Timeline of motor and engine technology

* (c. 30–70 AD) – Hero of Alexandria describes the first documented steam-powered device, the aeolipile.[1]
* 13th century – Chinese chronicles wrote about a solid-rocket motor used in warfare.
* 1698 – Thomas Savery builds a steam-powered water pump for pumping water out of mines.[2]
* 1712 – Thomas Newcomen builds a piston-and-cylinder steam-powered water pump for pumping water out of mines.[3]
* 1769 – James Watt patents his first improved steam engine.[4]

## 19th Century

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* 1806 – François Isaac de Rivaz invented a hydrogen powered engine, the first successful internal combustion engine.
* 1807 – Nicéphore Niépce and his brother Claude build a fluid piston internal combustion engine, the Pyréolophore and use it to power a boat up the river Saône.
* 1816 – Robert Stirling invented his hot air Stirling engine, and what we now call a "regenerator".[5][6]
* 1821 – Michael Faraday builds an electricity-powered motor.
* 1824 – Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot first publishes that the efficiency of a heat engine depends on the temperature difference between an engine and its environment.
* 1837 – First American patent for an electric motor (U.S. patent 132).
* 1850 – The first explicit statement of the first and second law of thermodynamics, given by Rudolf Clausius.[7]
* 1860 – Lenoir 2 cycle engine[8]
* 1872 – Brayton Engine
* 1877 – Nicolaus Otto patents a four-stroke internal combustion engine (U.S. patent 194,047).[9]
* 1882 – James Atkinson invents the Atkinson cycle engine, now common in some hybrid vehicles.
* 1885 – Gottlieb Daimler patents the first supercharger.
* 1886 – Hot-bulb engine was established by Herbert Akroyd Stuart, Gottlieb Daimler invents the Petrol engine.[10]
* 1888 – An AC induction motor is featured in a paper published by Galileo Ferraris and is patented in the U.S. by Nikola Tesla.[11]
* 1892 – Rudolf Diesel patents the Diesel engine (U.S. patent 608,845).[12]
* 1899 – Ferdinand Porsche creates the Lohner–Porsche, the first hybrid vehicle.

## 20th Century

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First ion engine, NASA, 1964

* 1903 – The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices was published by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
* 1905 – Alfred Büchi patents the turbocharger.[13]
* 1913 – René Lorin invents the ramjet.[14]
* 1915 – Leonard Dyer invents a six-stroke engine, now known as the Crower six-stroke engine named after his reinventor Bruce Crower.
* 1926 – Robert H. Goddard launched the first liquid-fueled rocket.[15][16]
* 1929 – Felix Wankel patents the Wankel rotary engine (U.S. patent 2,988,008).[17]
* Late 1930s – Hans von Ohain[18] and Frank Whittle[19] separately build pioneering gas turbine engines intended for aircraft propulsion, leading to the pioneering turbojet powered flights in 1939 Germany and 1941 England.
* 1939 – The BMW company's BMW 801 aviation radial engine pioneers the use of an early form of an engine control unit, the Kommandogerät.
* 1940s – Ralph Miller patents his Miller cycle engine.
* 1954 – Felix Wankel creates the first working Wankel engine.[20]
* 1957 – Rambler Rebel announced Electrojector electronic fuel injection option, however no production models were offered with the option.
* 1964 – Ion engine invented.[21]
* 1966 – RD-0410 nuclear thermal rocket engine was ground-tested.
* 1960s – alternators replace generators on automobile engines.[22]
* 1970s – electronically controlled ignition appears in automobile engines.
* 1975 – Catalytic converters are first widely introduced on production automobiles in the US to comply with tightening EPA regulations on auto exhaust.
* 1980s – electronically controlled ignition improved to reduce pollution.
* 1980s – electronic fuel injection appears on gasoline automobile engines.
* 1989 – The Bajulaz Six-Stroke Engine was invented by the Bajulaz S A company, based in Geneva, Switzerland; it has U.S. patent 4,809,511 and U.S. patent 4,513,568.
* 1990s – Hybrid vehicles that run on an internal combustion engine (ICE) and an electric motor charged by regenerative braking.

## See also

[edit]

* Timeline of heat engine technology for a view of the human understanding of the interchangeability of work and heat.

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Aeolipile | Steam Turbine, Invention & Usage | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
2. ^ Dickinson, Henry Winram (1963). a short history of the steam engine. CUP Archive.
3. ^ "Thomas Newcomen | Biography, Steam Engine, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2024-08-01. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
4. ^ Dickinson, H. W. (2022-01-26). A Short History of the Steam Engine. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-429-75104-2.
5. ^ "Robert Stirling | Heat engine, Renewable energy, Air engine | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
6. ^ "Stirling engine". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
7. ^ "Rudolf Clausius | Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, Entropy | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
8. ^ "Étienne Lenoir | Internal Combustion Engine, Automobile, Gas Engine | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2024-07-31. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
9. ^ "Nikolaus Otto | Internal Combustion, Automobile Engines & Inventor | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2024-06-06. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
10. ^ "Gottlieb Daimler | Automotive Pioneer, Internal Combustion Engine & Industrialist | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
11. ^ Bill Drury, Control Techniques Drives and Controls Handbook, page xiv
12. ^ "How Rudolf Diesel's engine changed the world". BBC News. 2016-12-19. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
13. ^ "Turbochargers – USC Viterbi School of Engineering". illumin.usc.edu. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
14. ^ "Ramjet | Supersonic, Jet Engines, Propulsion | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2024-07-12. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
15. ^ "95 Years Ago: Goddard's First Liquid-Fueled Rocket - NASA". 2021-03-17. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
16. ^ seanm (2012-09-14). "Robert H. Goddard: American Rocket Pioneer". Smithsonian Institution Archives. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
17. ^ "Wankel engine | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
18. ^ "Jet Engines". cs.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
19. ^ "Sir Frank Whittle | Jet engine pioneer, RAF officer, engineer | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
20. ^ "Wankel rotary engine", World Encyclopedia, Philip's, 2004, doi:10.1093/acref/9780199546091.001.0001, ISBN 978-0-19-954609-1, retrieved 2024-08-02
21. ^ Webb-Mack, Zoë. "A Brief History of Ion Propulsion". NASA Solar System Exploration. Retrieved 2024-08-02.
22. ^ "Alternator | Generator, Voltage Regulator & AC Power | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2024-07-12. Retrieved 2024-08-02.