Timeline of Peshawar

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The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

## Prior to 19th century

[edit]

Part of a series on the

History of Pakistan
Arms of Pakistan
Timeline

Ancient

* Palaeolithic
* Soanian culture, c. 500,000 – 250,000 BCE
* Neolithic
* Mehrgarh, c. 7000 – c. 3000 BCE
* Indus Valley Civilisation, c. 3300 – c. 1700 BCE
* Vedic Civilization, c. 1500 – c. 500 BCE
* Achaemenid Empire, c. 550 – c. 330 BCE
* Gedrosia, c. 542 – c. 330 BCE
* Gandhara, c. 518 – c. 330 BCE
* Arachosia, c. 518 – c. 330 BCE
* Hindush, c. 517 – c. 330 BCE
* Sattagydia, c. 516 – c. 330 BCE
* Ror dynasty, c. 489 – c. 450 BCE
* Macedonian Empire, c. 329 – c. 323 BCE
* Arachosia, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE
* Gedrosia, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE
* Paropamisadae, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE
* Porus, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE
* Taxiles, c. 323 – c. 312 BCE
* Mauryan Empire, c. 322 – c. 200 BCE
* Seleucid Empire, c. 312 – c. 63 BCE
* Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, c. 190 – c. 140 BCE
* Indo-Greek Kingdom, c. 170 – c. 50 BCE
* Indo-Scythian Kingdom, c. 110 BCE – c. 95 CE
* Apracharajas, c. 25 BCE – c. 50 CE
* Paratarajas, c. 120 – c. 300 CE

Classical

* Parthian Empire, c. 90 BCE – c. 25 CE
* Indo-Parthian Kingdom, c. 25 – c. 80 CE
* Kushan Empire, c. 60 – 345 CE
* Sasanian Empire, c. 250 – 655 CE
* Indo-Sasanians, c. 240 – 410 CE
* Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom, c. 240 – 410 CE
* Gupta Empire, c. 345 – c. 455 CE
* Rai dynasty, c. 415 – 644 CE
* Hephthalite Empire, c. 450 – 560 CE
* Brahman dynasty, c. 641 – 725 CE

Medieval

* Caliphate, c. 643 – 860 CE
* Rashidun Caliphate, c. 643 – 661 CE
* Umayyad Caliphate, c. 670 – 860 CE
* Pala Empire, c. 770 – 850 CE
* Habbari dynasty, c. 841 – 1024 CE
* Hindu Shahi, c. 870 – 1010 CE
* Samanid Empire, c. 905 – 999 CE
* Ghaznavids, c. 999 – 1186 CE
* Soomra dynasty, c. 1024 – 1351 CE
* Ghurid dynasty, c. 1170 – 1215 CE
* Delhi Sultanate, c. 1206 – c. 1526 CE
* Mamluk dynasty, c. 1206 – c. 1290 CE
* Khalji dynasty, c. 1290 – c. 1320 CE
* Tugluq dynasty, c. 1320 – c. 1413 CE
* Sayyid dynasty, c. 1414 – c. 1451 CE
* Lodhi dynasty, c. 1451 – c. 1526 CE
* Mongol Empire, c. 1221 – c. 1327 CE
* Chagatai Khanate, c. 1225 – c. 1485 CE
* Ilkhanate, c. 1256 – c. 1353 CE
* Raees dynasty, c. 1320 – 1620 CE
* Katoor dynasty, c. 1570 – c. 1947 CE
* Samma dynasty, c. 1351 – c. 1524 CE
* Arghun dynasty, c. 1520 – c. 1554 CE
* Mughal Empire, c. 1526 – c. 1707 CE
* Bombay Presidency, c. 1618 – c. 1947 CE
* Suri dynasty, c. 1540 – c. 1556 CE
* Tarkhan dynasty, c. 1554 – 1591 CE

Early modern

* Durrani Empire, c. 1747 – c. 1826 CE
* Las Bela, c. 1802 – c. 1947 CE
* Misl, c. 1716 – c. 1799 CE
* Maratha Empire, c. 1758 – c. 1760 CE
* Sikh Empire, c. 1799 – c. 1849 CE
* British Raj, c. 1858 – c. 1947 CE
* Independence Movement

Modern

* Pakistan, c. 1947 CE – present
* Dominion of Pakistan, c. 1947 – 1956 CE
* Republican Pakistan, c. 1956 CE – present

History of provinces

* Azad Kashmir
* Balochistan
* East Pakistan
* Gilgit-Baltistan
* Islamabad Capital Territory
* Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
* Punjab
* Sindh

* Category
* Portal

* v
* t
* e

* 127 CE - Purushapura becomes eastern capital of Buddhist kingdom Gandhara (approximate date).
* 978 CE - Sabaktagin defeats Jayapala.[1]
* 1001 - 27 November: Battle of Peshawar; Mahmud of Ghazni in power.
* 1006 - Mahmud of Ghazni defeats Anandapala.[2][3]
* 1180 - Mu'izz-Ud-Din Muhammad Ibn Sam in power.[2]
* 1630 - Mohabbat Khan Mosque built.
* 1758 - 8 May: Battle of Peshawar; Marathas in power.

## 19th century

[edit]

* 1809 - Mountstuart Elphinstone arrives as ambassador to Shah Shujah.[3]
* 1810 - Wazir Bagh (garden) laid out.[citation needed]
* 1825 - Sikh Ranjit Singh in power.[4]
* 1834
* Hari Singh Nalwa in power.
* Bala Hissar (fort) rebuilt.[5]
* 1838 - Italian Paolo Avitabile in power.[6][3]
* 1849
* British in power.[7][3]
* Gorak Nath Temple built.[8]
* 1850s - Grand Trunk Road Lahore-Peshawar extension constructed (approximate date).[9]
* 1851 - Peshawar cemetery established.[10]
* 1860 - Flood.[11]
* 1867 - Municipality constituted.[12]
* 1868
* British Peshawar Cantonment laid out near city.
* Population: 56,589 (city); 58,555 (municipality).[11]
* 1881 - Population: 79,982.[13]
* 1882 - Sethi Mohallah residence built.[14]
* 1883 - All Saints Church opens in cantonment.[5]
* 1891 - Population: 54,191.[12]
* 1900
* Cunningham clock tower built.[10]
* Edwardes College established.[10]

## 20th century

[edit]

* 1901
* City becomes capital of the North-West Frontier Province.[12]
* Population: 95,147.[3]
* 1906 - Victoria Hall built.
* 1907 - Peshawar Museum founded.
* 1909 - Ancient Buddhist Kanishka casket discovered by archaeologists in Shah-ji-Dheri near city.
* 1913 - Islamia College established.[15]
* 1922 - Kapoor Haveli (residence) built.
* 1925 - Khaiber railway built.[16]
* 1930
* 23 April: Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre.
* Novelty cinema opens.[17]
* 1932 - Khyber Mail newspaper begins publication.[18]
* 1934 - Landsdowne cinema opens.[17]
* 1936 - Radio station begins broadcasting.[19]
* 1939 - Al Falah newspaper begins publication.[20]
* 1941
* Al-Jamiat-e-Sarhad newspaper begins publication.[20]
* Population: 130,967.[7]

### Independence: since 1947

[edit]

* 1947 - City becomes part of the Dominion of Pakistan.
* 1948 - City becomes capital of the Peshawar province.[2]
* 1949 - Frontier Corps military reserve headquartered in Bala Hissar (fort).[10]
* 1950
* University of Peshawar established.
* Shahab-e-saqib and Qallandar Urdu-language newspapers begin publication.[20]
* 1951 - Population: 151,776.[21]
* 1954 - Khyber Medical College established.
* 1955
* City becomes part of West Pakistan.[2]
* The Statesman English-language newspaper begins publication.[20]
* Abasin Arts Society established.
* 1956 - City becomes part of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
* 1958 - Amal newspaper begins publication.[20]
* 1964 - Peshawar Press Club founded.
* 1965 - Bacha Khan International Airport in operation.
* 1972 - Population: 268,366.[22]
* 1975
* Qayyum Stadium opens.
* Hayatabad suburb established.[23]
* 1976 - Wahdat Pashto-language newspaper begins publication.
* 1977 - Shahādat newspaper begins publication.[18]
* 1980 - May: Explosion at Jamiat Islami Afghanistan headquarters.[24]
* 1981
* Population: 555,000.[2]
* Kacha Garhi refugee camp established near city.[23]
* 1982
* Jalozai Afghan refugee camp in operation.[23]
* Afghan Islamic Press news agency established.
* 1984 - Mujāhid Wulas newspaper begins publication.[18]
* 1985
* Karkhano Market and Nishtar Hall[25] established.
* The Frontier Post (English-language) newspaper begins publication.[20]
* 1987 - Frontier Times in publication (approximate date).[18]
* 1994 - Bus hijacking.
* 1995 - Bombing.
* 1996 - Qalb-e-Asia Cultural Centre established.[23]
* 1998 - Population: 982,816.[26]

## 21st century

[edit]

* 2004 - Peshawar Panthers cricket team formed.
* 2007 - 15 May: suicide Hotel bombing.
* 2008 - 6 September and 5 December: Bombings.[27]
* 2009
* 5 March: Bombing at Rahman Baba shrine.[28]
* 9 June: Pearl Continental hotel bombing.
* 9 October: Bombing in Khyber Bazaar.
* 28 October: Bombing in Mina Bazar.
* 19 November: Judicial complex bombing.
* 2010
* 5 April: attack on the United States consulate.
* 19 April: Bombing in Qissa Khwani Bazaar.[29]
* July - August: Flood.
* Air pollution in Peshawar reaches annual mean of 111 PM2.5 and 540 PM10, much higher than recommended.[30]
* 2011
* PIA Planetarium inaugurated.
* Saeed Book Bank closes.[31]
* 9 March: Suicide bombing.
* 10 May: Car bombing kills a journalist.
* 12 June: Double bombing in Khyber market area.
* 2012 - 15 December: Bacha Khan International Airport attack.
* 2013
* 21 June: Suicide bombing at Shia mosque in Gulshan Colony.
* 22 September: Double suicide bombing at a church.
* 29 September: Bombing at Qissa Khwani Bazaar.
* 2014
* 2 and 11 February: Cinema bombings.
* 16 December: School massacre.
* 2015 - 13 February: Mosque attack.
* 2016 - 16 March: Bus bombing.
* 2017
* Population: 1,970,042.[32]
* 15 February: Hayatabad bombing.
* 8 May: Bombings.
* Dengue outbreak.
* 24 November: Police vehicle attack.
* 1 December: Agricultural Directorate attack.
* 2018 - 10 July : Bombing.
* 2020 - 27 October: School boombing.
* 2022 - 4 March: Mosque attack.

## See also

[edit]

* History of Peshawar
* Timelines of other cities in Pakistan: Karachi, Lahore
* Urbanisation in Pakistan

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Balfour 1885.
2. ^ a b c d e Davies 2007.
3. ^ a b c d e Britannica 1910.
4. ^ Jocquim Hayward Stocqueler (1848), Oriental Interpreter and Treasury of East India Knowledge, London: C. Cox, OCLC 3145677, OL 13521975M
5. ^ a b "Peshawar". Pakistan. Lonely Planet. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
6. ^ Ross 1883.
7. ^ a b Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, OL 6112221M
8. ^ "Life and times of Peshawar's Kaka Ram". Qissa Khwani. 21 June 2012. "Originally published by The News on Sunday, 17 June 2012"
9. ^ Mill, John Stuart (1858), Memorandum of the Improvements in the Administration of India During the Last Thirty Years: And the Petition of the East-India Company to Parliament, East India Company
10. ^ a b c d Directorate of Information Technology, Web Portal Management Cell. "About Us: Town & Places". Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Official Gateway to Government. Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
11. ^ a b Gazetteer 1883.
12. ^ a b c Gazetteer of India 1908.
13. ^ Thornton 1886.
14. ^ "Forgotten in the 'lost-and-found' of our heritage". Daily Times. 6 May 2006.
15. ^ Schellinger 1996.
16. ^ Encyclopaedia of Islam 1927.
17. ^ a b "Curtain going down on cinema culture in Peshawar". Daily Times. Pakistan. 2 February 2009.
18. ^ a b c d "Peshawar (Pakistan) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved 17 August 2013.
19. ^ "Bollywood's Shah Rukh Khan, Dilip Kumar and the Peshawar club". BBC News. 28 November 2012.
20. ^ a b c d e f "Pakistan". Far East and Australasia 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2002. p. 1160+. ISBN 9781857431339.
21. ^ "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1955. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations.
22. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
23. ^ a b c d Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (2006), Afghans in Peshawar: Migration, settlements and social networks, Case Study Series, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
24. ^ "Peshawar a hot-bed of spies and plotters". New Sunday Times. Malaysia. 2 November 1980.
25. ^ "Nishtar Hall to host musical concert today after five years". Daily Times. Lahore. May 27, 2008.
26. ^ "Population of Capital Cities and Cities of 100,000 or More Inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2011. United Nations Statistics Division. 2012.
27. ^ Farhan Janjua (5 December 2008). "Pakistan: Deadly Bomb Blast in Peshawar". Global Voices.
28. ^ "Taliban attack the tomb of Rahman Baba in Peshawar". Let Us Build Pakistan. 8 March 2009.
29. ^ "Bomb blast hits Pakistan protest". Al Jazeera English. 19 April 2010.
30. ^ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on March 28, 2014`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
31. ^ "Closure: Final page turns on Saeed Book Bank Peshawar". Express Tribune. Karachi. 24 February 2011.
32. ^ "Table 8 - Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants", Demographic Yearbook – 2018, United Nations

## Bibliography

[edit]

The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this section, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new section, as appropriate. (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

Published in 19th century

* Edward Thornton (1844), "Peshawer", Gazetteer of the Countries Adjacent to India on the Northwest, London: W.H. Allen, hdl:2027/nyp.33433000638944, OCLC 6141828
* E.G.G. Hastings (1878), Report on the Settlement of the Peshawar District of the Punjab, Lahore`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* "Towns, Municipalities, and Cantonments". Gazetteer of the Peshawar District. 1883. p. 287+. OCLC 663560992.
* David Ross (1883), "Peshawar", Land of the Five Rivers and Sindh: Sketches Historical and Descriptive, London: Chapman and Hall
* Edward Balfour (1885), "Peshawur", Cyclopaedia of India (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch
* Edward Thornton (1886), "Peshawar", in Roper Lethbridge and Arthur N. Wollaston (ed.), Gazetteer of the Territories under the Government of the Viceroy of India, London: W. H. Allen & Co., OCLC 710600

Published in 20th century

* The Punjab, its Feudatories, and the North-West Frontier Province. Census of India, 1901. Vol. 17, Part 2. Simla. 1902.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) Part 1
* "Peshawar City", Imperial Gazetteer of India (New ed.), Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1908
* "Peshawar" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 282–283.
* "Peshawar", Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon (8th ed.), London: J. Murray, 1911
* "Peshawar". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 1927. p. 1066\. ISBN 9789004097926. OCLC 39715711. `{{cite book}}`: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
* Peshawar District Gazetteer, Lahore, 1933`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Ahmad Hasan Dani (1969). Peshawar, Historic City of the Frontier. Peshawar. OCLC 556485417.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996). "Peshawar". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania. UK: Routledge. p. 669+. ISBN 9781884964046.

Published in 21st century

* Maneesha Tikekar (2004), "Peshawar", Across the Wagah: an Indian's sojourn in Pakistan, New Delhi: Promilla & Co. in association with Bibliophile South Asia, New Jersey, ISBN 8185002347
* C.C. Davies; C.E. Bosworth (2007). "Peshawar". In C. E. Bosworth (ed.). Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. p. 426+. ISBN 9789004153882.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Peshawar.

34°01′00″N 71°35′00″E﻿ / ﻿34.016667°N 71.583333°E﻿ / 34.016667; 71.583333

* v
* t
* e

Peshawar related topics

History|

* Timeline
* Gandhara
* Maurya Empire
* Indo-Greek Kingdom
* Kushan Empire
* Grand Trunk Road
* Mughal Empire
* Ahmed Shah Durrani
* British Raj
* North-West Frontier Province
* Khudai Khidmatgar
* Pakistan Movement
* Abdul Ghaffar Khan
* Soviet–Afghan War

City|

* Mayors of Peshawar
* City District Government
* Towns
* Nazim
* Peshawar District

Education|

* Edwardes College
* Government College Peshawar
* Islamia College University
* Jinnah College for Women
* Khyber Medical College
* Khyber Medical University
* Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Judicial Academy
* Post Graduate Medical Institute Peshawar
* University of Agriculture
* University of Peshawar
* University of Engineering & Technology

Transport|

* Bacha Khan International Airport
* Grand Trunk Road
* Khyber Pass
* TransPeshawar
* Peshawar Circular Railway
* Peshawar Ring Road
* Peshawar City station
* Peshawar Cantonment station
* Peshawar-Islamabad Motorway
* Peshawar-Torkham Expressway

Economy
and culture|

* Afghan refugees
* American Market
* Peshawari chappal
* Peshawari turban
* Naswar
* Qissa Khwani Bazaar

Sports|

* Arbab Niaz Stadium
* Qayyum Stadium
* Hayatabad Sports Complex
* Pakistan Tennis Club Peshawar
* Tehmas Khan Football Stadium
* Peshawar Gymkhana Ground
* Peshawar Golf Club

Other topics|

* List of Universities in Peshawar
* List of people from Peshawar
* List of cities in Pakistan by population
* List of educational institutions in Peshawar

* v
* t
* e

Years in Pakistan (since 1947)

20th century|

* 1947
* 1948
* 1949
* 1950
* 1951
* 1952
* 1953
* 1954
* 1955
* 1956
* 1957
* 1958
* 1959
* 1960
* 1961
* 1962
* 1963
* 1964
* 1965
* 1966
* 1967
* 1968
* 1969
* 1970
* 1971
* 1972
* 1973
* 1974
* 1975
* 1976
* 1977
* 1978
* 1979
* 1980
* 1981
* 1982
* 1983
* 1984
* 1985
* 1986
* 1987
* 1988
* 1989
* 1990
* 1991
* 1992
* 1993
* 1994
* 1995
* 1996
* 1997
* 1998
* 1999
* 2000

21st century|

* 2001
* 2002
* 2003
* 2004
* 2005
* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009
* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* 2024
* 2025

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