Timeline of the unification of Italy

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This is a timeline of the unification of Italy.

* 1849 – August 24: Venice falls to Austrian forces that have crushed the rebellion in Venetia
* 1858 – Meeting at Plombieres: Napoleon III and Cavour decide to stage a war with Austria, in return for Piedmont gaining Lombardy, Venetia, Parma and Modena, and France gaining Savoy and Nice.
* 1859 – November 4: Conte Camillo Benso di Cavour to Venetia
* July 11: Napoleon III meets with Franz Joseph (Austria) and backs out of the war. Among other land negotiations, Lombardy will be transferred to Sardinia
* November 10: Treaty of Zurich ends conflict in northern Italy for a time; Sardinia occupies some central Italian states
* December: Tuscany, Parma, Modena, and some other states join the United Provinces of Central Italy, and seek annexation by Sardinia
* 1860 – March 20: Sardinia annexes central Italian states by giving Nice and Savoy to the French, now only four states remain in Italy: Austrians in Venetia, the Papal States, the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
* February 18: Victor Emmanuel II assumes title of King of Italy with an Italian parliament under him
* May 6: Garibaldi and about a thousand Italian volunteers leave Genoa, and on
* May 11: land near Marsala on the west coast of Sicily
* May 14: After many victories, Garibaldi names himself dictator of Sicily
* May 27: With British help Garibaldi seizes capital of Palermo
* August 18: Basilicata is the first continental province to declare the fall of Francis II.[1]
* September 2: Garibaldi entered Basilicata through Rotonda, encountering no difficulty. The provincial government raised a "Lucanian brigade", which followed Garibaldi to Naples.[2]
* September 7: After victories throughout Sicily and Italian mainland, Garibaldi is welcomed into Naples.
* October : Victor Emmanuel II leads Sardinian forces through the Papal States south to meet Garibaldi in Naples, Garibaldi hands over his power to Victor Emmanuel II
* 1861
* March 17: Official Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
* June 6: Camillo di Cavour dies after seeing his life's work almost fulfilled, with only Venetia, and the Papal States not under Italian control
* 1862
* June: Being frustrated with inaction against the Papal States, Garibaldi sails from Genoa to Palermo to gather volunteers for a Rome expedition
* August 14: Garibaldi sails for Melito on the southern coast of Italy and vows to march to Rome
* August 28: Garibaldi meets government troops at Aspromonte, and is honorably imprisoned, with his army being disbanded, however Garibaldi is soon released
* 1864 – September 15: Victor Emmanuel II meets with Napoleon III at the September Convention, Napoleon III agrees to withdraw French troops from the Papal States within 2 years
* 1865 – Capital moves from Turin to Florence
* 1866 – June 20: Italy enters the Austro-Prussian war against Austria with Prussia promising Venetia if they win
* June 24: Italian forces under Victor Emmanuel II are defeated at Custoza
* July 21: Italian forces under Garibaldi are victorious against Austria at Bezzecca, and move forward into Venetia
* July 26: Prussia signs armistice with Austria
* August 12: Italy ends war with Austria after Prussia signs armistice
* October 12: Emperor Franz Joseph cedes Venetia to Napoleon III for not entering the war, who then cedes it to Italy
* 1867 – October: Garibaldi seeks Rome and Papal States but fails, revolutions inside Rome are also suppressed
* 1870 – July: With the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian war, Napoleon III calls back troops from Rome
* September 10: Victor Emmanuel II sends Count Ponza di San Martino with a letter to the Pope proposing a peaceful entrance of the Italian army into Rome, but the Pope rejects the letter and the Count leaves the next day
* September 11: Italian Army slowly advances toward Rome
* September 20: Italian army forcefully enters Rome with some casualties and, after a plebiscite, Rome is annexed by the Kingdom of Italy
* 1871 – June: The capital of the Kingdom of Italy is officially moved from Florence to Rome

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Tommaso Pedio, La Basilicata nel Risorgimento politico italiano (1700-1870), Potenza, 1962, p. 109
2. ^ George Macaulay Trevelyan, Garibaldi and the making of Italy, (June–November 1860), Longmans, Green, 1948, p.156

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Unification of Italy (Risorgimento)

Pre-unitary states|

* Kingdom of Sardinia (House of Savoy)
* Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
* Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia
* Papal States
* Grand Duchy of Tuscany
* Duchy of Parma
* Duchy of Modena and Reggio

Timeline|

* Rimini Proclamation
* Carbonari
* Revolutions during the 1820s
* Revolutions of 1830
* Young Italy
* Neo-Guelphism
* Revolutions of 1848
* Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states
* Republic of San Marco
* Roman Republic
* Quadrilatero
* First Italian War of Independence
* Five Days of Milan
* Sortie on Mestre
* Sicilian revolution of 1848
* Ten Days of Brescia
* Belfiore martyrs
* Crimean War
* Plombières Agreement
* Second Italian War of Independence
* United Provinces of Central Italy
* Expedition of the Thousand
* Dictatorship of Garibaldi
* Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy
* Brigandage in Southern Italy after 1861
* Roman Question
* Third Italian War of Independence
* Capture of Rome
* Law of Guarantees
* Italian entry into World War I
* Impresa di Fiume

Symbols|

* Cockade of Italy
* Flag of Italy

Main leaders|

* Massimo d'Azeglio
* Agostino Bertani
* Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour
* Celso Ceretti
* Federico Confalonieri
* Francesco Crispi
* Giuseppe Garibaldi
* Daniele Manin
* Giuseppe Mazzini
* Bettino Ricasoli
* Aurelio Saffi
* Annibale Santore di Santarosa
* Ruggero Settimo
* Victor Emmanuel II

Literature and philosophy|

* Giovanni Arrivabene
* Cesare Balbo
* Giosuè Carducci
* Carlo Cattaneo
* Felice Cavallotti
* Vincenzo Cuoco
* Giuseppe Ferrari
* Ugo Foscolo
* Vincenzo Gioberti
* Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi
* Giacomo Leopardi
* Francesco Lomonaco
* Goffredo Mameli
* Alessandro Manzoni
* Ippolito Nievo
* Silvio Pellico
* Carlo Pisacane
* Gian Domenico Romagnosi
* Antonio Rosmini
* Francesco Saverio Salfi

Opponents|

* Pope Pius IX
* Franz Joseph I of Austria
* Francis II of the Two Sicilies
* Klemens von Metternich
* Joseph Radetzky von Radetz

Museums|

* Museum of the Risorgimento (Bologna)
* Museum of the Risorgimento (Milan)
* Museum of the Risorgimento (Rome)
* Museum of the Risorgimento (Turin)
* Tricolour Flag Museum

National days|

* Anniversary of the Unification of Italy
* National Unity and Armed Forces Day

Other|

* Altare della Patria
* Italian irredentism
* Italian nationalism
* Redshirts
* Revisionism of Risorgimento
* Southern question
* Third Rome

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