Timeline of Stuttgart

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Stuttgart, Germany.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

## Prior to 14th century

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Modern history| since 1990

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* 1st C. CE - Roman fort established (Bad Cannstatt).
* 950 CE - Old Castle built.
* 1240 - Stiftskirche built.
* 1300 - Counts of Württemberg establish residence (approximate date).

## 14th-18th century

[edit]

Map of Stuttgart, 1794

* 1321 - City status granted.
* 1392 - Eberhard II, Count of Württemberg (1315–1392) dies in Stuttgart.
* 1486 - Printing press in operation.[1]
* 1493 - Spitalkirche built.[2]
* 1495 - Stuttgart becomes capital of Wurttemberg.
* 1570 - Old Palace built.[2]
* 1626 - Hoppenlaufriedhof [de] (cemetery) in use.
* 1686 - Gymnasium illustre (school) established.
* 1769 - Castle Solitude built outside city.
* 1775 - Karlsschule relocates to Stuttgart.
* 1795 - Population: 19,510.[3][4]

## 19th century

[edit]

* 1803 - City becomes capital of the Electorate of Württemberg.[citation needed]
* 1807
* New Palace built.[4]
* Schlossplatz opens.[4]
* 1808 - Schloss-Garten laid out in Neckar-Strasse.[5]
* 1810 - Royal Library founded by Frederick I of Württemberg.[citation needed]
* 1811 - Stuttgart Cathedral rebuilding completed.
* 1820 - Willibald Feuerlein [de] becomes mayor.
* 1824 - Stuttgarter Liederkranz (singing society) founded.
* 1826 - Natural history museum opens.[6]
* 1827 - Katharinenhospital Stuttgart [de] built.
* 1829 - University of Stuttgart founded.
* 1830 - Rosenstein Palace completed.
* 1832 - Winterschule für Bauhandwerker (trade school) founded.[7]
* 1833 - Georg Gottlob von Gutbrod [de] becomes mayor.
* 1839 - Schiller memorial erected in Schillerplatz.
* 1840 - Wilhelm Palais built.
* 1841
* Schlossplatz column erected.[4]
* Hospitalkirche restored.[4]
* Population: 42,217.[3]
* 1842 - Olgahospital [de] founded.
* 1843 - Staatsgalerie Stuttgart (art museum) opens.
* 1846
* Railway station opens.
* Wilhelma garden established.[8]
* 1848 - Stuttgart-Heilbronn railway begins operating.
* 1849 - Rump parliament held.[4]
* 1857
* Stuttgart Music School founded.
* Hotel Marquardt in business.[9]
* Ploucquet's Museum opens.[10]
* 1860
* Königsbau constructed on the Schlossplatz.[11]
* Population: 61,314.[3]
* 1861 - Stuttgart Synagogue [de] built.[5]
* 1862 - Heinrich von Sick [de] becomes mayor.
* 1864 - Kultur- und Kongresszentrum Liederhalle [de] (concert hall) built.
* 1865 - Polytechnic School built in Stadtgarten-Platz.[5]
* 1869 - Württemberg State Museum founded.
* 1870 - Architectural school built.[5]
* 1871
* City becomes part of the German Empire.
* Tiergarten Nill [de] zoo in business.[12][13]
* 1872
* Black Forest Railway (Württemberg) in operation.
* Theophil Friedrich von Hack [de] becomes mayor.
* Stuttgarter Hofbräu brewery in business.
* 1873 - Pragfriedhof [de] (cemetery) established.[citation needed]
* 1875
* Martin's "Museum of the Primeval World" opens.[12]
* Marienkirche built.[5]
* 1876 - Johanneskirche built.
* 1880
* Wilhelma park opens to the public.[14]
* Law Courts built.[5]
* Population: 117,303.[3]
* 1881 - Breuninger retailer in business.
* Gewerbehalle built in Kriegsberg-Strasse.[5]
* 1888 - Dinkelacker brewery in business.
* 1889 - Stuttgart Swimming Baths built.[5]
* 1890 - Population: 139,817.[3]
* 1892 - Socialist women's newspaper Die Gleichheit in publication in Stuttgart.[15]
* 1893 - Emil von Rümelin [de] becomes mayor.
* 1894 - Hotel Victoria (Stuttgart) [de] in business.
* 1895 - Kriegsberg Tower, Landesgewerbe-Museum (industrial museum), and Königin-Olga-Bau[5] constructed.
* 1899 - Heinrich von Gauss [de] becomes mayor.
* 1900
* German Peace Society headquartered in city.[16]
* Friedrichsbau theatre opens.[citation needed]
* Stuttgarter Hymnus-Chorknaben (boys' choir) founded.
* Population: 176,699.[17]

## 20th century

[edit]

### 1900s-1945

[edit]

* 1901 - City public library established.[citation needed]
* 1903 - Solituderennen motorsport events begin.
* 1905
* Cannstatt and Untertürkheim become part of city.
* Population:249,443.[4]
* 1907 - International Socialist Congress held in Stuttgart.
* 1908
* Degerloch becomes part of city.
* Cavalry barracks built.
* 1910
* Markthalle Stuttgart [de] built.
* Population: 286,218.[18]
* 1911
* Linden Museum established.
* Karl Lautenschlager [de] becomes mayor.
* 1912
* Verein für Bewegungsspiele Stuttgart (football club) formed.
* Königliche Hoftheater and Stuttgart-Degerloch water tower built.
* 1913 - Waldfriedhof Stuttgart [de] (cemetery) established.[citation needed]
* 1915 - Böblingen Airport begins operating.
* 1916 - Stuttgart Open tennis tournament begins.
* 1918
* City becomes capital of Free People's State of Württemberg.
* Schlossplatz opens to the public.
* 1919 - Population: 309,197.[19]
* 1922
* Botnang becomes part of city.
* Stuttgart Central Station rebuilt.
* Stuttgart Observatory active.
* 1924 - Stuttgarter Philharmoniker (orchestra) formed.[20]
* 1927
* Weissenhof Estate built.
* Flandern military training ground active.
* 1928 - Tagblatt-Turm and Schocken Department Store built.
* 1931
* Rotenberg and Zuffenhausen become part of city.
* Ferdinand Porsche in business.[21]
* 1933
* Feuerbach and Weilimdorf become part of city.
* Karl Strölin becomes mayor.
* Adolf-Hitler-Kampfbahn (stadium) built.
* 1935 - Max-Eyth-See (artificial lake) created.
* 1937 - Kurmärker Kaserne (military barracks) built.
* 1938
* Helenen Kaserne (military barracks) established.
* Coat of arms of Stuttgart [de] redesign adopted.
* 1939
* Stuttgart Airport built.
* Horticultural exhibition held in Killesbergpark.
* Deportation of Jews begins.
* 1940
* Robert-Bosch-Hospital opens.
* August 25: Aerial bombing by Allied forces begins.
* 1942
* Plieningen and Stammheim (Stuttgart) [de] become part of city.
* November 22: Aerial bombing.
* 1943
* March 11: Aerial bombing.
* April 15: Aerial bombing.
* September 6: Aerial bombing.
* October 8: Aerial bombing.
* November 26: Aerial bombing.
* 1944
* February 21: Aerial bombing.
* March 2: Aerial bombing.
* March 15: Aerial bombing.
* July: Aerial bombing.
* September: Aerial bombing.
* October 19: Aerial bombing.
* November 5: Aerial bombing.
* December 9: Aerial bombing.
* 1945
* January 28: Aerial bombing.
* April 21: Allied ground forces take city; military occupation begins.
* December 5: United States Army occupies Kelley Barracks.
* Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra and Volkstheater founded.
* Arnulf Klett becomes mayor.

### 1946-1990s

[edit]

* 1946 - Südfunk-Chor Stuttgart (choir) formed.
* 1947 - Alte Staatsgalerie rebuilt.
* 1948 - Bölkow aircraft manufactory in business.
* 1952 - City becomes part of newly formed state of Baden-Württemberg.
* 1953 - Landesarboretum Baden-Württemberg established.
* 1954
* Bodensee-Wasserversorgung [de] (water supply organization) founded.[22]
* State Museum of Natural History exhibits open in Rosenstein Castle.[6]
* 1956 - Fernsehturm Stuttgart commissioned.
* 1957 - Birkenkopf enlarged.
* 1961 - City hosts Bundesgartenschau (national horticulture biennial).[23]
* 1964
* Stammheim Prison commissioned.
* New Palace reconstructed.
* 1965
* Wilhelm Palais reconstructed.
* Railway Vehicle Preservation Company founded.
* 1966 - Funkturm Stuttgart and Versatel building constructed.
* 1967 - United States European Command headquarters relocates to Stuttgart.
* 1969 - Old Castle renovated.
* 1970 - Württembergische Landesbibliothek (state library) building opens.
* 1971 - Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group in business.[24]
* 1972 - Hannibal housing development and Fernmeldeturm constructed.
* 1973 - Stuttgart (region) (Regierungsbezirk) established.[citation needed]
* 1974 - Manfred Rommel becomes mayor.
* 1975
* Trial of Red Army Faction members held in Stammheim Prison.
* Stuttgart-Möhringen directional radio tower built.
* 1976
* Porsche Museum opens.
* Kickers-Stadium renovated.
* 1978
* Stuttgart S-Bahn begins operating.
* Künstlerhaus Stuttgart [de] founded.[25]
* Roman Catholic Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart active.[26]
* 1981 - Internationale Bachakademie Stuttgart founded.
* 1982 - Trickfilmfestival Stuttgart [de] begins.
* 1983 - Hanns-Martin-Schleyer-Halle built.
* 1984
* Neue Staatsgalerie (art museum) opens.
* Theaterhaus Stuttgart founded.
* 1987 - Sparkassen Cup track and field competition begins.
* 1988
* Schwanenbrau Cup cycling race begins.
* May: 1988 European Cup Final held.
* 1994 - Stuttgart Region (metropolitan area)[citation needed] and Regionalversammlung des Verbands Region Stuttgart [de] (regional governance entity) established.
* 1997 - Wolfgang Schuster becomes mayor.
* 2000 - Observation tower built in Killesbergpark.

## 21st century

[edit]

* 2005 - Kunstmuseum Stuttgart opens.
* 2006 - Mercedes-Benz Museum opens.
* 2007
* Messe Stuttgart (exhibition centre) built.
* United States Africa Command headquartered in Stuttgart.
* 2011
* May: Trial of Rwandan military leader Ignace Murwanashyaka begins at the Oberlandesgericht Stuttgart [de].
* Population: 613,392.
* 2013 - Fritz Kuhn becomes mayor.[27]

## See also

[edit]

* Stuttgart history
* List of districts of Stuttgart [de]
* List of mayors of Stuttgart [de]

Other cities in the state of Baden-Württemberg:(de)

* Timeline of Mannheim

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Henri Bouchot (1890). "Topographical index of the principal towns where early printing presses were established". In H. Grevel (ed.). The book: its printers, illustrators, and binders, from Gutenberg to the present time. London: H. Grevel & Co.
2. ^ a b "Stuttgart", Southern Germany and Austria (2nd ed.), Coblenz: Karl Baedeker, 1871, OCLC 4090237
3. ^ a b c d e Brockhaus 1896.
4. ^ a b c d e f g Britannica 1910.
5. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Stuttgart", Southern Germany, including Wurtemberg and Bavaria (8th ed.), Leipzig: K. Baedeker, 1895
6. ^ a b "Von der herzoglich-württembergischen Kunstkammer zum Staatlichen Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart" (in German). Staatliche Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
7. ^ "Hochschule für Technik Stuttgart" (in German). Retrieved January 5, 2013.
8. ^ "Garden Search: Germany". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
9. ^ Bogen 2012.
10. ^ J.W. v. Muller (1858). "Das zoologische Museum von Ploucquet, Präparator am k. Naturalienkabinet in Stuttgart". Journal für Ornithologie (in German). 6: 74–75\. doi:10.1007/bf02018759. S2CID 43324182.
11. ^ W. Pembroke Fetridge (1881), "Stuttgart", Harper's Hand-book for Travellers in Europe and the East, New York: Harper & Brothers
12. ^ a b Lynn K. Nyhart (2009), Modern nature: the rise of the biological perspective in Germany, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 9780226610894, OL 16943386M, 0226610896
13. ^ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). "Zoos and Aquariums of the World (chronological list)". Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
14. ^ "History of Wilhelma". Wilhelma, der zoologisch-botanische Garten Stuttgart. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
15. ^ Steven Anzovin and Janet Podell, ed. (2000). Famous First Facts. H.W. Wilson Co. ISBN 0824209583.
16. ^ Roger Philip Chickering (1969). "Peace Movement and the Religious Community in Germany, 1900-1914". Church History. 38 (3): 300–311\. doi:10.2307/3163154. JSTOR 3163154. S2CID 162278135.
17. ^ "Germany". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1904. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368424.
18. ^ "Germany". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1915. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368358.
19. ^ "Germany: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via Hathi Trust.
20. ^ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 20th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
21. ^ "History". Porsche Cars Great Britain Ltd. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
22. ^ Ursula Heinzelmann (2008). "Timeline". Food Culture in Germany. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-34495-4.
23. ^ "Bisherige Gartenschauen" [Previous Garden Shows] (in German). Bonn: Deutsche Bundesgartenschau-Gesellschaft. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
24. ^ Mary H. Munroe (2004). "Holtzbrinck Timeline". The Academic Publishing Industry: A Story of Merger and Acquisition. Archived from the original on 2014-10-20 – via Northern Illinois University.
25. ^ "Germany". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
26. ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 June 2015.
27. ^ "Fritz Kuhn ... darf ab Montag Stuttgart regieren". Rheinische Post (in German). January 5, 2013.

This article incorporates information from the German Wikipedia.

## Bibliography

[edit]

### in English

[edit]

* "Stuttgart", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Switzerland, Italy, France, Belgium, Holland, the United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, &c (9th ed.), Berlin: J.H. Herz, 1908, OCLC 36795367
* "Stuttgart" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 1054–1055.
* Nathaniel Newnham Davis (1911), "Stuttgart", The Gourmet's Guide to Europe (3rd ed.), London: Grant Richards
* "Stuttgart", Southern Germany (Wurtemberg and Bavaria) (12th ed.), Leipzig: K. Baedeker, 1914, OCLC 2011248
* John M. Jeep, ed. (2001). "Stuttgart". Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia. Garland Publishing. ISBN 0-8240-7644-3.

### in German

[edit]

* Wilhelm Heinrich Theodor Plieninger (1834). Beschreibung von Stuttgart (in German). Stuttgart: Hoffmann.
* August Zoller (1841). Stuttgart und seine Umgebungen (in German). Stuttgart: F.H. Kohler.
* Julius Hartmann (1886). Chronik der Stadt Stuttgart (in German). Stuttgart: Greiner & Pfeiffer.
* "Stuttgart". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1896. hdl:2027/njp.32101064064528.
* P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Stuttgart". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
* Stuttgart [Chronicles of the German Cities]. Die Chroniken der Deutschen Städte (in German). Vol. 33–36\. Leipzig: S. Hirzel. 1928–1931.
* Wolfgang Adam; Siegrid Westphal, eds. (2012). "Stuttgart". Handbuch kultureller Zentren der Frühen Neuzeit: Städte und Residenzen im alten deutschen Sprachraum (in German). De Gruyter. pp. 1877+. ISBN 978-3-11-029555-9.
* Uwe Bogen; Thomas Wagner (2012). Stuttgart: Eine Stadt verändert ihr Gesicht (in German). Sutton Verlag.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of Stuttgart.

* "Stuttgarter Stadtgeschichte im Überblick" [Stuttgart city history at a glance]. Stadtgeschichte (city history) (in German). Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart.
* Links to fulltext city directories for Stuttgart via Wikisource

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