Timeline of video formats

A video format is a medium for video recording and reproduction. The term is applied to both the physical recording media and the recording formats. Video is recorded and distributed using a variety of formats, some of which store additional information.[1][2]

## Timeline of video format developments

[edit]

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2022)

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Year  | Physical media formats  | Recording formats

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1889  | Film | A film strip An analogue medium that is used for recording motion pictures or animation. It is recorded on by a movie camera, developed, edited, and projected onto a screen using a movie projector. It is a strip or sheet of transparent plastic film base coated on one side with a gelatin emulsion containing microscopically small light-sensitive silver halide crystals.
1956  | Quadruplex videotape | A reel of 2-inch quadruplex videotape The first practical and commercially successful analogue recording video tape format, developed and released for the broadcast television industry by Ampex.
1971  | U-matic | A U-matic tape Analogue video format developed by Sony, among the first video formats to contain the videotape inside a cassette. Mainly saw use in the television broadcast industry.
1975  | Betamax | A Betamax tape Analogue video format developed by Sony. Inspired the later Betacam professional format.
1976  | Type B videotape | Type B videotape, one hour reel Reel-to-reel analogue recording video tape format developed by the Bosch Fernseh division of Bosch in Germany. It became the broadcasting standard in continental Europe, but adoption was limited in the United States and United Kingdom, where the Type C videotape format met with greater success.
1976  | Type C videotape | Sony BVH-2000 1-inch VTR Professional reel-to-reel analogue recording helical scan videotape format co-developed and introduced by Ampex and Sony in 1976. Displaced the 2-inch quadruplex videotape in the broadcasting industry.
1976  | VHS | Video Home SystemAnalogue video recording on tape cassettes. Beat Betamax to become the dominant format for home analogue video.
1978  | LaserDisc | Close-up of grooves on a LaserDiscAnalogue video that was read via laser stored on a 12 inch disc.
1981  | Capacitance Electronic Disc (CED)  | Exposed CED discThe Capacitance Electronic Disc (CED) is an analogue video disc playback system developed by RCA, in which video and audio could be played back on a TV set using a special needle and high-density groove system similar to phonograph records.
1984  | 8mm | A Video8 videocassette. Three related video cassette formats: the original Video8, Hi8, its improved variant, and Digital8. With much smaller tapes than VHS and Betamax, this format became very popular in the consumer camcorder market.
1987  | Super VHS | An S-VHS tape. An improved version of the VHS standard for consumer-level video recording. S-VHS improves luminance (luma) resolution by increasing luminance bandwidth. Increased bandwidth is possible because of the increased luminance carrier from 3.4 megahertz (MHz) to 5.4 MHz. The luminance modulator bandwidth also is increased: in contrast to standard VHS's frequencies of 3.8 MHz (sync tip) to 4.8 MHz (peak white), S-VHS uses 5.4 MHz sync tip and 7.0 MHz peak white.
1995  | DV | DV cassettes: DVCAM-L, DVCPRO-M, MiniDV. DV, from Digital Video, is a family of codecs and tape formats used for storing digital video, launched in 1995 by a consortium of video camera manufacturers led by Sony and Panasonic.
1997  | DVD-Video | A stack of DVD RW disksDigital. MPEG-2 video format and Dolby Digital or Digital Theatre System (DTS) audio format stored on a DVD
1999  | VideoMD | World's first VideoMD Camcorder, Sony DCM-M1.Digital format which stored video on MiniDisc. Saw limited use.
2001  | MicroMV | MicroMV videocassette Proprietary videotape format introduced in October 2001 by Sony. It is the smallest videotape format.
2003  | DualDisc | One side DVD, one side CD - It's the DualDiscDigital. Multiple formats encoded onto the same disc
2005  | HD DVD | An HD DVD Digital. Uses VC-1, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, or H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2 video formats and Dolby TrueHD, DTS-HD Master Audio audio formats
2006  | Blu-ray Disc | Blu-Ray discs and their containersDigital. Dolby TrueHD, DTS-HD Master Audio
2008  | slotMusic | A SlotMusic microSD card: an early attempt to sell pre-recorded music on an SD card Digital. Primarily used for MP3, however may also include high-quality images and videos. Stored on microSD or microSDHC.
Blu-spec CD  | Digital. PCM
2016  | Ultra HD Blu-ray | Back of a triple layer Ultra HD Blu-Ray DiscDigital H.265/MPEG-H Part 2 (HEVC). Dolby TrueHD, DTS-HD Master Audio

## See also

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* Timeline of audio formats
* Format war

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Demetris, Jordan (1990-01-01). "The challenge of introducing digital audio tape technology into consumer markets". Technology in Society. 12 (1): 91–100\. doi:10.1016/0160-791X(90)90031-7. ISSN 0160-791X.
2. ^ Cornell University Library (2003). "Digital Preservation and Technology Timeline". Digital Preservation Management. USA. Retrieved February 28, 2017.

## External links

[edit]

* History of Recording Technologies
* Museum Of Obsolete Media – Video Formats

* v
* t
* e

Digital preservation

Concepts|

* Artifactual value
* Curation
* Dark age
* Obsolescence
* Open Archival Information System

Techniques|

* Forensics
* Emulation

By type|

* Artworks
* Email
* Video games
* Websites

Organizations|

* Arctic World Archive
* Computer museums
* Digital Curation Centre
* National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (US)

Lists|

* Preservation initiatives
* Timeline
* Timeline of audio formats
* Web archiving initiatives

Category

* v
* t
* e

Broadcast video formats

Television

| Analog|

| 405 lines|

* System A

|

525 lines|

* System M (Color systems: NTSC, NTSC-J, Clear-Vision, PAL-M)
* B-MAC

625 lines|

* System B, C, D, G, H, I, K, L, N (Color systems: PAL, PAL-N, PALplus, SECAM)
* MAC

819 lines|

* System E, F

1125 lines|

* MUSE

1250 lines|

* HD-MAC

Audio|

* BTSC (MTS)
* EIAJ
* NICAM
* SAP
* Sound-in-Syncs
* Zweikanalton (A2/IGR)

Hidden signals|

* Captioning
* CGMS-A
* EPG
* GCR
* PDC
* Teletext
* VBI
* VEIL
* VIT
* VITC
* WSS
* XDS

Historical|

* Pre-1940
* Mechanical television
* 180-line
* 343-line
* 375-line
* 441-line
* 455-line
* 567-line
* Field-sequential color system
* OSKM

Digital|

| Interlaced|

* SDTV
* 480i
* 576i
* HDTV
* 1080i

|

Progressive|

* LDTV
* 1seg
* 240p
* 288p
* EDTV
* 480p
* 576p
* HDTV
* 720p
* 1080p
* UHDTV
* 4K
* 8K

MPEG-2 Video|

* ATSC
* DVB
* DVB 3D-TV
* ISDB
* DTMB
* ABS-S

AVS|

* CMMB

AVS+[note 1]|

* DTMB
* ABS-S

MPEG-4 Visual|

* MobaHo![note 2]

MPEG-4 AVC|

* ATSC A/72
* CMMB
* DMB
* DTMB
* DVB
* SBTVD
* 1seg
* MobaHo![note 2]

AVS2[note 1]|

* ABS-S

MPEG-H HEVC|

* ATSC 3.0
* DVB
* HD DMB
* ISDB-S3
* DTMB

Audio|

* AC-3 (5.1)
* AC-4
* DTS
* DRA
* MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
* MPEG Multichannel
* PCM
* LPCM
* AAC
* HE-AAC
* MPEG-H 3D Audio

Hidden signals|

* AFD
* Broadcast flag
* Captioning
* CPCM
* EPG
* Teletext

1. ^ a b Also used in China's DVB-S/S2 network.
2. ^ a b Defunct.

Technical issues

* 14:9 compromise
* Broadcast-safe
* Digital cinema (DCI)
* Display motion blur
* MPEG transport stream
* Reverse Standards Conversion
* Standards conversion
* Television transmitter
* Test card
* Video on demand
* Video processing
* Widescreen signaling
* Templates (Analogue TV Topics)

* v
* t
* e

Music technology

Music technology|

* Mechanical
* Electrical
* Electronic and digital

Sound recording|

* Audio channel
* Mixing console
* Binaural recording
* Digital audio workstation (DAW)
* Effects unit
* Equalizer
* Headphones
* Microphone
* Microphone preamplifier
* Monitor speaker
* Multitrack recording
* Music production
* Music sequencer
* Outboard gear

Recording media|

* Phonograph record
* Magnetic tape
* Compact Cassette
* Compact disc
* DAT
* Hard disk
* MiniDisc
* MP3
* Opus

Analog recording|

* 8-track cartridge
* Amplifier
* Cassette deck
* Comparison of analog and digital recording
* Experimental musical instrument
* Phonograph
* Player piano
* Reel-to-reel audio tape recording
* Tape recorder

Playback transducers|

* Loudspeaker
* Headphones
* Monitor speaker
* PA system
* Sound reinforcement system
* Speaker enclosure
* Subwoofer

Digital audio|

* Digital recording
* Digital signal processing

Live music|

* Mixing console
* Bass amplifier
* Effects unit
* Foldback
* Guitar amplifier
* Keyboard amplifier
* PA system
* Reverb
* Sound reinforcement system

Electronic music|

* Chiptune
* Circuit bending
* Drum machine
* Electronic drums
* Electronic musical instrument
* MIDI
* MIDI controller
* Music workstation
* Sampler
* Sequencer
* Sound module
* Synthesizer
* Theremin

Software|

* Digital audio editor
* Digital audio workstation
* GarageBand
* ProTools
* Scorewriter
* Software effect processor
* Software sampler
* Software synthesizer

Professions|

* Audio engineer
* DJ
* Guitar technician
* Mixing engineer
* Monitor engineer
* Piano tuner
* Record producer
* Re-recording mixer
* Sound designer
* Sound follower
* Sound operator
* Sound recording engineer
* Tape op

People and organizations|

* Audio Engineering Society
* Goji Electronics
* Institute of Broadcast Sound
* Lejaren Hiller
* IRCAM
* Max Mathews
* Musical Electronics Library
* Professional Lighting and Sound Association
* Robert Moog
* SMPTE
* STEIM

Related topics|

* Audiophile
* High fidelity
* Home audio
* Home cinema
* Music store
* Professional audio store
* New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME)
* Symbols of control
* Vehicle audio

Record production portal
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