of Culture' for Tourism and Culture: The Case of Kraków 2000". International Journal of Arts Management. 5 (3): 12–23\. JSTOR 41064794.
* Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN.
* Laurențiu Rădvan [in Romanian] (2010), "Towns in the Kingdom of Poland: Wroclaw and Krakow", At Europe's Borders: Medieval Towns in the Romanian Principalities, Translated by Valentin Cîrdei, Leiden: Brill, p. 47+, ISBN 9789004180109
* Colum Hourihane, ed. (2012). "Krakow". Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kraków.

* v
* t
* e

Kraków

Districts|

* Stare Miasto (I)
* Grzegórzki (II)
* Prądnik Czerwony (III)
* Prądnik Biały (IV)
* Krowodrza (V)
* Bronowice (VI)
* Zwierzyniec (VII)
* Dębniki (VIII)
* Łagiewniki-Borek Fałęcki (IX)
* Swoszowice (X)
* Podgórze Duchackie (XI)
* Bieżanów-Prokocim (XII)
* Podgórze (XIII)
* Czyżyny (XIV)
* Mistrzejowice (XV)
* Bieńczyce (XVI)
* Wzgórza Krzesławickie (XVII)
* Nowa Huta (XVIII)
Neighborhoods: Old Town
* Wawel
* Kleparz
* Kazimierz
* Bielany

Attractions|

* Wawel
* Wawel Dragon
* Kazimierz
* National Museum
* Sigismund Bell
* Sukiennice
* Basilica of Saint Mary
* Veit Stoss altarpiece
* Saints Peter and Paul Church
* Collegium Maius

Museums|

* Wawel Castle
* Historical Museum of Kraków
* Manggha
* Museum of Insurances
* Archaeological Museum of Kraków
* Archdiocesal Museum in Kraków
* Museum of Independence Movement
* Museum of the Armed Act
* Ethnographic Museum of Kraków
* Geomogical museum
* Museum of the History of Photography
* Museum of Municipal Engineering
* John Paul II Cathedral Museum
* National Museum, Kraków
* Czartoryski Museum
* Jan Matejko Manor House
* Sukiennice Museum
* Polish Aviation Museum
* Armia Krajowa Museum
* Museum of Contemporary Art
* Galicia Jewish Museum

History|

* Timeline
* Jewish
* Kraków Ghetto
* Judaica Foundation

* v
* t
* e

Years in Poland (1989–present)

* Pre-1989
* 1989
* 1990
* 1991
* 1992
* 1993
* 1994
* 1995
* 1996
* 1997
* 1998
* 1999
* 2000
* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009

* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* 2024
* 2025

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