Timeline of Qom

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Qom, Iran.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

## Prior to 20th century[edit]

Part of a series on the

History of Iran

Ancient period

| |  BC

|

Prehistory of Iran|  Ancient Times–4000
Kura–Araxes culture|  3400–2000
Proto-Elamite|  3200–2700
Jiroft culture|  c. 3100–2200
Lullubi Kingdom/Zamua|  c. 3100-675
Elam|  2700–539
Marhaši|  c. 2550-2020
Oxus Civilization|  c. 2400–1700
Akkadian Empire|  2400–2150
Kassites|  c. 1500 –1155
Neo-Assyrian Empire|  911–609
Urartu|  860–590
Mannaea|  850–616
Zikirti|  750-521
Saparda|  720-670

Imperial period

|  Median Empire|  678–550 BC

|

Scythian Kingdom|  652–625 BC
Anshanite Kingdom|  635 BC–550 BC
Neo-Babylonian Empire|  626 BC–539 BC
Sogdia|  c. 6th century BC–11th century AD
Achaemenid Empire|  550 BC–330 BC
Kingdom of Armenia|  331 BC–428 AD
Atropatene|  c. 323 BC–226 AD
Kingdom of Cappadocia|  320s BC–17 AD
Seleucid Empire|  312 BC–63 BC
Kingdom of Pontus|  281 BC–62 BC
Fratarakas|  3rd-century BC–132 BC
Parthian Empire|  247 BC–224 AD
Elymais|  147 BC–224 AD
Characene|  141 BC–222 AD
Kings of Persis|  132 BC–224 AD
Indo-Parthian Kingdom|  19 AD–224/5
Paratarajas|  125–300
Sasanian Empire|  224–651
Zarmihrids|  6th century–785
Qarinvandids|  550s–11th century

Medieval period

|  Rashidun Caliphate|  632-661

|

Umayyad Caliphate|  661–750
Abbasid Caliphate|  750–1258
Dabuyids|  642–760
Bavandids|  651–1349
Masmughans of Damavand|  651–760
Baduspanids|  665–1598
Justanids|  791 – 11th century
Alid dynasties|  864 – 14th century
Tahirid dynasty|  821–873
Samanid Empire|  819–999
Saffarid dynasty|  861–1003
Ghurid dynasty|  pre-879 – 1215
Sajid dynasty|  889–929
Sallarid dynasty|  919–1062
Ziyarid dynasty|  930–1090
Ilyasids|  932–968
Buyid dynasty|  934–1062
Rawadid dynasty|  955–1070
Hasanwayhids|  959–1095
Ghaznavid dynasty|  977–1186
Annazids|  990/1–1117
Kakuyids|  1008–1141
Nasrid dynasty|  1029–1236
Shabankara|  1030–1355
Seljuk Empire|  1037–1194
Khwarazmian dynasty|  1077–1231
Eldiguzids|  1135–1225
Atabegs of Yazd|  1141–1319
Salghurids|  1148–1282
Hazaraspids|  1155–1424
Pishkinid dynasty|  1155–1231
Khorshidi dynasty|  1184-1597
Qutlugh-Khanids|  1223-1306
Mihrabanids|  1236–1537
Kurt dynasty|  1244–1396
Ilkhanate Empire|  1256–1335
Chobanid dynasty|  1335–1357
Muzaffarid dynasty|  1335–1393
Jalayirid Sultanate|  1337–1376
Sarbadars|  1337–1376
Injuids|  1335–1357
Afrasiyab dynasty|  1349–1504
Mar'ashis|  1359–1596
Timurid Empire|  1370–1507
Kar-Kiya dynasty|  1370s–1592
Qara Qoyunlu|  1406–1468
Aq Qoyunlu|  1468–1508

Early modern period

|  Safavid Iran|  1501–1736

|

(Hotak dynasty)|  1722–1729
Afsharid Iran|  1736–1796
Zand dynasty|  1751–1794

Modern period

|  Qajar Iran|  1789–1925

|

Pahlavi Iran|  1925–1979

Contemporary period

|  Iranian Revolution|  1979

|

Interim Government|  1979
Islamic Republic|  1979–present

Related articles

* Name
* Monarchs
* Heads of state
* Economic history
* LGBT history
* Military history
* Women's history
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Timeline
Iran portal

* v
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* 685 - Arab Shia refugees settle in Qom.[1]
* 804/805 - Qom gains "administrative independence from Isfahan."[2]
* 816 - Death of Fātimah bint Mūsā (sister of 8th Imam of Twelver Shia faith); shrine develops thereafter.[1]
* 825 - Qom "attacked."[1]
* 988 - Hasan ibn Muhammad Qumi writes Tarikh-i Qum (city history).[3]
* 1050s - Hassan-i Sabbah born in Qom (approximate date).[4]
* 1224 - City besieged by Mongol forces.[2]
* 1393 - Timur in power.[5]
* 1442 - City becomes seat of government of Timurid monarch Sultan Muhammad bin Baysonqor.[2]
* 1447/1448 - City sacked by Qara Qoyunlu forces.[5]
* 1469 - Ağ Qoyunlu in power.[5]
* 1501 - Twelver Shia Islam declared official state religion in Iran, a development beneficial to Qom as a holy city (approximate date).[6]
* 1722 - Qom sacked by Afghans.[1]
* 1883 - "New court" built at the Fatima shrine.[2]

## 20th century[edit]

* 1920 - Population: 30,000-40,000 (approximate estimate).[7]
* 1922 - Qom Seminary (hawza) established.
* 1923 - Printing press in operation.[8]
* 1950 - Population: 83,235 (estimate).[9]
* 1960 - Population: 105,272 (estimate).[10]
* 1963
* Mar'ashi Najafi library established.[citation needed]
* Religious leader Khomeini arrested and exiled.[2]
* 1966 - Population: 134,292.[2]
* 1974 - Mohemmat Sazi Football Club formed.
* 1975 - "Riots involving 'Muslim Marxists.'"[2]
* 1976 - Population: 246,831.[9]
* 1978 - 7–9 January: Iranian Revolution against Pahlavis begins in Qom.[2]
* 1982 - Population: 424,000 (estimate).[11]
* 1996
* Center for the Revival of Islamic Heritage established.[8]
* Population: 777,677.[12]
* 1999 - February: Local election held.[13]

## 21st century[edit]

* 2008 - Yadegar-e Emam Stadium opens.
* 2009
* December: Funeral of religious leader Hussein-Ali Montazeri.
* Qom Monorail construction begins.
* 2011 - Population: 1,074,036.[14]
* 2013 - 14 June: Local election held.
* 2014 - City becomes part of newly formed national administrative Region 1.
* 2020 - 19 February: The first two cases of COVID-19 were detected in Iran.

## See also[edit]

* Qom history
* History of Qom [fa]
* Category:Monuments in Qom (in Persian)
* Timelines of other cities in Iran: Bandar Abbas, Hamadan, Isfahan, Kerman, Mashhad, Shiraz, Tabriz, Tehran, Yazd

## References[edit]

1. ^ a b c d Stanley 2008.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Calmard 1980.
3. ^ Drechsler 2005.
4. ^ Daftary, Farhad (2011). The Ismā'īlīs: their history and doctrines (2 ed.). Cambridge New York, NY: Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 311\. ISBN 9780521850841.
5. ^ a b c Drechsler 2009.
6. ^ Massumeh Farhad. "Qum". Oxford Art Online. Retrieved 13 February 2017
7. ^ "Persia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 - via HathiTrust. "Kom"
8. ^ a b J.T.P. de Bruijn, ed. (2008). General Introduction to Persian Literature. History of Persian Literature. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85773-650-5.
9. ^ a b Barthold 1984.
10. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161. "Ghom"
11. ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
12. ^ "Countries of the World: Iran". Statesman's Yearbook 2003. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. 2002. ISBN 978-0-333-98096-5.
13. ^ "Iran". Europa World Year Book. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
14. ^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016.

This article incorporates information from the Persian Wikipedia.

## Bibliography[edit]

### in English[edit]

* George Nathaniel Curzon (1892). "(Kum)". Persia and the Persian Question. Vol. 2\. London. pp. 6–12. hdl:2027/hvd.32044022702278.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Albert Houtum-Schindler (1897). "Province of Kom". Eastern Persian Irak. London: J. Murray and Royal Geographical Society. pp. 56+. hdl:2027/mdp.39015000658461.
* "Kum" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 945.
* C. A. Storey (1936). "History of Persia: Qum". Persian Literature: a Bio-Bibliographical Survey. Vol. 1\. London: Luzac & Company. OCLC 1312518.
* Laurence Lockhart (1960). Persian Cities. London. pp. 127–131. OCLC 1370385.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Jean Calmard (1980). "Kum". In C. Edmund Bosworth; et al. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 5 (2nd ed.). Brill. pp. 369–372. via Google Books
* W. Barthold (1984). "Isfahan, Kashan, and Qum". Historical Geography of Iran. Translated by Svat Soucek. Princeton University Press. pp. 178–179. ISBN 978-1-4008-5322-9.
* Ernst Hunziker (April 1994). "Qom: Holy City of the Mullahs". Swiss Review of World Affairs. Neue Zürcher Zeitung. ISSN 0039-7490.
* Noelle Watson, ed. (1996), "Qom", International Dictionary of Historic Places, Fitzroy Dearborn, pp. 600+, ISBN 9781884964039
* Andreas Drechsler (2005). "Tāriḵ-e Qom". Encyclopædia Iranica. (About city history written in 10th century)
* Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Qom", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, US: ABC-CLIO, pp. 301+, ISBN 9781576079195
* Andreas Drechsler (2009). "Qom: History to the Safavid Period". Encyclopædia Iranica. (Includes bibliography)
* Graeme Wood (2010), "Among the Mullahs", The Atlantic, US
* Aḥmad Monzawī; ʿAlī Naqī Monzawī (2012). "Bibliographies and Catalogues in Iran: Qom". Encyclopædia Iranica.

### in other languages[edit]

* António Baião (1923). Itinerarios da India a Portugal por terra (in Portuguese). Coimbra - via Digital Library of India.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (Includes information about Qom)
* Ḥasan ibn Muḥammad Qummī (1934). Jalāl al-Dīn Ṭihrānī (ed.). Tarikh-i Qumm (in Persian). Tehran. OCLC 54247737.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) (Written in 10th century in Arabic)
* Fredy Bemont (1969). Les Villes de l'Iran (in French). Paris. pp. 179–182. OCLC 489929494.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Hossein Modarressi Tabataba'i (1971), Qom dar qarn-e nohom-e hejri, 801-900 (in Persian), Qom, OCLC 21745342`{{citation}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Marcel Bazin (1973). "Qom, ville de pèlerinage et centre régional". Revue Géographique de l'Est (in French). 13 (1–2). ISSN 0035-3213 - via Persée.
* M. Tabataba’i. Turbat-i Pākān [Monuments and buildings of Qom], 2 vols (Qom, 1976)
* Andreas Drechsler (1999), Geschichte der Stadt Qom im Mittelalter (650-1350): politische und wirtschaftliche Aspekte, Islamkundliche Untersuchungen (in German), Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, ISBN 3879972761 - via Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt [de] Menadoc [de]
* Djamileh Zia (2011). "Qom, la plus ancienne ville chiite de l'Iran". La Revue de Téhéran (in French) (72).

## External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Qom.

* Houchang E. Chehabi (ed.). "Cities: Qom". Bibliographia Iranica. US: Iranian Studies Group at MIT. (Bibliography)
* Items related to Qom, various dates (via Qatar Digital Library)
* "(Qom)". Women's Worlds in Qajar Iran. Harvard University. "Primary-source materials related to the social and cultural history of women's worlds in Qajar Iran"
* "(Qom)", Asnad.org: Digital Persian Archive, Philipps-Universität Marburg, "Image Database of Persian Historical Documents from Iran and Central Asia up to the 20th Century"
* Items related to Qom, various dates (via Europeana)
* Items related to Qom, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America)

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Years in Iran

18th century

* 1796
* 1797
* 1798
* 1799
* 1800

19th century

* 1801
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20th century

* Pre-1901
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21st century

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