Timorese horseshoe bat

Species of bat native to Timor-Leste

Timorese horseshoe bat

Conservation status

Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[1]

Scientific classification
Domain:  | Eukaryota
Kingdom:  | Animalia
Phylum:  | Chordata
Class:  | Mammalia
Order:  | Chiroptera
Family:  | Rhinolophidae
Genus:  | Rhinolophus
Species:  |

R. montanus

Binomial name
Rhinolophus montanus

Goodwin, 1979

Timorese horseshoe bat's range
Synonyms

* Rhinolophus philippinensis montanus Goodwin, 1979

The Timorese horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus montanus) is a species of bat native to Timor-Leste.

## Taxonomy and etymology

[edit]

It was described as a subspecies of the large-eared horseshoe bat by Robert Goodwin in 1979. Its trinomen was Rhinolophus philippinensis montanus.[2] It was maintained as a subspecies until 2002, when Csorba argued that it was morphologically distinct enough to be considered a full species.[3] Since this publication, it has consistently been considered its own species, Rhinolophus montanus. Its species name "montanus" is Latin in origin, meaning "montane". Goodwin chose this species name because the holotype was found at a high elevation of 1,220 m (4,000 ft) above sea level.[2]

## Biology

[edit]

It is nocturnal, roosting in sheltered places during the day such as caves. Unlike some bat species which are highly colonial, it roosts in small groups of perhaps six or seven individuals. When roosting, it prefers to hang from the ceilings of caves rather than in crevices. Individuals are well-spaced during roosting rather than clustered. It has been roosting with other species of bat, including Creagh's horseshoe bat, the western bent-winged bat, and the small bent-winged bat.[2]

## Range and habitat

[edit]

The holotype, paratype, and two additional specimens were all collected from Quoto Lou Caves in Timor-Leste, about 1,220 metres (4,000 ft) above sea level. These caves are not natural, and were excavated by the Japanese during their occupation of East Timor. The caves are located near Ermera.[2] There have been additional acoustic detections near Laleia, Nino Konis Santana National Park, and Betano.[1]

## Conservation

[edit]

It is currently assessed as endangered by the IUCN, indicating that it is at risk of going extinct. It meets the criteria for this assessment because its area of occupancy is smaller than 500 km2 (190 sq mi), and it is threatened by habitat destruction and human disturbance of its roosts.[1]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Armstrong, K.N.; Csorba, G. (2021) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. "Rhinolophus montanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T136248A209538154. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T136248A209538154.en. Retrieved 16 December 2023.
2. ^ a b c d Goodwin, R. E. (1979). "The bats of Timor: systematics and ecology". Bulletin of the AMNH. 163 (2): 112–113\. hdl:2246/1288.112-113&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info:hdl/2246/1288&rft.aulast=Goodwin&rft.aufirst=R.+E.&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Timorese+horseshoe+bat" class="Z3988">
3. ^ Csorba, G. (2002). "Remarks on some types of the genus Rhinolophus (Mammalia, Chiroptera)" (PDF). Annales Historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici. 94: 217–226.217-226&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Csorba&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=http://publication.nhmus.hu/pdf/annHNHM/Annals_HNHM_2002_Vol_94_217.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Timorese+horseshoe+bat" class="Z3988">

* v
* t
* e

Extant species of family Rhinolophidae

* Kingdom: Animalia
* Phylum: Chordata
* Class: Mammalia
* Infraclass: Eutheria
* Superorder: Laurasiatheria
* Order: Chiroptera

Rhinolophus|

* Acuminate horseshoe bat (R. acuminatus)
* Adam's horseshoe bat (R. adami)
* Intermediate horseshoe bat (R. affinis)
* Halcyon horseshoe bat (R. alcyone)
* Arcuate horseshoe bat (R. arcuatus)
* Lesser woolly horseshoe bat (R. beddomei)
* R. belligerator
* Blasius's horseshoe bat (R. blasii)
* Bokhara horseshoe bat (R. bocharicus)
* Bornean horseshoe bat (R. borneensis)
* Canut's horseshoe bat(R. canuti)
* Cohen's horseshoe bat (R. cohenae)
* Cape horseshoe bat (R. capensis)
* Sulawesi horseshoe bat (R. celebensis)
* Chiewkwee's horseshoe bat (R. chiewkweeae)
* Geoffroy's horseshoe bat (R. clivosus)
* Croslet horseshoe bat (R. coelophyllus)
* Andaman horseshoe bat (R. cognatus)
* Convex horseshoe bat (R. convexus)
* Little Japanese horseshoe bat (R. cornutus)
* Creagh's horseshoe bat (R. creaghi)
* Darling's horseshoe bat (R. darlingi)
* Decken's horseshoe bat (R. deckenii)
* Dent's horseshoe bat (R. denti)
* Eloquent horseshoe bat (R. eloquens)
* Mediterranean horseshoe bat (R. euryale)
* Broad-eared horseshoe bat (R. euryotis)
* Greater horseshoe bat (R. ferrumequinum)
* Formosan woolly horseshoe bat (R. formosae)
* Rüppell's horseshoe bat (R. fumigatus)
* Guinean horseshoe bat (R. guineensis)
* Hildebrandt's horseshoe bat (R. hildebrandti)
* R. hilli
* R. hillorum
* Lesser horseshoe bat (R. hipposideros)
* R. huananus
* Imaizumi's horseshoe bat (R. imaizumii)
* R. indorouxii
* Philippine forest horseshoe bat (R. inops)
* Insular horseshoe bat (R. keyensis)
* Lander's horseshoe bat (R. landeri)
* Blyth's horseshoe bat (R. lepidus)
* Woolly horseshoe bat (R. luctus)
* Mount Mabu horseshoe bat (R. mabuensis)
* Maclaud's horseshoe bat (R. maclaudi)
* Big-eared horseshoe bat (R. macrotis)
* Madura horseshoe bat (R. madurensis)
* Maendeleo horseshoe bat (R. maendeleo)
* Malayan horseshoe bat (R. malayanus)
* Marshall's horseshoe bat (R. marshalli)
* R. mcintyrei
* Smaller horseshoe bat (R. megaphyllus)
* Mehely's horseshoe bat (R. mehelyi)
* R. microglobosus
* Mitred horseshoe bat (R. mitratus)
* Formosan lesser horseshoe bat (R. monoceros)
* Timorese horseshoe bat (R. montanus)
* Mozambican horseshoe bat (R. mossambicus)
* Neriad horseshoe bat (R. nereis)
* Osgood's horseshoe bat (R. osgoodi)
* Bourret's horseshoe bat (R. paradoxolophus)
* Pearson's horseshoe bat (R. pearsonii)
* Large-eared horseshoe bat (R. philippinensis)
* R. proconsulis
* Least horseshoe bat (R. pusillus)
* King horseshoe bat (R. rex)
* Peninsular horseshoe bat (R. robinsoni)
* Rufous horseshoe bat (R. rouxii)
* Large rufous horseshoe bat (R. rufus)
* Ruwenzori horseshoe bat (R. ruwenzorii)
* Sakeji horseshoe bat (R. sakejiensis)
* Lesser woolly horseshoe bat (R. sedulus)
* Shamel's horseshoe bat (R. shameli)
* Shortridge's horseshoe bat (R. shortridgei)
* Thai horseshoe bat (R. siamensis)
* Forest horseshoe bat (R. silvestris)
* Bushveld horseshoe bat (R. simulator)
* Chinese rufous horseshoe bat (R. sinicus)
* Smithers's horseshoe bat (R. smithersi)
* Lesser brown horseshoe bat (R. stheno)
* Little Nepalese horseshoe bat (R. subbadius)
* Small rufous horseshoe bat (R. subrufus)
* Swinny's horseshoe bat (R. swinnyi)
* R. tatar
* R. thailandensis
* Thomas's horseshoe bat (R. thomasi)
* Trefoil horseshoe bat (R. trifoliatus)
* Yellow-faced horseshoe bat (R. virgo)
* R. xinanzhongguoensis
* Dobson's horseshoe bat (R. yunanensis)
* Ziama horseshoe bat (R. ziama)

Taxon identifiers

Rhinolophus montanus|

* Wikidata: Q2740102
* Wikispecies: Rhinolophus montanus
* CoL: 4S98V
* GBIF: 4266843
* iNaturalist: 75018
* ITIS: 946005
* IUCN: 136248
* MDD: 1004717
* MSW: 13800609
* Observation.org: 201193
* Open Tree of Life: 3614096

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