Tirukkural translations into Fijian

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As of 2015, Fijian had at least two translations available of the Tirukkural.[1]

## History of translations

[edit]

There are at least two translations known of the Kural text in the Fijian language. The first Fijian translation of the Kural was made by Samuel L. Berwick who translated it in 1964. Swami Rudrananda, who established the Ramakrishna Mission in Fiji in 1953, requested Berwick, then editor of the Fijian section of his newspaper Pacific Review (Vakalewa ni Pasifika) published from Nadi, to work on the translation in 1962 to mark the birth centenary of Swami Vivekananda. It was published in Nadi, Fiji under the title Na Tirukurala.[2][3] This has long been out of print and is now said to be available only in National Archives of Fiji.[4]

The second one was by the Irish-English linguist Paul Geraghty, based at the University of the South Pacific in Suva, Fiji.[4] Not knowing Tamil, he made the Fijian translation from English and French translations of the Kural text in two years.[4] It was published under the title Tirukurali Na sere tabu in 2008,[3][5]: 67–68 which was released by former Vice President of Fiji Ratu Joni Madraiwiwi.[4]

## Translations

[edit]

Translation  | Chapter 26, Tabu lewenimanumanu

|

Kural 254 (Couplet 26:4)  | Kural 258 (Couplet 26:8)
Samuel L. Berwick, 1964 | Na veivakamatei na tawa loloma
Vakamatei me kanii kua e tokona. | Ke da rai yawa ka savasava
Lewe ni manumanu ’da na tawa sagaa.
Paul Geraghty, 2008 | Na laba na ivalavalaca; e ivalavalaca tale ga na kania na lewe ni manumanu labati. | Koya e cecere nona vakasama ena sega ni kana lewenimanumanu, ni dau rawa ga ena kena kau tani na bula ni manumanu.

## Published translations

[edit]

* S. L. Berwick (1964). Na Tirukurala. Nadi: Sri Ramakrishna Mission.

## See also

[edit]

* Tirukkural translations
* List of Tirukkural translations by language

## References

[edit]

* Tamils portal
* India portal
* Literature portal
* Poetry portal

1. ^ Pallu, Nelza Mara; Mohanty, Panchanan; Durga, Shiva (May 2023). "Thirukkural Translations: A Sacred Text From the Town of Peacocks—Mayilâpûr India" (PDF). International Journal of Development Research. 13 (5): 62551–62553\. doi:10.37118/ijdr.26323.05.2023 (inactive 1 November 2024). ISSN 2230-9926. Retrieved 18 November 2023.62551-62553&rft.date=2023-05&rft_id=info:doi/10.37118/ijdr.26323.05.2023&rft.issn=2230-9926&rft.aulast=Pallu&rft.aufirst=Nelza+Mara&rft.au=Mohanty,+Panchanan&rft.au=Durga,+Shiva&rft_id=https://www.journalijdr.com/sites/default/files/issue-pdf/26323.pdf&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Tirukkural+translations+into+Fijian" class="Z3988">`{{cite journal}}`: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
2. ^ Sanjeevi, N. (1973). Bibliography on Tirukkural. In First All India Tirukkural Seminar Papers. Chennai: University of Madras. p. 139.
3. ^ a b Polilan; K. Gunathogai; Lena Kumar; Tagadur Sampath; Mutthamizh; G. Picchai Vallinayagam; D. Anbunidhi; K. V. Neduncheraladhan, eds. (2019). Tiruvalluvar 2050 (in Tamil) (1 ed.). Chennai: Periyar Enthusiasts Group. p. 686.
4. ^ a b c d Dev Nadkarni and Padmini Gaunder (10 July 2009). "And Now, Thirukkural in Fijian". The Indian Weekender. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
5. ^ Parthasarathy, Sa.; Ashraf, N.V.K.; Rajendiran, C.; Thangavelu, Elangovan; Duraisamy, Senthilselvan; Selvan, Ajey Kumar (2023). Thirukkural Translations in World Languages. Chennai: ValaiTamil Publications.

## External links

[edit]

* "Thirukkural translations in different languages of the world". OOCities. n.d. Retrieved 30 April 2017.

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Tirukkural

History|

* Valluvar (author)
* Elelasingan (disciple)
* Vasuki (wife)
* Dating the work
* Other names

Parts|

* Book of Aram
* Book of Porul
* Book of Inbam

Grammar|

* Kural Venba

Concepts and teachings|

* Ahimsa (Inna seyyaamai)
* Artha (Porul)
* Compassion (Arul)
* Dharma (Aram)
* Discipline (Olukkam)
* Giving (Eegai)
* Gratitude (Nandri)
* Hospitality (Virundhombal)
* Impartiality (Naduvu nilaimai)
* Kama (Inbam)
* Karma/Destiny (Uul)
* Love/Kindness (Anbu)
* Nishkama Karma (Ava arutthal)
* Non-killing (Kollaamai)
* Patience (Porai)
* Penance (Thavam)
* Selflessness (Thuravu)
* Self-restraint (Adakkam)
* Truthfulness (Vaaimai)
* Vegetarianism/Veganism (Pulaal marutthal)

Commentaries|

| Medieval|

* Dharumar
* Manakkudavar
* Dhamatthar
* Nacchar
* Paridhi
* Thirumalaiyar
* Mallar
* Pari Perumal
* Kaalingar
* Parimelalhagar

|

Modern|

* Vedagiri Mudaliar
* Saravanaperumal Aiyar
* K. Vadivelu Chettiar
* Kaviraja Pandithar
* Thirumeni Rathna Kavirayar
* Ramanuja Kavirayar
* V. O. Chidambaram Pillai
* Thiru Vi Ka
* Bharathidasan
* M. Varadarajan
* Namakkal Kavignar
* V. Munusamy
* V. R. Nedunchezhiyan
* Devaneya Pavanar
* Karunanidhi
* Solomon Pappaiah

Translations|

| Indian
languages|

* Gujarati: Kantilal L. Kalani
* P. C. Kokila
* Kannada: L. Gundappa
* B. M. Srikanthaiah
* S. Srinivasan
* Konkani: Narayana Purushothama Mallaya
* Suresh Gundu Amonkar
* Malayalam: G. Balakrishnan Nair
* Tiruvallam Bhaskaran Nair
* Marathi: Pandurang Sadashiv Sane
* Meitei: Soibam Rebika Devi
* Odia: Chittaranjan Das
* Gananath Das
* Punjabi: Tarlochan Singh Bedi
* Sanskrit: S. N. Sriramadesikan
* Saurashtra: Sankhu Ram

|

English|

* V. V. S. Aiyar
* K. M. Balasubramaniam
* A. Chakravarti
* William Henry Drew
* Charles E. Gover
* N. E. Kindersley
* John Lazarus
* S. M. Michael
* George Uglow Pope
* H. A. Popley
* Edward Jewitt Robinson
* Sivaya Subramuniyaswami
* P. S. Sundaram
* G. Vanmikanathan
* Emmons E. White

Other
languages|

* Czech: Kamil V. Zvelebil
* Fijian: Paul Geraghty
* Finnish: Pentti Aalto
* French: E. S. Ariel
* Alain Daniélou
* Gnanou Diagou
* Pierre-Eugène Lamairesse
* German: August Friedrich Caemmerer
* Karl Graul
* Friedrich Rückert
* Albert Schweitzer
* Irish: Gabriel Rosenstock
* Japanese: Shuzo Matsunaga
* Takanobu Takahashi
* Latin: Constanzo Beschi
* Karl Graul
* Mandarin: Yu Hsi

Culture|

* Valluvar Year
* Kural Peedam Award
* Thiruvalluvar Award

Memorials|

* Valluvar Kottam
* Mylapore Thiruvalluvar Temple
* Tiruchuli Thiruvalluvar Temple
* Thiruvalluvar Statue
* Sarvajna and Tiruvalluvar statues installation

Legacy|

* Tiruvalluva Maalai
* A Letter to a Hindu
* Impact of Tirukkural
* Thiruvalluvar University
* Thiruvalluvar Twin Bridge

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* Commons

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