Timeline of Solar System exploration

This article is about listing events in a comprehensive list. For a timeline of first-ever achievements, see Timeline of space exploration.

Charted timeline of Solar System exploration, as of December 2014

This is a timeline of Solar System exploration ordering events in the exploration of the Solar System by date of spacecraft launch. It includes:

* All spacecraft that have left Earth orbit for the purposes of Solar System exploration (or were launched with that intention but failed), including lunar probes.
* A small number of pioneering or notable Earth-orbiting craft.[vague]

It does not include:

* Centuries of terrestrial telescopic observation.
* The great majority of Earth-orbiting satellites.
* Space probes leaving Earth orbit that are not concerned with Solar System exploration (such as space telescopes targeted at distant galaxies, cosmic background radiation observatories, and so on).
* Probes that failed at launch.

The dates listed are launch dates, but the achievements noted may have occurred some time later—in some cases, a considerable time later (for example, Voyager 2, launched 20 August 1977, did not reach Neptune until 1989).

## 1950s

[edit]

Sputnik 1  – First Earth orbiter Mission name  | Launch date  | Description  | Ref(s)

|
|
|

Sputnik 1 | 4 October 1957  | First Earth orbiter | [1][2]
Sputnik 2  | 3 November 1957  | Earth orbiter, first animal in orbit, a dog named Laika | [2][3][4]
Explorer 1 | 1 February 1958  | Earth orbiter; discovered Van Allen radiation belts | [5]
Vanguard 1 | 17 March 1958  | Earth orbiter; oldest spacecraft still in Earth orbit  | [6]
Luna 1 | 2 January 1959  | First lunar flyby (attempted lunar impact?); first artificial satellite in heliocentric orbit.  | [7][8][9][10]
Pioneer 4 | 3 March 1959  | Lunar flyby  | [11][12]
Luna 2 | 12 September 1959  | First extraterrestrial impact and lunar impact, First artificial object on Moon | [10][13]
Luna 3 | 4 October 1959  | Lunar flyby; First images of another celestial body taken from space, most notably, the far side of Moon | [10][14]

## 1960s

[edit]

Vostok 1 – First crewed Earth orbiter Mariner 2 – First successful Venus flyby Mariner 4 – First successful Mars flyby Luna 9 – First successful lunar lander Zond 5 – First lunar flyby and return to Earth, first terrestrials to circle the Moon Apollo 8 – First crewed lunar orbiter Apollo 11 – First crewed lunar landing Mission name  | Launch date  | Description  | Ref(s)

|
|
|

Pioneer 5 | 11 March 1960  | Interplanetary space investigations  | [15][16]
Venera 1 | 12 February 1961  | First probe to another planet; Venus flyby (contact lost before flyby)  | [17][18][19]
Vostok 1 | 12 April 1961  | First crewed Earth orbiter (Yuri Gagarin)  | [20][21]
Ranger 1 | 23 August 1961  | Attempted lunar test flight (failed to leave Earth orbit)  | [22][23][24]
Ranger 2 | 18 November 1961  | Attempted lunar test flight (failed to leave Earth orbit)  | [24][25][26]
Ranger 3 | 26 January 1962  | Attempted lunar impact (missed Moon)  | [24][27][28]
Ranger 4 | 23 April 1962  | Lunar impact (but unintentionally became the first spacecraft to hit the lunar farside and returned no data)  | [24][29][30][31]
Mariner 2 | 27 August 1962  | First successful planetary encounter, First successful Venus flyby | [32][33][34]
Ranger 5 | 18 October 1962  | Attempted lunar impact (missed Moon)  | [24][35][36]
Mars 1 | 1 November 1962  | First probe to Mars: flyby (contact lost)  | [37][38]
Luna 4 | 2 April 1963  | Attempted lunar lander (missed Moon)  | [39][40]
Cosmos 21 | 11 November 1963  | Attempted Venera test flight?  | [41]
Ranger 6 | 30 January 1964  | Lunar impact (cameras failed)  | [42][43]
Zond 1 | 2 April 1964  | Venus flyby (contact lost)  | [44][45][46]
Ranger 7 | 28 July 1964  | Lunar impact (success)  | [47][48][49]
Voskhod 1 | 12 October 1964  | First orbiter with multimember crew | [50][51]
Mariner 3 | 5 November 1964  | Attempted Mars flyby (failed to attain correct trajectory)  | [52][53]
Mariner 4 | 28 November 1964  | First successful Mars flyby | [54][55]
Zond 2 | 30 November 1964  | Mars flyby (contact lost)  | [46][56][57]
Ranger 8 | 17 February 1965  | Lunar impact  | [58][59]
Voskhod 2 | 18 March 1965  | First space walk, by Alexei Leonov | [51][60]
Ranger 9 | 21 March 1965  | Lunar impact  | [61][62]
Lincoln Calibration Sphere 1 | 6 May 1965  | Oldest spacecraft still in use[citation needed] | [63]
Luna 5 | 9 May 1965  | Lunar impact (attempted soft landing)  | [64]
Luna 6 | 8 June 1965  | Attempted lunar lander (missed Moon)  | [65]
Zond 3 | 18 July 1965  | Lunar flyby  | [46][66][67]
Luna 7 | 4 October 1965  | Lunar impact (attempted soft landing)  | [68]
Venera 2 | 12 November 1965  | Venus flyby (contact lost)  | [69][18]
Venera 3 | 16 November 1965  | Venus lander (contact lost) – First spacecraft to reach another planet's atmosphere and surface, First Venus impact | [70][18]
Luna 8 | 3 December 1965  | Lunar impact (attempted soft landing?)  | [71]
Pioneer 6 | 16 December 1965  | "Space weather" observations  | [72][73][74][75]
Luna 9 | 31 January 1966  | First extraterrestrial lander and lunar lander | [10][76]
Luna 10 | 31 March 1966  | First extraterrestrial orbiter and first lunar orbiter | [77]
Surveyor 1 | 30 May 1966  | Lunar lander  | [78][79][80]
Explorer 33 | 1 July 1966  | Attempted lunar orbiter (failed to attain lunar orbit)  | [81][82]
Lunar Orbiter 1 | 10 August 1966  | Lunar orbiter  | [83][84][85]
Pioneer 7 | 17 August 1966  | "Space weather" observations  | [75][86][87]
Luna 11 | 24 August 1966  | Lunar orbiter  | [88]
Surveyor 2 | 20 September 1966  | Attempted lunar lander (crashed into Moon)  | [89][90]
Luna 12 | 22 October 1966  | Lunar orbiter  | [91]
Lunar Orbiter 2 | 6 November 1966  | Lunar orbiter  | [92][93]
Luna 13 | 21 December 1966  | Lunar lander  | [94]
Lunar Orbiter 3 | 5 February 1967  | Lunar orbiter  | [95][96]
Surveyor 3 | 17 April 1967  | Lunar lander  | [97][98]
Lunar Orbiter 4 | 4 May 1967  | Lunar orbiter  | [99][100]
Venera 4 | 12 June 1967  | First functioning extraterrestrial atmospheric probe (Venus) | [18][101]
Mariner 5 | 14 June 1967  | Venus flyby  | [102][103]
Surveyor 4 | 14 July 1967  | Attempted lunar lander (crashed into Moon)  | [104][105]
Explorer 35 (IMP-E) | 19 July 1967  | Lunar orbiter  | [106]
Lunar Orbiter 5 | 1 August 1967  | Lunar orbiter  | [85][107][108]
Surveyor 5 | 8 September 1967  | Lunar lander  | [109][110]
Surveyor 6 | 7 November 1967  | Lunar lander, first lift-off from an extraterrestrial body | [79][111][112]
Apollo 4 | 9 November 1967  | Lunar programme test flight in Earth orbit (uncrewed)  | [113]
Pioneer 8 | 13 December 1967  | "Space weather" observations  | [75][114][115]
Surveyor 7 | 7 January 1968  | Lunar lander  | [116][117]
Apollo 5 | 22 January 1968  | Lunar programme test flight in Earth orbit (uncrewed)  | [118][119]
Zond 4 | 2 March 1968  | Lunar programme test flight out of Earth orbit (uncrewed)  | [46][120][121][122]
Luna 14 | 7 April 1968  | Lunar orbiter  | [123]
Zond 5 | 14 September 1968  | First lunar flyby and return to Earth, first life forms to circle the Moon | [46][124][125][126][127]
Apollo 7 | 11 October 1968  | Lunar programme test flight in Earth orbit (crewed)  | [128][129]
Pioneer 9 | 8 November 1968  | "Space weather" observations  | [75][130][131]
Zond 6 | 10 November 1968  | Lunar flyby and return to Earth  | [46][132][133]
Apollo 8 | 21 December 1968  | First crewed spacecraft to leave Earth orbit, first crewed lunar orbiter | [129][134][135]
Venera 5 | 5 January 1969  | Venus atmospheric probe  | [18][136]
Venera 6 | 10 January 1969  | Venus atmospheric probe  | [18][137]
Mariner 6 | 25 February 1969  | Mars flyby  | [138][139]
Apollo 9 | 3 March 1969  | Crewed lunar lander (LEM) flight test in Earth orbit  | [129][140]
Mariner 7 | 27 March 1969  | Mars flyby  | [141][142]
Apollo 10 | 18 May 1969  | Crewed lunar orbiter  | [129][143][144]
Luna 15 | 13 July 1969  | Second attempted lunar sample return  | [145][146]
Apollo 11 | 16 July 1969  | First crewed lunar landing and first successful sample return mission | [147][148][149][150][151]
Zond 7 | 7 August 1969  | Lunar flyby and return to Earth  | [46][152][153]
Apollo 12 | 14 November 1969  | Crewed lunar landing  | [154][155][156]

## 1970s

[edit]

Mars 3 – First Mars lander Pioneer 10 – First Jupiter flyby Mariner 10 – First Mercury flyby Voyager 2 – First Uranus/first Neptune flyby Mission name  | Launch date  | Description  | Ref(s)

|
|
|

Apollo 13 | 11 April 1970  | Crewed lunar flyby and return to Earth (crewed lunar landing aborted). Farthest from Earth a human has gone (401,056 km) | [157][158][159][160]
Venera 7 | 17 August 1970  | First Venus lander and the first spacecraft to "soft" land on another planet (with some data returned from the surface)  | [18][161][162]
Luna 16 | 12 September 1970  | First robotic lunar sample return | [10][163]
Zond 8 | 20 October 1970  | Lunar flyby and return to Earth  | [46][164][165]
Luna 17/Lunokhod 1 | 10 November 1970  | First remote controlled rover | [10][166]
Apollo 14 | 31 January 1971  | Crewed lunar landing  | [167][168][169]
Salyut 1 | 19 April 1971  | First space station | [170][171]
Mars 2 | 19 May 1971  | First Mars impact, Mars orbiter and attempted lander; First rover (Prop-M) sent to another planet (Mars)  | [172][173][174][175][176]
Mars 3 | 28 May 1971  | Mars orbiter, First Mars lander (first image taken from the surface of another planet, though the received image did not show anything); First rover (Prop-M) to be landed but not deployed on another planet (Mars)  | [177][178][179][180][181]
Mariner 9 | 30 May 1971  | First to orbit another planet (Mars) | [182][183]
Apollo 15 | 26 July 1971  | Crewed lunar landing; First crewed lunar rover | [129][184][185][186]
Luna 18 | 2 September 1971  | Attempted lunar sample return (crashed into Moon)  | [187][188]
Luna 19 | 28 September 1971  | Lunar orbiter  | [189]
Luna 20 | 14 February 1972  | Lunar robotic sample return  | [190]
Pioneer 10 | 3 March 1972  | First Jupiter flyby | [191][192][74]
Venera 8 | 27 March 1972  | Venus lander  | [18][193][194]
Apollo 16 | 16 April 1972  | Crewed lunar landing  | [195][196][197]
Apollo 17 | 7 December 1972  | Last crewed lunar landing  | [198][199][200][201]
Luna 21/Lunokhod 2 | 8 January 1973  | Lunar rover  | [202]
Pioneer 11 | 5 April 1973  | Jupiter flyby and First Saturn flyby | [74][203][204]
Explorer 49 (RAE-B) | 10 June 1973  | Lunar orbiter/radio astronomy | [205][206]
Mars 4 | 21 July 1973  | Mars flyby (attempted Mars orbiter)  | [207][208]
Mars 5 | 25 July 1973  | Mars orbiter  | [209][210]
Mars 6 | 5 August 1973  | Mars flyby and attempted lander (failed due to damage on Mars landing)  | [211][212]
Mars 7 | 9 August 1973  | Mars flyby and attempted lander (missed Mars)  | [213][214]
Mariner 10 | 3 November 1973  | Lunar and Venus flybys in addition to the First Mercury flyby | [215][216][217][218]
Luna 22 | 29 May 1974  | Lunar orbiter  | [10][219]
Luna 23 | 28 October 1974  | Attempted lunar sample return (failed due to damage on lunar landing)  | [220]
Helios-A | 10 December 1974  | Solar observations  | [221][222]
Venera 9 | 8 June 1975  | First Venus orbiter and lander; First successful images from the surface of another planet (Venus) | [18][223][224][225]
Venera 10 | 14 June 1975  | Venus orbiter and lander  | [18][226][227][228]
Viking 1 | 20 August 1975  | Mars orbiter and lander; First clear pictures from Martian surface | [229][230][231][232]
Viking 2 | 9 September 1975  | Mars orbiter and lander  | [232][233][234][235]
Helios-B | 15 January 1976  | Solar observations  | [236][237]
Luna 24 | 9 August 1976  | Lunar robotic sample return  | [10][238]
Voyager 2 | 20 August 1977  | Jupiter/Saturn/first Uranus/first Neptune flyby | [239][240][241]
Voyager 1 | 5 September 1977  | Jupiter/Saturn flyby, first to exit the heliosphere | [241][242][243]
Pioneer Venus 1 | 20 May 1978  | Venus orbiter  | [244][245]
Pioneer Venus 2 | 8 August 1978  | Venus atmospheric probes  | [246][247]
ISEE-3 | 12 August 1978  | Solar wind investigations; later redesignated International Cometary Explorer and performed Comet Giacobini-Zinner and Comet Halley flybys – First comet flyby | [248][249][250]
Venera 11 | 9 September 1978  | Venus flyby and lander  | [18][251][252][253]
Venera 12 | 14 September 1978  | Venus flyby and lander  | [18][254][255][256]

## 1980s

[edit]

Giotto – Comet Halley flyby Galileo – Mission to Jupiter Mission name  | Launch date  | Description  | Ref(s)

|
|
|

Venera 13 | 30 October 1981  | Venus flyby and lander. First recording of sound on another planet. | [18][257][258][259]
Venera 14 | 4 November 1981  | Venus flyby and lander  | [18][260][261][262]
Venera 15 | 2 June 1983  | Venus orbiter  | [18][263][264]
Venera 16 | 7 June 1983  | Venus orbiter  | [18][265][266]
Vega 1 | 15 December 1984  | Venus flyby, lander and first extraterrestrial aircraft (aerostat balloon); continued on to Comet Halley flyby  | [267][268][269][270][271]
Vega 2 | 21 December 1984  | Venus flyby, lander and balloon; continued on to Comet Halley flyby  | [271][272][273][274][275]
Sakigake | 8 January 1985  | Comet Halley flyby  | [276][277]
Giotto | 2 July 1985  | First close observation of comet (distance 596 kilometers), Comet Halley flyby  | [278][279][280]
Suisei (Planet-A)  | 18 August 1985  | Comet Halley flyby  | [281][282]
Mir | 19 February 1986  | First modular space station (operational 1986–2000; final module added 1996)  | [283][284][285]
Phobos 1 | 7 July 1988  | Attempted Mars orbiter/Phobos landers (contact lost)  | [286][287]
Phobos 2 | 12 July 1988  | Mars orbiter/attempted Phobos landers (contact lost)  | [288][289]
Magellan | 4 May 1989  | Venus orbiter  | [290][291]
Galileo | 18 October 1989  | Venus flyby, first Asteroid flyby (Gaspra), first Asteroid moon discovery (Dactyl), first Jupiter orbiter, first Jupiter atmospheric probe | [292][293][294][295]

## 1990s

[edit]

Mars Pathfinder – Mars lander and the first successful Mars rover, Sojourner Cassini–Huygens – First Saturn orbiter and first Titan lander Mission name  | Launch date  | Description  | Ref(s)

|
|
|

Hiten (MUSES-A)  | 24 January 1990  | Lunar flyby and orbiter  | [296][297]
Hubble Space Telescope | 24 April 1990  | Orbital space telescope (operational since 1990[needs update])  | [298][299][300]
Ulysses | 6 October 1990  | Solar polar orbiter  | [301][302][303]
Yohkoh (Solar-A)  | 30 August 1991  | Solar observations (1991–2001)  | [304][305]
Mars Observer | 25 September 1992  | Attempted Mars orbiter (contact lost)  | [306][307]
Clementine | 25 January 1994  | Lunar orbiter/attempted asteroid flyby (contact lost)  | [308][309][310]
WIND | 1 November 1994  | Solar wind observations  | [311][312]
SOHO | 2 December 1995  | Solar observatory (operational since 1996[needs update])  | [313][314][315]
NEAR Shoemaker | 17 February 1996  | Eros orbiter, first near-Earth asteroid flyby, first asteroid orbit and first asteroid landing | [316][317][318]
Mars Global Surveyor | 7 November 1996  | Mars orbiter  | [319][320]
Mars 96 | 16 November 1996  | Attempted Mars orbiter/landers (failed to escape Earth orbit)  | [321][322]
Mars Pathfinder | 4 December 1996  | Mars lander and first successful planetary rover | [323][324][325]
ACE | 25 August 1997  | Solar wind and "space weather" observations (operational since 1998)  | [326][327]
Cassini–Huygens | 15 October 1997  | First Saturn orbiter and first outer planet moon lander (on Titan)  | [328][329][330][331][332]
Lunar Prospector | 7 January 1998  | Lunar orbiter  | [333][334]
Nozomi (Planet-B)  | 3 July 1998  | Attempted Mars orbiter (failed to enter Mars orbit)  | [335][336]
Deep Space 1 (DS1) | 24 October 1998  | Asteroid and comet flyby  | [337][338]
ISS | 20 November 1998  | International space station  | [339][340]
Mars Climate Orbiter | 11 December 1998  | Attempted Mars orbiter (orbit insertion failed; entered atmosphere and was destroyed)  | [341][342]
Mars Polar Lander/Deep Space 2 (DS2) | 3 January 1999  | Attempted Mars lander/penetrators (contact lost)  | [343][344][345]
Stardust | 7 February 1999  | First comet coma sample return (returned 15 January 2006)  | [346][347][348]

## 2000s

[edit]

Mars Express/Beagle 2 – First planetary mission by the ESA MESSENGER – First Mercury orbiter Chandrayaan-1 – Water Around Fresh Moon Crater Mission name  | Launch date  | Description  | Ref(s)

|
|
|

2001 Mars Odyssey | 7 April 2001  | Mars orbiter  | [349][350]
Genesis | 8 August 2001  | First solar wind sample return | [351][352][353][354]
CONTOUR | 3 July 2002  | Attempted flyby of comet nuclei (Encke, Schwassmann-Wachmann-3, and optionally a third one; lost in space)  | [355][356]
Hayabusa (MUSES-C)  | 9 May 2003  | Asteroid lander and first sample return from asteroid | [357][358][359]
Mars Express/Beagle 2 | 2 June 2003  | Mars orbiter/attempted lander (lander failure)  | [360][361][362][363]
Mars Exploration Rover Spirit | 10 June 2003  | Mars rover | [364][365]
Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity | 8 July 2003  | Mars rover  | [366][367]
SMART-1 | 27 September 2003  | Lunar orbiter  | [368][369]
Rosetta/Philae | 2 March 2004  | Asteroid Šteins and Lutetia flybys; first comet orbiter and lander (Landed in November 2014)  | [370][371][372][373]
MESSENGER | 3 August 2004  | First Mercury orbiter (Achieved orbit 18 March 2011)  | [374][375][376]
Deep Impact | 12 January 2005  | Comet flyby and impact  | [377][378][379][380]
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter | 12 August 2005  | Mars orbiter  | [381][382]
Venus Express | 9 November 2005  | Venus polar orbiter  | [383][384]
New Horizons | 19 January 2006  | First Pluto/Charon flyby (on 14 July 2015); continued on to 486958 Arrokoth flyby (on 1 January 2019)  | [385][386][387][388]
Hinode (Solar-B)  | 22 September 2006  | Solar orbiter  | [389][390]
STEREO | 26 October 2006  | Two spacecraft, solar orbiters  | [391][392][393]
Phoenix | 4 August 2007  | Mars polar lander (Mars landing on 25 May 2008)  | [394][395]
SELENE (Kaguya)  | 14 September 2007  | Lunar orbiters  | [396][397][398][399]
Dawn | 27 September 2007  | Asteroid Ceres and Vesta orbiter (Entered orbit around Vesta on 16 July 2011 and around Ceres on 6 March 2015)  | [400][401][402]
Chang'e 1 | 24 October 2007  | Lunar orbiter  | [403][404][405]
Chandrayaan-1 | 22 October 2008  | Lunar orbiter and impactor; discovered water on the Moon  | [406][407][408]
Herschel Space Observatory | 14 May 2009  | Infrared space telescope at Sun–Earth L2 Lagrange point | [409][410]
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter/LCROSS | 18 June 2009  | Lunar polar orbiter and lunar impactor  | [411][412][413][414]
WISE (NEOWISE)  | 14 December 2009  | Infrared survey of celestial sky (WISE mission); later Near-Earth object survey (NEOWISE mission)  | [415][416][417]

## 2010s

[edit]

Mars Science Laboratory – Mars lander and large rover Mangalyaan – First Indian Mars orbiter Trace Gas Orbiter – ESA/Roscosmos Mars orbiter Mission name  | Launch date  | Description  | Ref(s)

|
|
|

Solar Dynamics Observatory | 11 February 2010  | Continuous solar monitoring  | [418][419]
Akatsuki (Planet-C)  | 20 May 2010  | Venus orbiter (orbit insertion failed in 2010 / successful orbit insertion on 7 December 2015)  | [420][421][422]
PICARD | 15 June 2010  | Solar monitoring  | [423][424]
Chang'e 2 | 1 October 2010  | Lunar orbiter, asteroid 4179 Toutatis flyby  | [405][425][426]
Juno | 5 August 2011  | Jupiter orbiter  | [427][428]
GRAIL | 10 September 2011  | Two spacecraft, Lunar orbiters  | [429][430][431]
Fobos-Grunt and Yinghuo-1 | 8 November 2011  | Attempted Phobos sample return and Mars orbiter, respectively; both failed to escape Earth orbit  | [432][433]
Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity rover)  | 26 November 2011  | Mars rover (landed 6 August 2012)  | [434][435]
Van Allen Probes (RBSP)  | 30 August 2012  | Earth Van Allen radiation belts study  | [436][437][438]
IRIS | 28 June 2013  | Solar observations  | [439]
LADEE | 7 September 2013  | Lunar orbiter  | [440][441]
Hisaki | 14 September 2013  | Planetary atmosphere observatory  | [442]
Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan)  | 5 November 2013  | Mars orbiter  | [443][444][445]
MAVEN | 18 November 2013  | Mars orbiter  | [446][447]
Chang'e 3 | 1 December 2013  | Lunar lander and rover (first lander since Soviet Luna 24 in 1976)  | [405][448][449][450]
Chang'e 5-T1 | 23 October 2014  | Circumlunar mission and Earth reentry; technology demonstration to prepare for Chang'e 5 mission  | [451]
Hayabusa2 / MASCOT | 3 December 2014  | Asteroid lander and sample return (sample returned 5 December 2020), first asteroid rover | [359][452][453]
PROCYON | 3 December 2014  | Comet observer and attempted asteroid flyby (engine failure)  | [454]
DSCOVR | 11 February 2015  | Solar observation  | [455][456]
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter and EDM lander | 14 March 2016  | Mars orbiter and attempted lander (lander failure)  | [457][458]
OSIRIS-REx | 8 September 2016  | Asteroid sample return mission (sample returned 24 September 2023[needs update])  | [459][460]
InSight | 5 May 2018  | Mars lander  | [461][462]
Queqiao | 20 May 2018  | Relay satellite for Chang'e 4 in Halo orbit around Earth–Moon L2 Lagrange point | [463]
Parker Solar Probe | 12 August 2018  | Solar corona probe, closest solar approach (0.04 AU)  | [464][465]
BepiColombo | 19 October 2018  | Two Mercury orbiters (orbit insertion planned in December 2025)  | [466][467]
Chang'e 4 | 7 December 2018  | Lunar lander and rover, first landing on the lunar far side | [405][468][469]
Beresheet | 22 February 2019  | Attempted lunar lander (crashed into Moon)  | [470][471]
Chandrayaan-2 | 22 July 2019  | Lunar orbiter; attempted lander and rover (contact lost during final stage of descent)  | [472][473]

## 2020s

[edit]

NASA's Perseverance rover Mission name  | Launch date  | Description  | Ref(s)

|
|
|

Solar Orbiter | 10 February 2020  | Sun-observing satellite  | [474][475][476]
Mars Hope | 19 July 2020  | Mars orbiter  | [477]
Tianwen-1 (Zhurong rover)  | 23 July 2020  | Mars orbiter, lander, and rover  | [478]
Mars 2020 (Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter)  | 30 July 2020  | Mars rover and helicopter drone; first powered flight on another planet | [479][480][481]
Chang'e 5 | 23 November 2020  | Lunar sample return  | [405][482]
Lucy | 16 October 2021  | Flyby of six Jupiter trojans and two main belt asteroids  | [483][484]
DART / LICIACube | 24 November 2021  | Asteroid 65803 Didymos flyby, asteroid moon Dimorphos impactor  | [485][486]
James Webb Space Telescope | 25 December 2021  | Infrared space telescope at Sun–Earth L2 | [487][488]
CAPSTONE | 28 June 2022  | Lunar orbiter  | [489]
Danuri (KPLO)  | 5 August 2022  | Lunar orbiter  | [490]
Artemis 1 and 10 cubesats  | 16 November 2022  | Uncrewed lunar orbital test of Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System. The cubesats are launched as rideshares and will execute their own missions.  | [491]
Hakuto-R Mission 1 (Rashid rover) and Lunar Flashlight | 11 December 2022  | Lunar lander technology demonstration, lunar rover, and lunar orbiter launched together (crashed into Moon)  | [492][493][494]
JUICE | 14 April 2023  | Jupiter/Ganymede orbiter  | [495]
Chandrayaan-3 | 14 July 2023  | Lunar orbiter, lander and rover; first soft landing near the lunar South Pole | [496][497]
Luna 25 | 10 August 2023  | Attempted lunar south pole lander (crashed into Moon)  | [498][499]
Aditya-L1 | 2 September 2023  | Sun-observing spacecraft at Sun–Earth L1 | [500]
SLIM (LEV-1, LEV-2)  | 6 September 2023  | Lunar flyby, lander and rovers  | [501][502]
Psyche | 13 October 2023  | Asteroid 16 Psyche orbiter  | [503]
Peregrine Mission One (including Iris and Colmena rovers)  | 8 January 2024  | Lunar lander and rovers (landing precluded)  | [504]
IM-1 Nova-C Odysseus (including EagleCam deployable camera)  | 15 February 2024  | Lunar landers  | [505]
DRO A/B  | 13 March 2024  | Lunar orbiters  | [506]
Queqiao-2 (including Tiandu-1 and 2)  | 20 March 2024  | Lunar orbiters  | [507]
Chang'e 6 (including Pakistan's ICUBE-Q cubesat)  | 3 May 2024  | Lunar sample return, rover and orbiters; first sample return from the lunar far side | [508][509]
Hera (3 orbiters)  | 7 October 2024  | Asteroid 65803 Didymos rendezvous  | [510]
Europa Clipper | 14 October 2024  | Jupiter orbiter, Europa multiple flyby  | [511][512][513]

## Planned or scheduled

[edit]

Main article: List of proposed Solar System spacecraft

## See also

[edit]

* Discovery and exploration of the Solar System
* Human presence in space
* List of missions to the Moon
* List of missions to Venus
* List of missions to Mars
* List of Solar System probes
* List of interplanetary voyages
* List of space telescopes
* New Frontiers program
* Out of the Cradle – 1984 book about scientific speculation on future missions.
* Space Race
* Timeline of artificial satellites and space probes
* Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons
* Timeline of first orbital launches by country
* Timeline of space exploration
* Timeline of space travel by nationality
* Timeline of spaceflight

## References

[edit]

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454. ^ "PROCYON". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
455. ^ "DSCOVR". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
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457. ^ "ExoMars 2016". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
458. ^ "In Depth | ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter". NASA Solar System Exploration. Retrieved 22 June 2019.
459. ^ "OSIRIS-REx". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
460. ^ "In Depth | OSIRIS-REx". NASA Solar System Exploration. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
461. ^ "InSight". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
462. ^ "In Depth | InSight". NASA Solar System Exploration. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
463. ^ "Queqiao". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
464. ^ "Parker Solar Probe". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
465. ^ "In Depth | Parker Solar Probe". NASA Solar System Exploration. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
466. ^ "BepiColombo". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
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468. ^ "Chang'e 4". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
469. ^ "In Depth | Chang'e 4". NASA Solar System Exploration. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
470. ^ "Beresheet". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
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472. ^ "Chandrayaan 2". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 7 September 2019.
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478. ^ "Tianwen 1". nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
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## External links

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