Timeline of Surabaya

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Surabaya, Indonesia.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

## Prior to 19th century

[edit]

* 1037 – An inscription mentioned Airlangga having built dams on the Brantas River and developed the port of Hujung Galuh, which is located on or near present-day Surabaya.[1]
* 1275 – According to some accounts, Surabaya was founded by Kertanegara of Singhasari.[2]
* 31 May 1293 – Raden Wijaya and his Javanese army defeated Mongol soldiers in a battle, with the date celebrated as the city's anniversary.[2]
* 1614–1625 – Mataram conquest of Surabaya, which culminated in the surrender of the city to the Mataram Sultanate.[3]
* 1617 – The Dutch East India Company established a lodge in Surabaya.[4]
* 4–13 May 1677 – Dutch forces took the city during the Trunajaya rebellion.[5]
* 1717–1723 – Surabaya rebelled against the VOC.[6]
* July 1741 – Chinese residents of the city were massacred during a wave of violence against ethnic Chinese following the 1740 Batavia massacre.[7]
* 1743 – A Dutch settlement was established in Surabaya.[8]

## 19th century

[edit]

* 1808 – Governor-General Herman Willem Daendels established the Constructie Winkel \- an arms factory that precedes modern-day Pindad \- in Surabaya.[9]
* 22 March 1822 – The old building of the Church of the Birth of Our Lady, Surabaya was consecrated.[10]
* 1836 – The Soerabaijasch Advertentieblad, the first newspaper in Surabaya, began publication.[11]
* 1845 – Dutch authorities completed the construction of the Prins Hendrik Fort, meant to fortify the city.[12]
* 1871 – Surabaya's city walls were demolished to make way for the city's growth.[4]
* 1878 – The city's first railway, a 115 kilometres (71 mi) track connecting it to Pasuruan, was opened.[13]
* 1889–1891 – During this period, steam trams were introduced to Surabaya.[14]
* 1895
* The Prins Hendrik Fort was dismantled.[12]
* Students from the Hoogere Burger School established Victoria, the first football club in the city.[15]

## 20th century

[edit]

### 1900s-1930s

[edit]

* 5 August 1900 – The present building of the Church of the Birth of Our Lady, Surabaya completed construction.[10]
* 1 April 1906 – Surabaya's city council was established, composed of 15 Europeans, 3 natives, and 3 Chinese/Arabs.[16]
* 1910 – Work began on the construction of a modern port at Tanjung Perak.[17]
* 1913 – The Nederlandsch-Indische Artsen School/NIAS (Surabaya Medical college) was founded.[18]
* 31 August 1916 – The Surabaya Zoo was first founded as the Soerabaiasche Planten-en Dierentuin.[19]
* 1917 – The Indies Social Democratic Association (ISDV) organized sailors and soldiers into "soviets" mimicking the Russian Revolution, though the movement was suppressed in the following years.[20]
* 1925
* Morokrembangan Naval Air Base, a Dutch Air Base, was established.[21]
* September–December – Extensive strikes in Surabaya's engineering companies, culminating with the banning of Surabaya's railway workers' union.[22]
* 18 June 1927 – The Soerabajasche Indonesische Voetbalbond (today Persebaya) was established.[15]
* 1930 – Surabaya's population was recorded to be 341,700.[23]

### 1940s

[edit]

Revolutionary leader Sutomo, in Surabaya

* 1942
* 3 February – First Japanese air strike against the city.[24]
* 18 February – Dutch coastal defense ship HNLMS Soerabaja and submarine HNLMS K VII were sunk by Japanese bombers in Surabaya harbor.[25]
* 1 March – The Imperial Japanese Army--the 48th Division and part of the 156th Mixed Infantry Brigade--invaded East Java, with Surabaya as the primary objective. The Dutch surrender was signed before fighting occurred in the city.[24]
* 17 May 1944 – Operation Transom – American and British bombers raided Surabaya.[26]
* 1945
* 17 August – Immediately following the proclamation of Indonesian independence, the Japanese occupation government handed over the governing of the city to Indonesians, with Radjamin Nasution becoming the city's first Indonesian mayor.[27]
* 19 September – The "Flag Incident" or "Yamato Hotel Incident": Indonesian nationalist youths tore off the blue portion of the Dutch flag flown by the Yamato Hotel, changing it to the Indonesian flag.[28]
* 3 October – Vice Admiral Shibata Yaichiro, the most senior Japanese commander in Surabaya, surrendered to allied representatives.[29]
* 30 October – British Indian Army officer Aubertin Walter Sothern Mallaby was killed in his car.[28]
* 10 November – British forces attacked the city supported by naval and aerial bombardment, in what is today commemorated in Indonesia as Heroes' Day.[30]
* 1 July 1949 – Jawa Pos began publication in Surabaya.[31]

### 1950s-1990s

[edit]

* 10 November 1954 – The Airlangga University was established.[32]
* 10 November 1957 – The Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology was inaugurated by Sukarno.[33]
* 4 April 1960 – The Morokrembangan Aviation Base was reinaugurated as the Morokrembangan Naval Air Base.[34]
* 19 December 1964 – IKIP Surabaya (today State University of Surabaya) was established.[35]
* 1965
* 16 October – Following the 30 September Movement, organized attacks began on the Indonesian Communist Party members and locations in Surabaya.[36]
* 29 October – Communist-affiliated mayor Moerachman was removed from his post and replaced by local army district commander Soekotjo Sastrodinoto.[37]
* 26 August–6 September 1969 – The 7th Pekan Olahraga Nasional was held in Surabaya.[38]
* 1979 – Moehadji Widjaja was elected mayor.[39]
* 1984 – Poernomo Kasidi was elected mayor.[39]
* 1986
* The first Tunjungan Plaza was opened.[40]
* The Surabaya–Gempol Toll Road was opened.[41]
* 16 June 1989 – The Surabaya Stock Exchange was established.[42]
* 24 August 1990 - SCTV, Indonesia's second private television network, began airing from Surabaya.[43]
* 1993 – The Surabaya–Gresik Toll Road began operations.[44]
* 1994
* The Surabaya Stock Exchange began operations.[42]
* Soenarto Soemoprawiro was elected mayor.[39]

## 21st century

[edit]

### 2000s

[edit]

* 2000
* Surabaya's population was recorded during the 2000 census to be 2,610,519.[45]
* 19–30 June – The 15th Pekan Olahraga Nasional was held in Surabaya.[46]
* 10 November – The Al-Akbar Mosque was inaugurated.[47]
* 16 January 2002 – Sunarto Sumoprawiro was removed from his position and was replaced by his deputy, Bambang Dwi Hartono.[48]
* 27 June 2005 – First direct mayoral election for the city resulted in Bambang Dwi Hartono's continuation as mayor.[49]
* 10 June 2009 – The Suramadu Bridge, connecting Surabaya and the island of Madura, was opened.[50]

### 2010s

[edit]

A bombed church in Surabaya, 2018

* 2010
* Surabaya's population was recorded during the 2010 census to be 2,765,487.[51]
* 6 August – The Gelora Bung Tomo Stadium was opened.[52]
* 28 September – Tri Rismaharini becomes mayor of Surabaya.[53]
* 2012
* Surabaya's population was recorded 3,110,187 by Municipality of Surabaya.[54]
* 2015
* Tri Rismaharini was reelected as mayor with a landslide victory.[55]
* 2018
* 13–14 May – A series of suicide bombings attacking churches and a police station kills 28 people (including 13 attackers) and injures 57.[56]
* 20 December – President Joko Widodo inaugurates final segments of the Trans-Java Toll Road, fully connecting Jakarta and Surabaya.[57]
* 2021
* 26 February – Eri Cahyadi becomes mayor of Surabaya.[58]

## References

[edit]

### Citations

[edit]

1. ^ Munoz, Paul Michel (2006). Early Kingdoms of the Indonesian Archipelago and the Malay Peninsula. Continental Sales, Incorporated. p. 246\. ISBN 9789814155670.
2. ^ a b Graf, Arndt; Chua, Beng Huat (2008). Port Cities in Asia and Europe. Routledge. ISBN 9781135784782.
3. ^ Ali, Ahmad Saiful (1994). EKSPANSI MATARAM TERHADAP SURABAYA ABAD KE 17 (Thesis) [Mataram expansion against Surabaya in the 17th century] (undergraduate) (in Indonesian). UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya.
4. ^ a b Kwanda 2012, p. 6.
5. ^ Ricklefs 1993b, pp. 34–40.
6. ^ Ricklefs 1993, p. 87.
7. ^ Setiono, Benny G. (2008). Tionghoa Dalam Pusaran Politik (in Indonesian). TransMedia. p. 147\. ISBN 9789797990527.
8. ^ Kwanda 2012, p. 7.
9. ^ "Perjalanan Panjang PT. Pindad". detikfinance (in Indonesian). 16 August 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
10. ^ a b Siahaan, Daniel (15 September 2007). "Gereja Kelahiran Santa Perawan Maria: Gereja Tertua di Surabaya". Reformata (in Indonesian). No. 67\. Yayasan Pelayanan Media Antiokhia (YAPAMA). p. 30. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
11. ^ Bosma, Ulbe; Raben, Remco (2008). Being "Dutch" in the Indies: A History of Creolisation and Empire, 1500-1920. NUS Press. p. 205\. ISBN 9789971693732.
12. ^ a b Kwanda 2012, p. 9.
13. ^ Prathivi, Niken (6 October 2013). "Trip to the past: The History of Indonesian Railways". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
14. ^ Cars, Conduits, and Kampongs: The Modernization of the Indonesian City, 1920-1960. BRILL. 2014. p. 258\. ISBN 9789004280724.
15. ^ a b Wirayudha, Randy (29 September 2018). "Surabaya dan Sepakbolanya". Historia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 6 March 2019.
16. ^ Budianta, Melani; Budiman, Manneke; Kusno, Abidin; Moriyama, Mikihiro (2017). Cultural Dynamics in a Globalized World: Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, Depok, Indonesia, November 7-9, 2016: Topics in Arts and Humanities. CRC Press. ISBN 9781351846608.
17. ^ "The Study for Development of the Greater Surabaya Metropolitan Ports in the Republic of Indonesia" (PDF). pp. 3–18. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
18. ^ Pols, Hans (2018). Nurturing Indonesia: Medicine and Decolonisation in the Dutch East Indies. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108614122.
19. ^ ""Bidan" di Kebun Binatang Surabaya". KOMPAS (in Indonesian). 9 January 2012.
20. ^ Ricklefs 1993, p. 174.
21. ^ "Doek valt voor Marineluchtvaartdienst". www.maritiemnederland.com (in Dutch). 7 December 2007.
22. ^ Ingleson 2008, p. 33.
23. ^ Ingleson, John (2014). Workers, Unions and Politics: Indonesia in the 1920s and 1930s. BRILL. p. 12\. ISBN 9789004264762.
24. ^ a b Hackett, Bob. "Surabaya, Java Naval Base, Oil Fields and Refineries Under Imperial Japanese Navy Control". combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
25. ^ "Dutch East Indies Campaign, Java". World War II Database. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
26. ^ "Liaison Report: Operation Transom". Armoured Aircraft Carriers in World War II. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
27. ^ Batubara, Dahlan (24 May 2022). "Dr. Radjamin Nasution Walikota Pertama Surabaya". Mandailing Online (in Indonesian). Retrieved 18 April 2023.
28. ^ a b Legêne, Susan (October 2014). "Mallaby's car: colonial subjects, imperial actors, and the representation of human suffering in postcolonial exhibitions". Open Arts Journal (3). doi:10.5456/issn.2050-3679/2014s16sl.
29. ^ Ricklefs 1993, p. 217.
30. ^ "The untold story of the Surabaya battle of 1945". The Jakarta Post. 12 November 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
31. ^ "About Us". Jawa Pos. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
32. ^ "About Universitas Airlangga". QS Subject Focus. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
33. ^ "Fakta dan Sejarah" (in Indonesian). ITS. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
34. ^ "Sejarah Bandara Juanda, Ternyata Dahulu Letaknya Ada di Krembangan Bukan di Waru". Tribun Jatim (in Indonesian). 7 March 2017. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
35. ^ "Tentang Unesa" (in Indonesian). State University of Surabaya. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
36. ^ Aryono (23 October 2017). "Penumpasan PKI di Surabaya" (in Indonesian). Historia.
37. ^ Hearman, Vanessa (15 August 2018). Unmarked Graves: Death and Survival in the Anti-Communist Violence in East Java, Indonesia. NUS Press. p. 83\. ISBN 978-981-4722-94-0.
38. ^ Buku kenang2an PON VII, 26 Agustus-6 September 1969 di Surabaja (in Indonesian). Panitya Besar PON VII, Seksi Dokumentasi. 1972.
39. ^ a b c Widodo, Dukut Imam (2002). Soerabaia tempo doeloe (in Indonesian). Dinas Pariwisata, Kota Surabaya. p. 490.
40. ^ "Tunjungan Plaza Shopping Mall". surabayatravel.com. 3 March 2015.
41. ^ Wibowo, Andreas (2005). Private Participation in Transport: Case of Indonesia's Build, Operate, Transfer (BOT) Toll Roads. Univerlagtuberlin. p. 4\. ISBN 9783798319790.
42. ^ a b Tan, Chwee Huat (2000). Financial Sourcebook For Southeast Asia And Hong Kong. World Scientific. p. 474\. ISBN 9789814493543.
43. ^ Armando, Ade (2011). Televisi Jakarta di atas Indonesia: Kisah Kegagalan Sistem Televisi Berjaringan Di Indonesia (in Indonesian). Bentang Pustaka. p. 117\. ISBN 978-602-8811-35-4.
44. ^ Sihombing, Martin (17 December 2014). "Tarif Tol Surabaya - Gresik Bakal Naik". Bisnis.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 7 March 2019.
45. ^ "PENDUDUK JAWA TIMUR HASIL SENSUS PENDUDUK TAHUN 2000". Statistics Indonesia. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
46. ^ Pedoman penyelenggaraan PON XV-2000, Jawa Timur, tanggal 19-30 Juni 2000, [Surabaya] (in Indonesian). 2000.
47. ^ "Masjid Nasional Al Akbar". duniamasjid.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 1 January 2013.
48. ^ "Wali Kota Surabaya Sunarto Dipecat". liputan6.com (in Indonesian). 16 January 2002. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
49. ^ "KPUD Tetapkan Bambang Wali Kota Surabaya". Tempo (in Indonesian). 7 July 2005. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
50. ^ "Feature: Suramadu Bridge showcases mutually beneficial cooperation between China, Indonesia". Xinhua. 6 May 2018. Archived from the original on May 6, 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
51. ^ "Banyaknya Penduduk Menurut Jenis Kelamin dan Kelompok Umur Kota Surabaya Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2010" (in Indonesian). Statistics Indonesia.
52. ^ "Stadion Gelora Bung Tomo Akan Dipercantik". Warta Kota (in Indonesian). 11 December 2018. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
53. ^ "Hari Ini Risma dan Bambang Dilantik". KOMPAS (in Indonesian). 28 September 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
54. ^ surabaya.go.id, Pemerintah Kota Surabaya. "Demografi Kota Surabaya". www.surabaya.go.id (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2019-04-01. Retrieved 2019-04-01.
55. ^ "Incumbents, former leaders remain too strong for newbies". The Jakarta Post. 10 December 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
56. ^ Sarwanto, Abi (14 May 2018). "Korban Tewas Teror Bom Surabaya 28 Orang, 57 Luka". CNN Indonesia. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
57. ^ "Hari Ini, Jalan Tol Jakarta-Surabaya Akhirnya Tersambung". KOMPAS (in Indonesian). 20 December 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2019.
58. ^ "Eri Cahyadi Dilantik Jadi Walkot Surabaya, Pengamat: Dia Digadang-gadang Seperti Risma..." KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). 26 February 2021. Retrieved 18 April 2023.

### Sources

[edit]

* Kwanda, Timoticin (2012). "The Morphological Framework of the Chinese and the European Districts in Surabaya, 1787-2005" (PDF). DIMENSI (Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur). 38 (1): 1–14. doi:10.9744/dimensi.38.1.1-14.
* Ingleson, John (2008). "Sutomo, the Indonesian Study Club and Organised Labour in Late Colonial Surabaya". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 39 (1): 31–57. doi:10.1017/S0022463408000027. ISSN 0022-4634. JSTOR 20071869. S2CID 145337569.
* Ricklefs, Merle Calvin (1993). A History of Modern Indonesia since c-1300. Macmillan International Higher Education. p. 87\. ISBN 9781349227006.
* Ricklefs, Merle Calvin (1993b). War, Culture and Economy in Java, 1677-1726: Asian and European Imperialism in the Early Kartasura Period. Asian Studies Association of Australia. ISBN 9781863733809.

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