Tokugawa Ieshige

Military ruler of Japan from 1745 to 1760

In this Japanese name, the surname is  Tokugawa.

Senior First Rank

Tokugawa Ieshige

徳川 家重

Shōgun
In office
31 October 1745 – 25 June 1760
Monarchs|

* Sakuramachi
* Momozono

Preceded by| Tokugawa Yoshimune
Succeeded by| Tokugawa Ieharu
Personal details
Born| (1712-01-28)28 January 1712
Minato, Edo, Tokugawa shogunate
(now Tokyo, Japan)
Died| 13 July 1761(1761-07-13) (aged 49)
Edo, Tokugawa shogunate
Signature|

Tokugawa Ieshige; 徳川 家重 (28 January 1712 – 13 July 1761) was the ninth shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan.

The first son of Tokugawa Yoshimune, his mother was the daughter of Ōkubo Tadanao, known as Osuma no kata. His mother died in 1713 when he was only 2 years old, so he was raised by Yoshimune's concubine, Okon no Kata; Okon later gave birth to Tokugawa Munetake, so he was raised by another of Yoshimune's concubines, Okume no Kata, as her biological son.

His childhood name was Nagatomi-maru (長福丸). He underwent the genpuku coming-of-age ceremony in 1725. His first wife, Nami-no-miya, was the daughter of Prince Fushimi-no-miya Kuninaga (伏見宮 邦永親王). In 1733, Nami-no-Miya Masuko had a miscarriage and died. His second wife, Okō, was the daughter of one of the courtiers who had followed his first wife from the Imperial Court to the Shogunal Court in Edo. This famously good-natured second wife was the mother of Ieharu, who would become Ieshige's heir.[1] In Enkyō 2 or 1745, Ieshige was made shogun.[2]

Ieshige suffered from chronic ill health and a severe speech defect which rendered his speaking nearly incomprehensible.[3] Yoshimune's choice of Ieshige as his heir created considerable controversy within the shogunate as his younger brothers Tokugawa Munetake and Tokugawa Munetada appeared to be far more suitable candidates. Yoshimune continued to insist on his decision, favoring the Confucian principle of primogeniture; and Ieshige continued in the role of formal head of the shogunate. Yoshimune directed affairs after his official retirement in 1745. This attention was designed to ensure that Ieshige was secure in his office. Ieshige remained shogun until 1760.

Uninterested in government affairs, Ieshige left all decisions in the hands of his chamberlain, Ōoka Tadamitsu [jp] (1709–1760). He officially retired in 1760 and assumed the title of Ōgosho, appointed his first son Tokugawa Ieharu as the 10th shōgun, and died the following year.

Ieshige's second son Tokugawa Shigeyoshi became the founder of the Shimizu Tokugawa clan, which together with the Tayasu and Hitotsubashi (established by Ieshige's younger brothers) became the gosankyō, three cadet branches of the Tokugawa family from which future shoguns might be selected if the main line were to die out. They joined the existing three cadet branches, the gosanke, to which Ieshige's father Yoshimune had been born.

Ieshige's reign was beset by corruption, natural disasters, periods of famine and the emergence of the mercantile class, and his clumsiness in dealing with these issues greatly weakened the rule of Tokugawa.

Ieshige's commemorative memorial at Zōjō-ji

Ieshige died in 1761. His posthumous title is Junshin-in; and his grave is at the Tokugawa family mausoleum at Zōjō-ji in Shiba. His remains were disinterred and underwent scientific investigation from 1958 to 1960. It was discovered that his teeth were crooked and badly deformed, confirming historical references to his speech defect.

## Family

[edit]

* Father: Tokugawa Yoshimune
* Mother: Osuma no Kata (1688–1713)
* Adopted Mother: Okume no Kata later Kakuju-in (1697–1777)
* Wife: Nami-no-Miya Masuko [jp] (1711–1733) later Shōmei'in and buried in Kan'ei-ji
* Concubines:
* Oko no Kata later Shinshin'in (d. 1748)
* Oshizu no Kata
* Oyu no Kata (1721–1789) later Ansho-in
* Children:
* Tokugawa Ieharu born by Oko no Kata
* Tokugawa Shigeyoshi born by Oitsu no Kata

## Eras during Ieshige's rule

[edit]

The years in which Ieshige was shogun are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.[2]

* Enkyō (1744–1748)
* Kan'en (1748–1751)
* Hōreki (1751–1764)

## Ancestry

[edit]

Ancestors of Tokugawa Ieshige[4]

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8\. Tokugawa Yorinobu, 1st daimyō of Kishū (1602-1671)

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| 4\. Tokugawa Mitsusada, 2nd daimyō of Kishū (1627-1705)|

|  |  |
| 9\. Nakagawa-dono

| 2\. Tokugawa Yoshimune, 8th Tokugawa Shōgun (1684-1751)|

|  |  |  |  |

| 5\. Jōenin (1655-1726)|

|  |  |

| 1\. Tokugawa Ieshige, 9th Tokugawa Shōgun|
|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 12\. Kanō Hisashi

| 6\. Ōkubo Tadanao (d. 1726)|

|  |  |

| 3\. Shintokuin (1688-1713)|

|  |  |  |  |
| 14\. Ōkubo Tadafuru (d. 1646)

| 7\. Ōkubo|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ Screech, T. Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822, p. 130.
2. ^ a b Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, p. 418.
3. ^ Totman, Conrad (1967). Politics in the Tokugawa Bakufu. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674688001.
4. ^ "Genealogy". Reichsarchiv (in Japanese). Retrieved 4 July 2018.

## References

[edit]

* Screech, Timon. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-7007-1720-X
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1822). Illustrations of Japan. London: Ackerman.
* Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.
* Totman, Conrad. (1967). Politics in the Tokugawa bakufu, 1600–1843. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

## External links

[edit]

* Media related to Tokugawa Ieshige at Wikimedia Commons

Military offices

Preceded by

Tokugawa Yoshimune

|  Shōgun:
Tokugawa Ieshige
1745–1760  | Succeeded by

Tokugawa Ieharu

* v
* t
* e

Tokugawa clan

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Tokugawa

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(1543–1616)
Ieyasu(1)
r. 1603–1605
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(1579–1632)
Hidetada(2)
r. 1605–1623| | | | | | (1602–1671)
Yorinobu
1st Daimyō of
Kishū| | | | | | (1603–1661)
Yorifusa
1st Daimyō of
Mito
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(1604–1651)
Iemitsu(3)
r. 1623–1651| | | | | | (1627–1705)
Mitsusada
2nd Daimyō of
Kishū| | | | | | (1622–1695)
Matsudaira
Yorishige
1st Daimyō of
Takamatsu
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(1641–1680)
Ietsuna(4)
r. 1651–1680| | (1644–1678)
Tsunashige
Daimyō of Kōfu| |
(1646–1709)
Tsunayoshi(5)
r. 1680–1709| |
(1684–1751)
Yoshimune(8)
r. 1716–1745| | | | | | (1661–1687)
Matsudaira
Yoritoshi [ja]
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(1662–1712)
Ienobu(6)
r. 1709–1712| | | | | |
(1712–1761)
Ieshige(9)
r. 1745–1760| | (1721–1765)
Munetada
1st Head of
Hitotsubashi family| | (1680–1735)
Matsudaira
Yoritoyo [ja]
3rd Daimyō of
Takamatsu
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(1709–1716)
Ietsugu(7)
r. 1712–1716| | | | | |
(1737–1786)
Ieharu(10)
r. 1760–1786| | (1751–1827)
Harusada [ja]
2nd Head of
Hitotsubashi family| | (1705–1730)
Munetaka
4th Daimyō of
Mito|
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(1773–1841)
Ienari(11)
r. 1786–1837| | (1779–1848)
Narimasa
3rd Head of
Tayasu family| | (1728–1766)
Munemoto
5th Daimyō of
Mito
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(1793–1853)
Ieyoshi(12)
r. 1837–1853| | (1801–1846)
Nariyuki [ja]
11th Daimyō of
Kishū| | (1828–1876)
Yoshiyori
5th/8th Head of
Tayasu family| | (1751–1805)
Harumori [ja]
6th Daimyō of
Mito
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(1824–1858)
Iesada(13)
r. 1853–1858| |
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Iemochi(14)
r. 1858–1866| | (1863–1940)
Iesato(16)
(Pr.) 1884-1940| | (1773–1816)
Harutoshi
7th Daimyō of
Mito| | (1776–1832)
Matsudaira
Yoshinari [ja]
9th Daimyō of
Takasu
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Iemasa(17)
(Pr.) 1940-1947| | (1800–1860)
Nariaki
9th Daimyō of
Mito| | (1800–1862)
Matsudaira
Yoshitatsu [ja]
10th Daimyō of
Takasu
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(1837–1913)
Yoshinobu(15)
r. 1866–1867
(Pr.) 1902-1913| | (1836–1893)
Matsudaira
Katamori
9th Daimyō of
Aizu
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Tsuneo
Matsudaira
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Toyoko [ja]| | | | | | (1907–1992)
Ichirō
Matsudaira [ja]
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Iehiro(19)| | | |

Notes

All Tokugawa shōguns share descent from Ieyasu, who is recognized as the dynasty's founder.

* v
* t
* e

Timeline and paternities of the Tokugawa Shogunate

Lifespan

Reign

* v
* t
* e

Officials of the Tokugawa shogunate

Shōgun|

* Ieyasu (1603–1605)
* Hidetada (1605–1623)
* Iemitsu (1623–1651)
* Ietsuna (1651–1680)
* Tsunayoshi (1680–1709)
* Ienobu (1709–1712)
* Ietsugu (1713–1716)
* Yoshimune (1716–1745)
* Ieshige (1745–1760)
* Ieharu (1760–1786)
* Ienari (1787–1837)
* Ieyoshi (1837–1853)
* Iesada (1853–1858)
* Iemochi (1858–1866)
* Yoshinobu (1867–1868)

Tairō|

* Sakai Tadayo (1636)
* Doi Toshikatsu (1638–1644)
* Sakai Tadakatsu (1638–1656)
* Sakai Tadakiyo (1666–1680)
* Ii Naozumi (1668–1676)
* Hotta Masatoshi (1681–1684)
* Ii Naooki (1696–1700, 1711–1714)
* Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu (1706–1709)
* Ii Naoyuki (1784–1787)
* Ii Naoaki (1835–1841)
* Ii Naosuke (1858–1860)
* Sakai Tadashige (1865)

Rōjū|

* Ōkubo Tadachika (1593–1614)
* Ōkubo Nagayasu (1600–1613)
* Honda Masanobu (1600–1615)
* Naruse Masanari (1600–1616)
* Andō Naotsugu (1600–1616)
* Honda Masazumi (1600–1622)
* Naitō Kiyonari (1601–1606)
* Aoyama Tadanari (1601–1606)
* Aoyama Narishige (1608–1613)
* Sakai Tadatoshi (1609–1627)
* Sakai Tadayo (1610–1634)
* Doi Toshikatsu (1610–1638)
* Andō Shigenobu (1611–1621)
* Naitō Kiyotsugu (1616–1617)
* Aoyama Tadatoshi (1616–1623)
* Inoue Masanari (1617–1628)
* Nagai Naomasa (1622–1633)
* Abe Masatsugu (1623–1626)
* Inaba Masakatsu (1623–1634)
* Naitō Tadashige (1623–1633)
* Sakai Tadakatsu (1624–1638)
* Morikawa Shigetoshi (1628–1632)
* Aoyama Yukinari (1628–1633)
* Matsudaira Nobutsuna (1632–1662)
* Abe Tadaaki (1633–1666)
* Hotta Masamori (1635–1651)
* Abe Shigetsugu (1638–1651)
* Matsudaira Norinaga (1642–1654)
* Sakai Tadakiyo (1653–1666)
* Inaba Masanori (1657–1681)
* Kuze Hiroyuki (1663–1679)
* Itakura Shigenori (1665–1668, 1670–1673)
* Tsuchiya Kazunao (1665–1679)
* Abe Masayoshi (1673–1676)
* Ōkubo Tadatomo (1677–1698)
* Hotta Masatoshi (1679–1681)
* Doi Toshifusa (1679–1681)
* Itakura Shigetane (1680–1681)
* Toda Tadamasa (1681–1699)
* Abe Masatake (1681–1704)
* Matsudaira Nobuyuki (1685–1686)
* Tsuchiya Masanao (1687–1718)
* Ogasawara Nagashige (1697–1705, 1709–1710)
* Akimoto Takatomo (1699–1707)
* Inaba Masamichi (1701–1707)
* Honda Masanaga (1704–1711)
* Ōkubo Tadamasu (1705–1713)
* Inoue Masamine (1705–1722)
* Abe Masataka (1711–1717)
* Kuze Shigeyuki (1713–1720)
* Matsudaira Nobutsune (1714–1716)
* Toda Tadazane (1714–1729)
* Mizuno Tadayuki (1717–1730)
* Andō Nobutomo (1722–1732)
* Matsudaira Norisato (1723–1745)
* Matsudaira Tadachika (1724–1728)
* Ōkubo Tsuneharu (1728)
* Sakai Tadaoto (1728–1735)
* Matsudaira Nobutoki (1730–1744)
* Matsudaira Terusada (1730–1745)
* Kuroda Naokuni (1732–1735)
* Honda Tadanaga (1734–1746)
* Toki Yoritoshi (1742–1744)
* Sakai Tadazumi (1744–1749)
* Matsudaira Norikata (1745–1746)
* Hotta Masasuke (1745–1761)
* Nishio Tadanao (1746–1760)
* Honda Masayoshi (1746–1758)
* Matsudaira Takechika (1746–1779)
* Sakai Tadayori (1749–1764)
* Matsudaira Terutaka (1758–1781)
* Inoue Masatsune (1760–1763)
* Akimoto Sumitomo (1747–1764, 1765–1767)
* Abe Masahiro (1837-1857)
* Doi Toshitsura (1838–1844)
* Inoue Masaharu (1840–1843)
* Andō Nobumasa (1860–1862)
* Itakura Katsukiyo (1862–1864, 1865–1868)
* Inoue Masanao (1862–1864)
* Mizuno Tadakiyo (1862–1866)
* Sakai Tadashige (1863–1864)
* Arima Michizumi (1863–1864)
* Makino Tadayuki (1863–1865)
* Matsumae Takahiro (1864–1865)
* Abe Masato (1864–1865)
* Suwa Tadamasa (1864–1865)
* Inaba Masakuni (1864–1865, 1866–1868)
* Matsudaira Munehide (1864–1866)
* Inoue Masanao (1865–1867)
* Matsudaira Yasuhide (1865–1868)
* Mizuno Tadanobu (1866)
* Matsudaira Norikata (1866–1868)
* Inaba Masami (1866–1868)
* Matsudaira Sadaaki (1867)
* Ōkōchi Masatada (1867–1868)
* Sakai Tadatō (1867–1868)
* Tachibana Taneyuki (1868)

Wakadoshiyori|

* Nagai Naoyuki (1867–1868)

Kyoto shoshidai|

* Okudaira Nobumasa (1600–1601)
* Itakura Katsushige (1601–1619)
* Makino Chikashige (1654–1668)
* Itakura Shigenori (1668–1670)
* Nagai Naotsune (1670–1678)
* Toda Tadamasa (1678–1681)
* Inaba Masamichi (1681–1685)
* Tsuchiya Masanao (1685–1687)
* Naitō Shigeyori (1687–1690)
* Matsudaira Nobuoki (1690–1691)
* Ogasawara Nagashige (1691–1697)
* Matsudaira Nobutsune (1697–1714)
* Mizuno Tadayuki (1714–1717)
* Matsudaira Tadachika(1717–1724)
* Makino Hideshige (1724–1734)
* Toki Yoritoshi {1734–1742)
* Makino Sadamichi (1742–1749)
* Matsudaira Sukekuni (1749–1752)
* Sakai Tadamochi (1752–1756)
* Matsudaira Terutaka(1756–1758)
* Inoue Masatsune (1758–1760)
* Abe Masasuke (1760–1764)
* Abe Masachika (1764–1768)
* Doi Toshisato (1769–1777)
* Kuze Hiroakira (1777–1781)
* Makino Sadanaga (1781–1784)
* Toda Tadatō (1784–1789)
* Ōta Sukeyoshi (1789–1782)
* Hotta Masanari (1792–1798)
* Makino Tadakiyo (1798–1801)
* Doi Toshiatsu (1801–1802)
* Aoyama Tadayasu (1802–1804)
* Inaba Masanobu (1804–1806)
* Abe Masayoshi (1806–1808)
* Sakai Tadayuki (1808–1815)
* Ōkubo Tadazane (1815–1818)
* Matsudaira Norihiro (1818–1823)
* Naitō Nobuatsu (1823–1825)
* Matsudaira Yasutō (1825–1826)
* Mizuno Tadakuni (1826–1828)
* Matsudaira Muneakira (1828–1832)
* Ōta Sukemoto (1832–1834)
* Matsudaira Nobuyori (1834–1837)
* Doi Toshitsura (1837–1838)
* Manabe Akikatsu (1838–1840)
* Makino Tadamasa (1840–1843)
* Sakai Tadaaki (1843–1850)
* Naitō Nobuchika (1850–1851)
* Wakisaka Yasuori (1851–1857)
* Honda Tadamoto (1857–1858)
* Sakai Tadaaki (1858–1862)
* Matsudaira Munehide (1862)
* Makino Tadayuki (1862–1863)
* Inaba Masakuni (1863–1864)
* Matsudaira Sadaaki (1864–1867)

Bugyō|

* Bugu-bugyō (post-1863)
* Edo machi-bugyō
* Fushimi bugyō
* Gaikoku-bugyō (post-1858)
* Gunkan-bugyō (post-1859)
* Gusoku-bugyō
* Hakodate bugyō
* Haneda bugyō (post-1853)
* Hyōgo bugyō (post-1864)
* Jisha-bugyō
* Kanagawa bugyō (post-1859)
* Kanjō-bugyō (post-1787)
* Kinzan-bugyō
* Kyoto machi-bugyō
* Nara bugyō
* Machi-bugyō
* Nagasaki bugyō
* Niigata bugyō
* Nikkō bugyō
* Osaka jōdai
* Osaka machi-bugyō
* Rōya-bugyō
* Sado bugyō
* Sakai bugyō
* Sakuji-bugyō (post-1632)
* Shimoda bugyō
* Sunpu jōdai
* Uraga bugyō
* Yamada bugyō

Ōmetsuke|

* Yagyū Munenori (1632–1636)
* Mizuno Morinobu (1632–1636)
* Akiyama Masashige 1632–1640)
* Inoue Masashige (1632–1658)
* Kagazume Tadazumi (1640–1650)
* Nakane Masamori (1650)
* Hōjō Ujinaga (1655–1670)
* Ōoka Tadatane (1670)
* Nakayama Naomori (1684)
* Sengoku Hisanao (1695–1719)
* Shōda Yasutoshi (1699–1701)
* Sakakibara Tadayuki (1836–1837)
* Atobe Yoshisuke (1839–1841, 1855–1856)
* Tōyama Kagemoto (1844)
* Ido Hiromichi 1853–1855)
* Tsutsui Masanori (1854–1857)
* Ōkubo Tadahiro (1862)
* Matsudaira Yasuhide (1864)
* Nagai Naoyuki (1864–1865, 1865–1867)
* Yamaoka Takayuki (1868)
* Oda Nobushige (1868)

Kyoto Shugoshoku|

* Matsudaira Katamori (1862–1864)
* Matsudaira Yoshinaga (1864)
* Matsudaira Katamori (1864–1867)

* v
* t
* e

Sei-i Taishōgun

Heian period|

* Ōtomo no Otomaro
* Sakanoue no Tamuramaro
* Fun'ya no Watamaro
* Fujiwara no Tadabumi
* Minamoto no Yoshinaka

Kamakura shogunate|

* Minamoto no Yoritomo
* Minamoto no Yoriie
* Minamoto no Sanetomo
* Kujō Yoritsune
* Kujō Yoritsugu
* Prince Munetaka
* Prince Koreyasu
* Prince Hisaaki
* Prince Morikuni

Kenmu Restoration
& Southern Court|

* Prince Moriyoshi
* Prince Nariyoshi
* Prince Okiyoshi
* Prince Muneyoshi
* Prince Yukiyoshi?

Ashikaga shogunate|

* Ashikaga Takauji
* Ashikaga Yoshiakira
* Ashikaga Yoshimitsu
* Ashikaga Yoshimochi
* Ashikaga Yoshikazu
* Ashikaga Yoshinori
* Ashikaga Yoshikatsu
* Ashikaga Yoshimasa
* Ashikaga Yoshihisa
* Ashikaga Yoshitane
* Ashikaga Yoshiki
* Ashikaga Yoshitane
* Ashikaga Yoshiharu
* Ashikaga Yoshiteru
* Ashikaga Yoshihide
* Ashikaga Yoshiaki

Tokugawa shogunate|

* Tokugawa Ieyasu
* Tokugawa Hidetada
* Tokugawa Iemitsu
* Tokugawa Ietsuna
* Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
* Tokugawa Ienobu
* Tokugawa Ietsugu
* Tokugawa Yoshimune
* Tokugawa Ieshige
* Tokugawa Ieharu
* Tokugawa Ienari
* Tokugawa Ieyoshi
* Tokugawa Iesada
* Tokugawa Iemochi
* Tokugawa Yoshinobu

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