Timeline of San Juan, Puerto Rico

The following is a timeline of the history of the municipality of San Juan, Puerto Rico.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

## 16th–18th centuries

[edit]

History of Puerto Rico

* By year
* Spanish rule, 1493–1898
* U.S. rule, 1898–present
* Topics: Economic \- Military \- Political \- Social

Puerto Rico portal

* v
* t
* e

Porto Rico, 17th century[1]

* 1511 – August 8: First Catholic Diocese in the Americas established in San Juan.[2]
* 1513
* Construction of a wooden cathedral in the Islet of San Juan begins.[3]
* Escuela de gramática established by bishop Alonso Manso.[4]
* 1521
* August 15: Ciudad de San Juan Bautista de Puerto Rico officially founded by Spanish colonists after abandoning nearby Caparra.[5][6]
* Construction of Casa Blanca for the Ponce de León family begins.
* Platting and construction of several streets in Old San Juan including Plaza de Armas and Plaza de la Catedral.
* 1523 – Convento de Santo Tomas de Aquino founded.[7]
* 1524 – Nuestra Señora de la Concepción Hospital built.[7]
* 1526 – October 4: St. Francis Hurricane occurs.[5]
* 1528 – San José Church construction begins.[8][9]
* 1529 – October 18: Harbor attack by Caribs.[7]
* 1530
* August 5: Hurricane occurs.[5]
* Casa Blanca built.[7]
* 1533 – Construction of La Fortaleza begins by orders from King Charles I of Spain.[10]
* 1540 – La Fortaleza built.[7]
* 1542 – Cathedral of San Juan Bautista construction begins.[11]
* 1560 – City wall construction begins.[5]
* 1560s – San Antonio Bridge built across Condado Lagoon.[7]
* 1568
* September 7: Hurricane occurs.[5]
* Fortín San Antonio is built to protect the eastern entrance to the San Juan Islet.
* 1580 – San Juan becomes the capital of the Captaincy General of Puerto Rico.
* 1582 – Population: 850 (approximate estimate).[7]
* 1591 – Castillo San Felipe del Morro construction begins.[8]
* 1594 – Witch-hunt, the first of its kind in the Americas, occurs in what is now Puerta de Tierra by orders of bishop and inquisitor Don Nicolás Ramos.[12]
* 1595 – November 22: Battle of San Juan begins.[7][6]
* 1598 – June: San Juan taken by British forces; Boquerón battery sacked.[5][6]
* 1605 – Cabildo constructed in Plaza de San Juan.[8]
* 1615 – September 12: Hurricane occurs.[5]
* 1625 – September 24: Town besieged by Dutch forces.[7]
* 1651 – Monasterio del Señor San José de la Orden de nuestra Señora del Carmen founded by Doña Ana Lanzós.
* 1733 – Palacio Episcopal construction begins (approximate date).[11]
* 1750 – establishment of the first advance defense line on the eastern end of the San Juan Islet.
* 1756 – Church of Saint Francis of Assisi established by the Third Order of Franciscans.
* 1760 – Santurce founded as San Mateo de Cangrejos.[13]
* 1769 – San Gerónimo Powderhouse built.
* 1770 – Miraflores Powderhouse built.
* 1780 – Capilla del Santo Cristo de la Salud built.[11]
* 1783 – Castillo de San Cristóbal built.[6]
* 1787
* May 2: 1787 Boricua earthquake causes considerable damage to the city fortifications.[14][15]
* May 3: Fiesta de Cruz begins.[16]
* 1791 – Fortín de San Gerónimo is built.
* 1797 – April: San Juan besieged by British forces.[17][6]
* 1800 – construction of the Arsenal de San Juan begins.

## 19th century

[edit]

* 1806 – Gaceta de Puerto Rico newspaper begins publication.[18]
* 1810 – Construction of a Camino Real between San Juan and Río Piedras (today the Ponce de León Avenue).[12]
* 1813 – Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País en Puerto Rico founded.
* 1820 – Population: 7,658.[19]
* 1822 – Board of charity established.[20]
* 1823 – Sociedad Filarmónica (philharmonic society) formed.[21]
* 1832
* Church of San Mateo de Cangrejos of Santurce built.
* Real Audiencia de Puerto Rico [es] established.[11]
* Teatro Municipal (theatre) opens.
* 1840 – Colegio de Abogados founded.[11]
* 1845 – Town divided into barrios San Francisco, San Juan, Santa Barbara, Santo Domingo, and Ballajá.[22]
* 1846 – Castillo San Felipe del Morro lighthouse is built.[23]
* 1847 – San Juan Waterworks established in Río Piedras.
* 1848 – Cafe de La Mallorquina in business.[24]
* 1850 – Real Intendencia Building constructed.[8]
* 1853
* Cataño-San Juan steamship begins operating.[25]
* Marketplace built in Santa Barbara barrio.[25]
* 1854 – Paseo de la Princesa established.
* 1858 – Telegraph service is established in San Juan and Santurce.[26]
* 1859 – Barrios De la Marina and Puerta de Tierra become part of San Juan.[27]
* 1863
* Santurce becomes part of San Juan.[28]
* Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery established.
* 1864 – Ballajá Barracks built.
* 1865 – Colegio de Párvulos built.
* 1867 – November 18: a 7.5 earthquake heavily damages portions of the city wall, prompting the demolition of its southeastern portion afterwards.[29]
* 1873 – March 22: Slavery officially abolished in Puerto Rico.
* 1876 – April 30: Ateneo Puertorriqueño (cultural entity) founded.
* 1877 – Cárcel de la Princesa (prison) built.[30]
* 1878 – steam tramway service established between San Juan and Río Piedras.
* 1879 – José Ramón Becerra y de Gárate becomes mayor.[31]
* 1882 – Ponce de León statue erected in the Plaza de San José [es].[32]
* 1883 – Auxilio Mutuo Hospital established.
* 1884 – October: González Padín, the first department store in Puerto Rico, opens its first store in San Juan.
* 1885 – Civil Hospital built.
* 1888 – La Carbonera barrio becomes part of San Juan.[24]
* 1893
* October 5: Sociedad Anónima de Economías y Préstamos (later Banco Popular de Puerto Rico) founded.
* Christopher Columbus statue erected in the Plaza Colón at the site of the former Puerta de Tierra city gate.
* Electric street lighting established.[26]
* 1894 – Population: 23,414.[33]
* 1897 – Phone infrastructure established.[26]
* 1898
* May 12: Bombardment of San Juan by United States forces.[6]
* June 22: Second Battle of San Juan.
* June 28: Third Battle of San Juan.
* August 12: End of hostilities between US and Spanish military forces. United States Military Government begins.
* October: Francisco del Valle becomes mayor.[31]
* Carretera Central (Ponce-San Juan Road) built.
* San Juan News begins publication.[34]
* Railway built (approximate date).[35]
* 1899
* March 12: Mission of St. John the Baptist, the first Episcopal mission in Puerto Rico, is established.
* April 11: Town becomes part of United States-annexed Puerto Rico per Treaty of Paris.
* Chamber of commerce founded.[30]
* Population: 32,048.[36][6]
* 1900
* May 1: Foraker Act comes into force, civil government for Puerto Rico begins. United States Military Government ends.
* Supreme Court of Puerto Rico and Puerto Rico Department of Education headquartered in San Juan.
* Insane asylum established.[20]
* Modern La Perla settlement begins (approximate date).

## 20th century

[edit]

### 1900s–1950s

[edit]

* 1901
* Trolley de San Juan begins operating.
* San Juan High School opens.[37]
* 1902 – City government formed into legislative and executive branches.[38]
* 1903
* March 12: University of Puerto Rico established in Rio Piedras as Escuela Normal.
* Barriada Miranda, the first official public residential area, is built in Puerta de Tierra.[12]
* Roberto H. Todd Wells becomes mayor.[31]
* 1904 – Camp Las Casas established by the US Army.[39]
* 1907 – José Julián Acosta School, the first public elementary school, is built in Puerta de Tierra.[12]
* 1909 – Harbor enlarged.[6]
* 1910
* March 6: Puerto Rico Ilustrado begins publication.[34][40]
* Dos Hermanos Bridge opens.
* First Lutheran and Methodist churches in San Juan open in Puerta de Tierra.[12]
* Santurce marketplace is established.
* Tres Banderas Theater opens, the first of many theaters to be established in an area known as Broadway of Puerto Rico during the 1910s and 1920s.[12]
* Population: 48,716.[6]
* 1913 – Cine Luna opens.[41]
* 1914 – Jose V. Toledo Federal Building and United States Courthouse is built.
* 1915
* March 25: the first shot of World War I fired against the Central Powers by the regular armed forces of the United States is shot by Lieutenant Teófilo Marxuach in the San Juan Bay.[42][43]
* December 8: Church, school and convent of San Agustín are officially opened.[44]
* Carnegie Library, the first purpose-built library in Puerto Rico, is built.
* 1917 – July 24: Antiguo Casino de Puerto Rico is officially inaugurated.
* 1918 – October 11: 1918 San Fermín earthquake.
* 1919
* October 16: Condado Vanderbilt Hotel in business.
* San Juan Asamblea Municipal (municipal assembly) and Concejo de Administración (administrative council) created.[38]
* 1920 – Population: 70,707.[45]
* 1921 – September 21: Academia del Perpetuo Socorro founded.
* 1922 – December 3: WKAQ radio begins broadcasting.[46]
* 1923
* U.S. military Fort Buchanan established.
* Mansion Georgetti (residence) built.[8]
* 1925
* Academia San Jorge founded.
* Loaiza Cordero Institute for Blind Children, the first of its kind in Puerto Rico, is founded.
* 1926 – School of Tropical Medicine established by Bailey Ashford.
* 1928
* September: San Felipe Segundo Hurricane occurs.
* Luis Muñoz Rivera Park laid out.
* Workers protest at Puerta de Tierra and its docks.[12]
* 1929
* January 1: Women's suffrage begins in Puerto Rico.[38]
* February 11: Capitol of Puerto Rico building constructed.
* 1930
* February: Episcopal Cathedral of St. John the Baptist is built.
* Population: 114,715.[47]
* 1931 – San Juan Custom House built.
* 1932 – September–October: San Ciprian hurricane.
* 1934 – Luis Muñoz Rivera Park opens to the public.
* 1935
* May 28: Puerto Rico Reconstruction Administration headquartered in San Juan.
* November 12: Estadio Sixto Escobar opened.
* Universidad del Sagrado Corazón is established.
* 1937 – Puerta de Tierra Tenement Group Project A, today known as El Falansterio de Puerta de Tierra, is built.
* 1939 – Martín Peña Bridge built.
* 1940
* United States Naval Air Station Isla Grande (Isla Grande Airport) established.[48]
* Population: 169,247.[47]
* 1942 – October 10: Normandie Hotel opens.
* 1943
* March 3: Fort Brooke is established by the US Army.
* July 28: 1943 Puerto Rico earthquake.
* 1945 – January 2: Roberto Sánchez Vilella becomes Mayor of San Juan.
* 1946 – January 2: Felisa Rincón de Gautier becomes Mayor of San Juan.
* 1947 – WAPA, WIAC, WITA, and WRSJ radio begin broadcasting.[46]
* 1948 – City flag [es] design adopted.
* 1949
* February 4: San Juan National Historic Site established by the National Park Service.
* December 9: Caribe Hilton Hotel built.[8]
* 1950
* October 30: San Juan Nationalist revolt.
* Residencial Las Casas housing complex built.
* Population: 224,767.
* 1951
* July 1: Río Piedras becomes part of San Juan municipality.[28]
* Museum of History, Anthropology and Art of the University of Puerto Rico, the first purpose-built museum in Puerto Rico, officially opens.[49]
* 1952 – City officially becomes capital of newly created Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
* 1953
* San Juan Cruise Port officially established.
* Sha'are Zedeck, the first synagogue in Puerto Rico, opens in Santurce.[50]
* 1954
* May: WAPA-TV and WKAQ-TV (television) begin broadcasting.[51]
* Ballets de San Juan founded.[52]
* 1955
* June: Institute of Puerto Rican Culture and Archivo General de Puerto Rico headquartered in city.
* Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport opens.
* 1956 – Casals Festival of classical music begins.
* 1958
* December: La Concha Resort opens.
* Supreme Court Building officially inaugurated by U.S. Supreme Court chief justice Earl Warren.[8]
* Casa del Libro established.[53][54]
* 1959
* May 11: Puerto Rico Metropolitan Bus Authority established.
* June: U.S. National Governors Association meets in San Juan.[55]
* The San Juan Star English-language newspaper begins publication.[34]

### 1960s–1990s

[edit]

* 1960
* Office of Secretario de la Asamblea Municipal (secretary of the municipal assembly) created.[38]
* Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico opens in the former Colegio de las Madres del Sagrado Corazón.[21]
* Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Juan de Puerto Rico formed.[56]
* Cataño Ferry regular service is established by the Puerto Rico Ports Authority.
* Population: 451,658.
* 1962
* January 27: Hotel El Convento is opened on the former Carmelite monastery.
* Hiram Bithorn Stadium is opened.
* 1963 – October 4: Puerto Rico Sheraton Hotel (today the San Juan Marriott Resort & Stellaris Casino) opens.
* 1965 – Hato Rey central business district (Milla de Oro) established with the construction of gubernamental and financial high-rises such as Banco Popular headquarters.[57]
* 1966
* July: 1966 Central American and Caribbean Games held.
* September: Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico and San Juan Children's Choir established.
* Albizu University established by Carlos Albizu Miranda at the former psychiatric asylum.
* University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus founded.
* 1967 – August 24: El Monte Mall, the first climate controlled indoor mall in Puerto Rico, opens.[58]
* 1968
* February 28: Center for Advanced Studies on Puerto Rico and the Caribbean founded by Pablo Casals, Luis Muñoz Marín, Roberto Busó Carrasquillo and Jaime Benítez.
* September 12: Plaza Las Américas shopping mall in business.
* 1969 – January 2: Carlos Romero Barceló becomes Mayor of San Juan.
* 1970
* January: San Sebastián Street Festival established.
* Population: 452,749.[59]
* 1971 – March 10: San Juan Botanical Garden inaugurated.[60]
* 1973
* February 1: Roberto Clemente Coliseum opened.
* April 11: Puerto Rico National Library headquartered in city.
* 1974 – April: Association of Caribbean Historians organized during meeting in San Juan.[61]
* 1976 – June: 2nd G7 summit held in Dorado near city.
* 1977
* January 12: Hernán Padilla becomes Mayor of San Juan.
* San Juan Police Department is officially established.
* 1979 – July: 1979 Pan American Games held.
* 1981
* April 9: Centro de Bellas Artes (opera house) opens.[21]
* First mosque in Puerto Rico is established in Río Piedras.[62]
* 1983 – December: La Fortaleza and San Juan National Historic Site designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.
* 1984
* October 4: Puerto Rico Museum of Contemporary Art established.
* October 12: Pope John Paul II pastoral visit to San juan.
* 1985 – January 2: Baltasar Corrada del Río becomes Mayor of San Juan.
* 1986
* June: U.S. Conference of Mayors held in San Juan.
* December 31: Dupont Plaza Hotel arson.
* San Juan Philharmonic Chorale formed.
* 1988 – Archivo Histórico Arquidiocesano de San Juan (historical archives) established.[28]
* 1989
* January 2: Héctor Luis Acevedo becomes Mayor of San Juan.
* September 18: Hurricane Hugo.
* Sociedad Puertorriqueña de Genealogía headquartered in San Juan.[63]
* 1991 – Autonomous Municipalities Act of 1991 created.[38]
* 1992
* Plaza del Quinto Centenario built to commemorate the 500th anniversary of the European discovery and Spanish conquest of Puerto Rico and the Americas.
* Museo de Las Américas established in the former Ballajá Barracks.[64]
* 1994 – Teodoro Moscoso Bridge opens.
* 1997 – January 2: Sila María Calderón becomes Mayor of San Juan.
* 1998 – Nuevo Milenio State Forest is proclaimed to protect the last remaining karst hills from urban sprawl in San Juan.
* 2000
* June 30: Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico established at the former civil hospital.
* August 3: San Patricio State Forest proclaimed.

## 21st century

[edit]

* 2001 – January 2: Jorge Santini becomes Mayor of San Juan.
* 2004
* September 4: José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum opened.
* September 15: Hurricane Jeanne occurs.
* December 17: Tren Urbano, the first rapid transit system of the Caribbean, begins operating.
* 2005 – the Puerto Rico Convention Center is officially opened.
* 2006 – December 15: San Juan Natatorium is opened.
* 2008 – September: Hurricane Kyle occurs.
* 2009 – May: Economic protest.[65]
* 2010
* December 24: largest earthquake to directly impact the San Juan metropolitan area since 1975.[66]
* Population: 395,326.[67]
* 2011 – 2010–2011 University of Puerto Rico strikes
* 2012 – November 6: Territorial Puerto Rican status referendum, 2012 held.
* 2013 – January 14: Carmen Yulín Cruz becomes Mayor of San Juan.
* 2017 – September 20: Hurricane Maria occurs and is covered extensively by CBS journalist David Begnaud[68]
* 2019 – July 8 - August 12: Protests throughout San Juan in response to Telegramgate[69]
* 2020 – March 13: first case of COVID-19 in Puerto Rico reported in San Juan
* 2021 – January 11: Miguel Romero becomes Mayor of San Juan.
* 2023 – January 15: San Juan Puerto Rico Temple, the third LDS temple of the Caribbean and first in Puerto Rico, is officially dedicated.[70]

## See also

[edit]

* United States portal
* Puerto Rico portal

* San Juan history
* List of mayors of San Juan, Puerto Rico
* List of bishops of San Juan, since 1511
* Subdivisions of San Juan, Puerto Rico
* National Register of Historic Places listings in metropolitan San Juan, Puerto Rico
* Timelines of other municipalities in Puerto Rico: municipalities in Puerto Rico: Bayamón, Hormigueros (in Spanish), Mayagüez, Ponce

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Montanus 1671.
2. ^ Matovina, Timothy (March 4, 2016). "American Latino Theme Study: Religion (U.S. National Park Service)". NPS.gov Homepage (U.S. National Park Service). Retrieved July 30, 2019.
3. ^ Mari Mut, José A. (August 28, 2013). Los Pueblos de Puerto Rico y Las Iglesias de Sus Plazas [The Pueblos of Puerto Rico, and the Churches of its Plazas] (PDF) (in Spanish). pp. 202–203\. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 14, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2021.
4. ^ "Hispanic Firsts", By; Nicolas Kanellos, publisher Visible Ink Press; ISBN 0-7876-0519-0; p.40
5. ^ a b c d e f g Federal Writers' Project 1940, p. 387-391: "Chronology"
6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Britannica 1910.
7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Marley 2005.
8. ^ a b c d e f g "Puerto Rico", Oxford Art Online. Retrieved May 24, 2017
9. ^ Felices Sanchez, Fernando Benicio (2005). "Iglesia de San José". Revista del Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña Segunda serie, Año 6 número 11. 2005. San Juan, Puerto Rico: Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña. pp. 10–19. Retrieved August 7, 2023.
10. ^ "Justificación para una historia militar de Puerto Rico" (PDF). Academia Puertorriqueña de la Historia (in Spanish). April 4, 2023. pp. 250–51. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
11. ^ a b c d e Pabón-Charneco 2012.
12. ^ a b c d e f g "Historia de Puerta de Tierra (San Juan)". www.puertadetierra.info. Retrieved February 1, 2022.
13. ^ "Parroquia San Mateo/ Santurce – Arquitectura Histórica de Puerto Rico" (in Spanish). December 5, 2013. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
14. ^ Earthquake History of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands on USGS
15. ^ El Morro, San Cristobal y San Geronimo en peligro en caso de terremoto Archived 2014-01-08 at the Wayback Machine on NoticiasOnline (6/7/2009)
16. ^ Davis 1972.
17. ^ Forts 1998.
18. ^ "US Newspaper Directory: Puerto Rico: San Juan". Chronicling America. Washington DC: Library of Congress. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
19. ^ Kinsbruner 1978.
20. ^ a b San Juan, Puerto Rico. Annual Report of the Insane Asylum of San Juan Porto Rico 1906. NY. hdl:2027/mdp.39015068580359.
21. ^ a b c Malena Kuss, ed. (2007). "Puerto Rico". Music in Latin America and the Caribbean: an Encyclopedic History. University of Texas Press. pp. 151–188\. ISBN 978-0-292-78498-7.
22. ^ Joseph 1992.
23. ^ "Lighthouse Friends- Puerto San Juan". Retrieved April 1, 2009.
24. ^ a b Pabón-Charneco 2017.
25. ^ a b Matos Rodríguez 1999.
26. ^ a b c Gilberto Aponte Torres, San Mateo de Cangrejos: Notas para su Historia (1985)
27. ^ Kinsbruner 1990.
28. ^ a b c "Encyclopedia of Puerto Rico" (in English and Spanish). San Juan: Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades. OCLC 234072526. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
29. ^ "Historia de Puerta de Tierra". Johnny Torres Rivera.
30. ^ a b Adolfo de Hostos; Oficina del Historiador Oficial, eds. (1949). Tesauro de datos historicos (in Spanish). San Juan: Imprenta del Gobierno de Puerto Rico.
31. ^ a b c "Municipalities: San Juan: Mayors". Encyclopedia of Puerto Rico (in English and Spanish). San Juan: Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades. OCLC 234072526. Archived from the original on April 27, 2016. Retrieved May 20, 2017.
32. ^ Paul G. Miller (1922). Historia de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). Rand, McNally.
33. ^ "Spain: Colonies: Cuba and Porto Rico". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1895. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368325.
34. ^ a b c "San Juan (P.R.) Newspapers". WorldCat. USA: Online Computer Library Center. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
35. ^ Sanchez 1991.
36. ^ Baedeker 1909.
37. ^ Governor, Puerto Rico (1902). Annual Report of the Governor of Porto Rico. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
38. ^ a b c d e "Breve historia de la Asamblea Municipal" [Brief history of the Municipal Assembly] (in Spanish). Legislatura Municipal de San Juan. January 25, 2016. Retrieved May 24, 2017.
39. ^ "Historia Militar de Puerto Rico"; by Héctor Andrés Negroni; pg. 370; ISBN 84-7888-138-7
40. ^ "Porto Rico". Nelson Chesman & Co.'s Newspaper Rate Book. USA. 1922.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
41. ^ "Movie Theaters in San Juan, Puerto Rico". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
42. ^ "CALLS ODENWALD AFFAIR AN ATTACK; Fired On Without Warning Shot, Germany Asserts, Contradicting San Juan Commander. SAYS SHE WAS UNDULY HELD Violated Clearance to Elude Enemy Cruisers That Had Been Warned She Was About to Sail". The New York Times. April 7, 1915. Archived from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved August 10, 2008.
43. ^ "US Naval Institute Proceedings"; "A Breach of Neutrality"; by: Lt. Isaiah Olch, US Navy; Vol. 62; July - December 1936
44. ^ "San Juan: Parroquia San Agustín - EnciclopediaPR". September 18, 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2023.
45. ^ "United States of America: Outlying Territories: Porto Rico". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
46. ^ a b "United States AM Stations: Puerto Rico", Yearbook of Radio and Television, New York: Radio Television Daily, 1964, OCLC 7469377 - via Internet Archive
47. ^ a b U.S. Bureau of the Census (1943), Leon E. Truesdell (ed.), "Puerto Rico: Housing, General Characteristics", Sixteenth Census of the United States: 1940 (in English and Spanish), Washington DC: Government Printing Office, hdl:2027/umn.31951p00820205t
48. ^ "Bases in South America and the Caribbean Area, Including Bermuda". Building the Navy's Bases in World War II. Volume II, Part III: The Advance Bases. Washington DC: U.S. Govt. Printing Office. 1947. Archived from the original on October 8, 2014.
49. ^ "Museo de Historia, Antropología y Arte de Río Piedras". Universidad de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). Retrieved March 28, 2022.
50. ^ Jewish Life Emerging, Jewish News, Retrieved November 12, 2008.
51. ^ "United States TV Stations: Puerto Rico", Yearbook of Radio and Television, New York: Radio Television Daily, 1964, OCLC 7469377
52. ^ Don Rubin; Carlos Solórzano, eds. (1996). "Puerto Rico". World Encyclopedia of Contemporary Theatre. Vol. 2: The Americas. Routledge. pp. 377+. ISBN 978-1-136-35928-6.
53. ^ "Pynson Printers records, 1927–1933". Research Collections. New York Public Library. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
54. ^ "Casa del Libro". San Juan. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
55. ^ "About: Meetings". Washington, D.C.: National Governors Association. Retrieved May 20, 2017.
56. ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Puerto Rico". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
57. ^ "Popular Center, Hato Rey, sigue brillando 50 años después". Revista Construcción / El Nuevo Día (in Spanish). January 15, 2016. Retrieved April 9, 2021.
58. ^ http://www.condominioelmontesur.com/mobile/content.html?content=A359BB45304856266F40E9244B163580
59. ^ "General Population Characteristics: Puerto Rico", 1970 Census of Population, Características generales de la poblacíon, Puerto Rico (in English and Spanish), Washington DC: U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1971, hdl:2027/txu.059173012521967
60. ^ "Garden Search: Puerto Rico". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
61. ^ "History" (in English, Spanish, and French). Association of Caribbean Historians. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
62. ^ Rios, Leslie M. Perez (July 2, 2017). "Salaams From Puerto Rico: A Preview of Islam in the Caribbean". MV.SLIM.COM. Retrieved July 27, 2022.
63. ^ "Historia de la SPG". Genealogiapr.com (in Spanish). Sociedad Puertorriqueña de Genealogía. Retrieved May 21, 2017.
64. ^ "Orígenes, Historia y Misión" (in Spanish). Museo de Las Américas. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
65. ^ "Timeline: Puerto Rico". BBC News. February 23, 2012. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
66. ^ USGS. "M 5.0 - 3 km N of Brenas, Puerto Rico". earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on September 28, 2021. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
67. ^ "San Juan Municipio, Puerto Rico". QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved May 18, 2017.
68. ^ "David Begnaud: Aliado boricua – Fundación Nacional para la Cultura Popular". July 29, 2019.
69. ^ Romero, Simon; Robles, Frances; Mazzei, Patricia; Real, Jose A. Del (July 27, 2019). "15 Days of Fury: How Puerto Rico's Government Collapsed". The New York Times.
70. ^ Richards, Mary (January 15, 2023). "A prophetic promise fulfilled: San Juan Puerto Rico Temple is dedicated". The Church News. Retrieved January 16, 2023.

## Bibliography

[edit]

### Published in 17th–19th centuries

[edit]

in English

* Antonio de Alcedo; G.A. Thompson (1812), "Puerto Rico", Geographical and Historical Dictionary of America and the West Indies [Diccionario geográfico-historico de las Indias Occidentales o América], London: Printed for James Carpenter, "Puerto Rico, the capital"
* Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Porto Rico", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
* William Drysdale (January 18, 1891). "In Porto Rico's Capital". New York Times.
* M. de Magalhães (1898). "San Juan". Colonial Business Directory of the Island of Puerto Rico. New York. OCLC 39940968.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* Frederick A. Ober (1899), "San Juan, the Capital", Puerto Rico and its Resources, New York: D. Appleton and Co.
* Robert Thomas Hill (1899), "Cities of Porto Rico: (San Juan)", Cuba and Porto Rico (2nd ed.), New York: Century Company

in Spanish

* Antonio de Alcedo (1788), "Puertorico", Diccionario geográfico-historico de las Indias Occidentales o América (in Spanish), Madrid: Manuel Gonzalez
* Íñigo Abbad y Lasierra (1866), Historia geográfica, civil y natural de la Isla de San Juan Bautista de Puerto Rico [Geographic, civil and natural history of the island of Saint John the Baptist of Puerto Rico] (in Spanish), Puerto-Rico: Imp. y Librería de Acosta, OCLC 82511773, OL 20590535M
* Waldo Jiménez de la Romera (1887), "La capital", Cuba, Puerto-Rico y Filipinas (in Spanish), Barcelona: Daniel Cortezo y C.ª, OCLC 3153821
* Rafael del Castillo, ed. (1891), "San Juan de Puerto Rico", Gran Diccionario geográfico, estadístico e histórico de España y sus provincias (in Spanish), vol. 3, Barcelona: Henrich y Compañía en Comandita
* "San Juan de Puerto Rico". Diccionario enciclopédico hispano-americano de literatura, ciencias y artes (in Spanish). Vol. 18\. Barcelona: Montaner y Simon. 1896. hdl:2027/mdp.35112203983350.

in other languages

* Joannes de Laet (1625), "St. Juan de Porto Rico", Nieuwe wereldt, ofte, Beschrijvinghe van West-Indien [New World, Description of the West Indies] (in Dutch), Tot Leyden: Isaack Elzevier
* Arnoldus Montanus (1671). "Porto Rico". De Nieuwe en Onbekende Weereld [The New and Unknown World: or Description of America and the Southland]. Antwerp: J. Meurs.

### Published in 20th century

[edit]

in English

* A.P.C. Griffin; Library of Congress (1901). List of Books (with References to Periodicals) on Porto Rico. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. (Includes bibliographic information relevant to San Juan, p. 53+ etc.)
* "Porto Rico: San Juan". Official Commercial Directory of Cuba, Porto Rico and the Entire West Indies, with Bermuda. New York: Spanish-American Directories Company. 1901. pp. 340+.
* Charles Hartzell, ed. (1903), "Sketches of Cities, Towns, and Villages: San Juan", Register of Porto Rico for 1903, San Juan: Louis E. Tuzo and Co., pp. 200+
* "Porto Rico: San Juan Bautista", United States, with Excursions to Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico, and Alaska (4th ed.), Leipzig: K. Baedeker, 1909, pp. 669+, OCLC 02338437
* "San Juan". Commercial Guide and Business Directory of Porto Rico. New York: F.E. Platt. 1910. pp. 17–66.
* "San Juan Bautista de Puerto Rico" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 151.
* A. Hyatt Verrill (1914), "San Juan", Porto Rico past and present and San Domingo of today, New York: Dodd, Mead
* Ernst B. Filsinger (1922), "San Juan", Commercial Travelers' Guide to Latin America, Washington, DC: Govt. Print. Office
* Federal Writers' Project (1940), "San Juan", Puerto Rico: a Guide to the Island of Boriquén, American Guide Series, New York: University Society, pp. 171–232, hdl:2027/mdp.39015030579083, OCLC 245805 - via HathiTrust
* Frank Otto Gatell (1959). "Puerto Rico in the 1830s; The Journal of Edward Bliss Emerson". The Americas. 16.
* Martha Ellen Davis (1972). "Social Organization of a Musical Event: The Fiesta de Cruz in San Juan, Puerto Rico". Ethnomusicology. 16.
* Jay Kinsbruner (1978). "The Pulperos of Caracas and San Juan during the First Half of the Nineteenth Century". Latin American Research Review. 13.
* Jay Kinsbruner (1990). "Caste and Capitalism in the Caribbean: Residential Patterns and House Ownership among the Free People of Color of San Juan, Puerto Rico, 1823–46". Hispanic American Historical Review. 70.
* Joseph P. Sanchez (1991). "Infrastructure of Puerto Rico in the 19th Century". Second International Symposium on Historic Preservation in Puerto Rico and the Caribbean. Lectures. San Juan, Puerto Rico: U.S. National Park Service, San Juan National Historic Site. hdl:2027/wu.89074121823.
* J. W. Joseph; Stephen C. Bryne (1992). "Socio-Economics and Trade in Viejo San Juan, Puerto Rico: Observations from the Ballaja Archaeological Project". Historical Archaeology. 26: 45–58\. doi:10.1007/BF03374159. S2CID 160583426.
* Ramón Grosfoguel (1994). "World Cities in the Caribbean: The Rise of Miami and San Juan". Review. 17 (3). Fernand Braudel Center, State University of New York: 351–381\. JSTOR 40241296. (Abstract)
* Forts of Old San Juan: San Juan National Historic Site, Puerto Rico. Handbook; 151. Washington, D.C.: United States National Park Service. c. 1998. hdl:2027/pur1.32754067979769. ISBN 9780912627625.
* Félix V. Matos Rodríguez (1999), Women and urban change in San Juan, Puerto Rico, 1820–1868, Gainesville: University Press of Florida, ISBN 0813016762

in Spanish

* "Puerto Rico: San Juan". Anuario del comercio, de la industria, de la magistratura y de la administracion de España, sus colonias, Cuba, Puerto-Rico y Filipinas, estados hispano-americanos y Portugal (in Spanish). Vol. 4\. Madrid: Bailly-Bailliere e Hijos. 1908. (Directory)
* Adolfo de Hostos (1966) [1948]. Historia de San Juan, ciudad murada [History of San Juan: Walled City, 1521–1898] (in Spanish). San Juan. OCLC 243313.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
* José Seguinot Barbosa (1992). "Geografía histórica de la Ciudad de San Juan, Puerto Rico". Boletín de la Real Sociedad Geográfica (in Spanish) (128). Madrid. ISSN 0210-8577.

### Published in 21st century

[edit]

in English

* David Marley (2005), "San Juan", Historic Cities of the Americas, Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, pp. 185+, ISBN 1576070271
* Arleen Pabón-Charneco (2012), "Old San Juan Historic District/ Distrito Histórico del Viejo San Juan" (PDF), National Historic Landmark Nomination, "NPS Form 10-900"
* Arleen Pabón-Charneco (2017). Architecture of San Juan de Puerto Rico: Five centuries of urban and architectural experimentation. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-42358-4.

in Spanish

* Silvia Álvarez Curbelo; Aníbal Sepúlveda-Rivera (2011). De vuelta a la ciudad: San Juan de Puerto Rico 1997–2001 [Back to the city: San Juan de Puerto Rico 1997–2001] (in Spanish). San Juan, P.R.: Fundación Sila M. Calderón. ISBN 9780982080603. [1]

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to San Juan, Puerto Rico.

* Items related to San Juan, various dates (via University of Puerto Rico's Biblioteca Digital Puertorriqueña)
* "(San Juan)" - via Digital Library of the Caribbean.
* Nancy Abreu Báez; et al. (eds.). "Indice de Temas: (San Juan (P.R.))" [Topic Index]. Conuco: Indice de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). OCLC 772645549. (Includes bibliographic information on San Juan history)
* "San Juan", American Geographical Society Library Digital Map Collection, USA - via University of Wisconsin, ca.1766–2003
* Materials related to San Juan, Puerto Rico, various dates (via U.S. Library of Congress, Prints & Photos Division)
* Works related to San Juan, PR, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).
* Map of San Juan, 1982
* Map of San Juan, 1940
* "Breve Historia del Desarrollo Urbano de la Ciudad de San Juan Bautista, Ciudad Capital de Puerto Rico" [Brief History of Urban Development of the City of San Juan Bautista, City Capital of Puerto Rico] (in Spanish). Legislatura Municipal de San Juan. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012.
* "Archivo Histórico Arquidiocesano" [Historical Archive of the Archdiocese of San Juan] (in Spanish). Arquidiocesano de San Juan. Located in the Palacio Arzobispal on Calle San Sebastián
* Digitized materials related to San Juan in the Archivo Histórico Nacional of Spain, records of the Ministerio de Ultramar; via Portal de Archivos Españoles

18°27′00″N 66°04′00″W﻿ / ﻿18.45°N 66.066667°W﻿ / 18.45; -66.066667

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