Timeline of Lubumbashi

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

## 20th century

[edit]

Part of a series on the

History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
|  Early history|  pre-1876

|

Kingdom of Kongo|  1390-1914
Kingdom of Luba|  1585-1889
Kingdom of Lunda|  1600-1887
Kuba Kingdom|  1625-1884
Kingdom of Chokwe|  1800-1891
Yeke Kingdom|  1856-1891
|  Colonization|  1876-1960

|

Intl. African Association|  1876-1879
Intl. Congo Society|  1879-1885
Congo Free State (Atrocities)|  1885-1908
Belgian Congo|  1908-1960
World War II|  1940-1945
|  Independence|  post-1960

|

Congo Crisis|  1960-1965
Congo–Léopoldville|  1960-1971
Zaire (Shaba I / II)|  1971-1997
First Congo War|  1996-1997
Second Congo War|  1998-2003
Joseph Kabila presidency|  2001-2019
Félix Tshisekedi presidency|  2019-present
See also: Years
DRC Portal

* v
* t
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### 1900s-1950s

[edit]

* 1909
* 1 September: Elisabethville site designated seat of Katanga province; named after Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Belgium.[1]
* 27 September: Sakania-Elisabethville railway [fr] begins operating.[1]
* 1910
* Union Minière du Haut Katanga (mining entity) active.
* Hôpital Gécamines Sud [fr] (hospital) and Catholic Apostolic Prefecture of Katanga[2] established.
* Population: 360.[3]
* Émile Wangermée becomes vice governor-general of Katanga.[1]
* 1910s - "Governor's Residence and Imara and Twendelee schools" built.[1]
* 1911
* Journal du Katanga newspaper begins publication.[4]
* Population: 1,000.[3]
* Etoile mining begins near Elisabethville.[citation needed]
* Catholic schools Institut Marie-José and Collège Saint-François de Sales established.(fr)
* 1912
* Racially segregated "native city" established per ordinance.[1]
* Elisabethville becomes seat of Upper Luapula district.[1]
* 1918 - Bukama-Elisabethville railway [fr] begins operating.
* 1919
* Population: 8,000 (approximate).[3]
* Ruashi mining begins in vicinity of Elisabethville.[citation needed]
* 1920
* "Management of the Union Minière was transferred from the British to the Belgians."[3]
* Catholic Sts. Peter and Paul Cathedral built.[chronology citation needed]
* 1920s - "Makutano Club, Jerusalem United Methodist Church, and the Jewish synagogue" built.[1]
* 1921 - Development of Albert I township begins.[1]
* 1928
* Port-Francqui-Elisabethville railway [fr] begins operating.
* L'Essor du Congo newspaper begins publication.[4]
* 1930s- "Courthouse and Mazembe stadium" built.[1]
* 1931 - L'Écho du Katanga newspaper begins publication.[4]
* 1932 - Wallace Memorial Church built.[5]
* 1937 - Musée d'Élisabethville [fr] (museum) founded.
* 1939 - Football clubs FC Saint-Éloi Lupopo and FC Saint-Georges formed.
* 1941
* Elisabethville attains city status.[1]
* Development of Kenya township begins.[1]
* 1944 - Premiere of Joseph Kiwele's Cantate à la gloire de la Belgique.[6]
* 1945 - Union Africaine des Arts et Lettres founded.[1]
* 1946 - Académie d'Art Populaire d'Elisabethville founded.[7][2]
* 1949 - Athénée royal built.[8]
* 1950 - Development of Katuba township begins.[1]
* 1950s - "Post office,...CSK headquarters, the theater, St. Mary's Basilica, and the railway headquarters" built.[1]
* 1951 - Académie des Beaux-Arts d'Elisabethville founded.[3]
* 1954
* Development of Ruashi township begins.[1]
* City seal in use.[1]
* 1956 - Université officielle du Congo et du Rwanda-Urundi opens.[4]
* 1957
* City "divided into 5 communes, one for Europeans and 4 for Africans."[1]
* December: Local election [fr] held.[9]
* 1959
* Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Elisabethville established.[2]
* Population: 183,711 (estimate).[10]

### 1960s-1990s

[edit]

* 1960
* June: City becomes part of independent Republic of the Congo.
* July: City becomes capital of breakaway State of Katanga during the Congo Crisis.
* Boniface Mwepu Katentakanya [fr] becomes bourgmestre (mayor).
* 1960s - "Gecamines tower and the 2 hospitals" built.[1]
* 1961 - 15 September: Airport bombed by Katangese Air Force.
* 1963 - Mjumbe [ln] newspaper begins publication.[11]
* 1964 - Stade Albert (stadium) opens.
* 1966 - City becomes capital of Katanga Province.
* 1967
* La Générale des Carrières et des Mines (mining entity) headquartered in city.[11]
* Centre Culturel Français [fr] opens.
* 1970
* Elisabethville renamed "Lubumbashi."[1][chronology citation needed]
* Musée national de Lubumbashi [fr] (museum) active.
* 1970s - "Hotel Karavia and Mobutu Stadium" built.[1]
* 1971 - City becomes part of Shaba Province in the Republic of Zaire.
* 1972
* Kampemba commune created.[citation needed]
* University's Centre d'études des littératures romanes d'inspiration africaine active.[4][5]
* 1974 - Société nationale des Chemins de fer du Congo (national railway) headquartered in Lubumbashi.[11]
* 1975 - Population: 480,875 (estimate).[12]
* 1977 - Annexe (commune) [fr] created.[1][chronology citation needed]
* 1981 - University of Lubumbashi active.
* 1984 - Population: 543,268.[11]
* 1990 - May: Student demonstration at University of Lubumbashi; crackdown.[11]
* 1994 - Population: 851,381 (estimate).[13]
* 1997
* April: Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo take city during the First Congo War.[11]
* Floribert Kaseba Makunko becomes mayor.
* May: City becomes part of Democratic Republic of the Congo.

## 21st century

[edit]

* 2007 - Moïse Katumbi becomes governor of Katanga Province.
* 2008 - Marie-Grégoire Tambila [fr] becomes mayor.
* 2010
* Jean Oscar Sanguza Mutunda [fr] becomes mayor.
* Congo Express airline (Kinshasa-Lubumbashi) begins operating.
* Centennial of founding of city.
* 2011
* February: Airport attacked by secessionist Tigers.[14]
* June: Unrest.[14]
* 7 September: Prison break; escapees include warlord Gédéon Kyungu.[15][16]
* Stade TP Mazembe (stadium) opens in Kamalondo.
* 2013 - March: Secessionist Mai-Mai Kata Katanga unrest.[17]
* 2014 - January: Mai-Mai Kata Katanga unrest.[18]
* 2015
* City becomes capital of the newly formed Haut-Katanga Province.
* Population: 2,015,502 (estimate).[13]
* 2016 - December: Political protest.[19]

## See also

[edit]

* Lubumbashi#History
* List of mayors of Lubumbashi [fr]
* List of cities in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Timeline of Bukavu
* Timeline of Goma
* Timeline of Kinshasa
* Timeline of Kisangani

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Bilonda 2005.
2. ^ a b "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Democratic Republic of the Congo". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
3. ^ a b c d Zeleza 2003.
4. ^ a b c d Mukala Kadima Nzuji [in French] (1984). La littérature zaïroise de langue française: 1945-1965 (in French). Paris: Éditions Karthala. ISBN 978-2-86537-100-6.
5. ^ Mpala-Lutebele 2013.
6. ^ "Democratic Republic of the Congo", Oxford Music Online Retrieved 7 October 2017
7. ^ Ilona Szombati-Fabian; Johannes Fabian (1976). "Art, history, and society: Popular painting in Shaba, Zaire". Studies in Visual Communication. 3 (1). ISSN 0276-6558.
8. ^ Ugo Carughi; Massimo Visone, eds. (2017). "Africa: Democratic Republic of the Congo". Time Frames: Conservation Policies for Twentieth-Century Architectural Heritage. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-98035-7.
9. ^ Rubbens, A. (1958). "Belgian Congo". Civilisations. 8 (2). Institut de Sociologie de l'Université de Bruxelles: 335–340. JSTOR 41230355.
10. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161. "Elizabethville"
11. ^ a b c d e f "Democratic Republic of the Congo". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1857431834.
12. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office. "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1980. New York. pp. 225–252.
13. ^ a b Emizet Francois Kisangani (2016). Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (4th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781442273160.
14. ^ a b "Deadly gunfight in DR Congo mining capital Lubumbashi", BBC News, 29 June 2011
15. ^ Nearly 1,000 escape in Congo jailbreak, Reuters, 7 September 2011
16. ^ "Democratic Republic of Congo Profile: Timeline". BBC News. 4 May 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
17. ^ "DR Congo forces clash with militia in Lubumbashi", BBC News, 23 March 2013
18. ^ "DR Congo's Lubumbashi hit by fighting", BBC News, 7 January 2014
19. ^ "'20 dead' in DRC protests after president's term expires", Guardian, UK, 20 December 2016

## Bibliography

[edit]

### in English

[edit]

* Bruce Fetter (1974). "African associations in Elisabethville, 1910-1935". Études d'Histoire Africaine (6). ISSN 0071-1993.
* Bruce Fetter (1976). The Creation of Elisabethville, 1910-1940. Hoover Institution Press, Stanford University. ISBN 978-0-8179-6551-8.
* André Yav (1990). Johannes Fabian (ed.). History from Below: The Vocabulary of Elisabethville by André Yav: Text, Translations and Interpretive Essay. John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN 978-90-272-7825-8.
* Peter C Alegi (1999). "Katanga vs Johannesburg: a history of the first sub-Saharan African football championship, 1949–50". Kleio. 31: 55–74. doi:10.1080/00232089985310041.
* Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415234795.
* Michel Lwamba Bilonda (2005). "Lubumbashi". In Kevin Shillington (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
* Johan Lagae (2016) [2010]. "From 'Patrimoine Partage' to 'Whose Heritage'?: critical reflections on colonial built heritage in the city of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo". In T. Fenster; H. Yacobi (eds.). Remembering, forgetting and city builders. Routledge. ISBN 978-1315605227.
* Sofie Boonen; et al. (2015). "A city constructed by 'des gens d'ailleurs': urban development and migration policies in colonial Lubumbashi, 1910-1930". Comparativ. 15 (4). ISSN 0940-3566.
* Sofie Boonen; Johan Lagae (2015). "Scenes from a changing colonial 'Far West': picturing the early urban landscape and colonial society of cosmopolitan Lubumbashi, 1910-1931". Stichproben: Wiener Zeitschrift für Kritische Afrikastudien (28). ISSN 1992-8629.
* Johan Lagae; et al. (2016). "M(g)r. De Hemptin(n)e, I Presume? Transforming Local Memory Through Toponymy in Colonial/Post-Colonial Lubumbashi, DR Congo". In L. Bigon (ed.). Place Names in Africa: Colonial Urban Legacies, Entangled Histories. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-32485-2.

### in French

[edit]

See also: Lubumbashi bibliography (in French)

* Noël van Malleghem (1950). "L'urbanisation d'Elisabethville". L'urbanisme au Congo Belge (in French). Brussels: Ministère des Colonies.
* A. Chapelier (1957), Elisabethville: essai de Géographie urbaine (in French), Brussels: Académie royale des sciences coloniales
* Jean-Claude Bruneau [in French]; M. Mbuyu (1983). "Passe, present et avenir possible de l'urbanisme a Lubumbashi". Zaïre-Afrique  (in French). ISSN 0049-8513.
* Jean-Claude Bruneau; M.-T. Lootens-De-Muynck (1985). "Dynamique démographique des quartiers de Lubumbashi des origines à nos jours". Cahiers d'Outre-Mer (in French). 38 - via Persee.fr.
* Jean-Claude Bruneau; Marc Pain (1990). Atlas de Lubumbashi (in French). Paris. ISBN 978-2950490100.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Lubumbashi, capitale minière du Katanga, 1910-2010 (in French). Éditions Lieux Dits. 2008. ISBN 9782914528535.
* Maëline Le Lay and Christian Kunda (2009). "Théâtre au Katanga: aperçu historique". Études Littéraires Africaines (in French) (27): 18. doi:10.7202/1034302ar. ISSN 0769-4563 - via Erudit.org.
* Bogumil Jewsiewicki; et al., eds. (2010). Lubumbashi, 1910-2010: mémoire d'une ville industrielle (in French and Swahili). Paris: Harmattan. ISBN 978-2296096608.
* Maurice Amuri Mpala-Lutebele (2013). Lubumbashi, cent ans d'histoire (in French). L'Harmattan. ISBN 9782343013992.

## External links

[edit]

* "(Lubumbashi)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
* "(Elisabethville-Lubumbashi)". Mukanda: ressources documentaires sur l'Afrique centrale (in French). France: University of Lorraine. (Bibliography)
* "(Lubumbashi)" - via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
* "(Lubumbashi)" - via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
* "(Lubumbashi)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
* "(Lubumbashi)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. 2016-09-29. (Bibliography)
* "(Lubumbashi)". Contemporary History Library Catalogue. Belgium: Royal Museum for Central Africa. (Bibliography) (see also "Elisabethville")

## Images

[edit]

* Union Minière du Haut Katanga mining facility at Elisabethville, 1917

* Baluba refugee camp near Elisabethville, 1962, during Congo Crisis

* Map of central Lubumbashi, 1978

* OpenStreetMap activity in Lubumbashi, 2014

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Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo

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