Toop (boat)

Type of boat-ship produced in the East Indies

Two Malay coaster in Java, with toop sail and rigging.

Toop (also known as toup, prauw toop or perahu toop) is a type of boat-ship produced in East Indies. Appeared at the end of the 18th century, and built in local shipyards, this type of boat is one of the results of the incorporation of 'Western' and 'Nusantaran' technologies that began in the shipyards of the 17th and 18th European trading companies. This type of boat is commonly used for long-distance shipping. In the first half of the 19th century, this was the most common type of boat used by sailors and traders in Nusantara.[1] Majority of toop is owned by merchants from the western area of Nusantara.[2]: 33

## Description

[edit]

A western hulled toop, at the right side of the image.

Two to three masted, toop carries 2 similar trapezoid sail on the main mast and the fore mast; the sails are arranged in such a way that a toop can turn the bow towards the wind without lowering and moving the sail under the new wind, something very beneficial if beating to windward in a narrow place. The stern is equipped with European-style fore-and-aft sail, and there may be three or four small headsails attached to the bowsprit. The masts are not bipod or tripod, but only a single masts that was reinforced with shrouds similar to European masts attachments.[3]

Toop in general used for long-distance shipping and shows the much similarities with European design: The stern of many toop is quadrilateral (transom), and the shape of the hull is more similar to European sailing vessels than Nusantaran boats. Most of these boats are made using the same technique with those used to build European ships: Attaching the framework to keel first before the attaching the outer planking.[1] The boat sometimes also carried oars, numbered between 16 and 20. Some of them also towed a sloop behind that could carry the entire crew.[4][1] The presence of large sloop indicates that the toop is prepared to operate in areas without dock facilities that can facilitate loading and unloading activities.[2]: 33

The hull of toop is decked at fore and aft. The square stern has ornamental carvings. At the aft there is a cabin which rises slightly above deck and covered with a roof inclined longitudinally. South Sulawesian toop had this cabin entirely below deck. In light loads, the upperworks at sides were raised with mats. A cargo hatch is present abaft each mast. South Sulawesian prau toop only has 2 masts, the ones from Surabaya has taller masts.[5]: 22–23

Toop in the Malacca strait.

However, different illustrations and descriptions showed variations of toop's hull: There are European-type hulls, with rectangular sterns and middle (axial) steering; there are boats with bow similar to European ships, but using side steering (double quarter rudder) and stern decks similar to padewakang. The difference of hull forms suggests that the word 'toop' actually refer to the sail plan, a combination of fore-and-aft 'Western' sails and two elevated rectangular sails that seems to be a variety of tanja sails.[6][7]

The carrying capacity of toop is about 40–60 koyan (96.8–145 metric tons), the largest being 100 koyan (241,9 metric tons).[8] There are toop which is favored by Bugis, the shape is look like a padewakang, but uses two to three masts whose rigging is European-styled, and carrying a kind of spritsail. These boats are generally larger than padewakang, and only used for trading.[9] Western hulled toop is favored by the Dutch to be armed in case of war.[10]: 74–75, 79

U.S. office of strategic service noted the dimensions of toop: A length of 49–59 ft (14.94–17.98 m), breadth of 10–13 ft (3.05–3.96 m), and depth of 10–11.5 ft (3.05–3.51 m).[5]: 23

## See also

[edit]

* Padewakang
* Pencalang
* Mayang
* Chialoup
* Jong
* Bedar

## References

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Bruijn Kops, G.F. de (1854): 'Iets over de Zeevaart in den Indischen Archipel', Tijdschrift voor Nijverheid en Landbouw in Nederlandsch-Indië, 1, pp. 21-69.
2. ^ a b Liebner, Horst H. (2016). Beberapa Catatan Akan Sejarah Pembuatan Perahu Dan Pelayaran Nusantara. Jakarta: Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture.
3. ^ Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië. v.16:no.2 1854. p. 36.
4. ^ Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië. v.16:no.2 1854. p. 37.
5. ^ a b United States Office of Strategic Services (1944). Native Craft in Southeast Asia Waters, Part II: Sumatra, Malaya, and Adjacent Islands. Office of Strategic Services, Research and Analysis Branch. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
6. ^ Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia. "Perahu Toop". Pinisi.org. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
7. ^ Almanak (1861): Almanak (en Naamregister) van Nederlandsch-Indië voor het Jaar (Batavia: Landsdrukkerij).
8. ^ Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië. v.16:no.2 1854. p. 33
9. ^ Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië. v.16:no.2 1854. p. 364.
10. ^ Pâris, François-Edmond (1841). Essai sur la construction navale des peuples extra-européens : ou, Collection des navires et pirogues construits par les habitants de l'Asie, de la Malaisie, du Grand Océan et de l'Amérique volume 1. Paris: A. Bertrand.

* v
* t
* e

Types of sailing vessels and rigs

Overviews|

* Age of Sail
* Maritime history
* Age of Discovery

Sailing rigs|

* Bermuda rig
* Crab claw
* Fore-and-aft rig
* Gaff rig
* Gunter rig
* Junk rig
* Lateen rig
* Ljungström rig
* Lug rig
* Mast aft rig
* Pinisi rig
* Square rig
* Tanja rig

By sailing rigs|

* Barque
* Barquentine
* Brig
* Brigantine
* Catboat
* Cutter
* Full-rigged ship
* Jackass-barque
* Ketch
* Mistico
* Schooner
* Sloop
* Snow
* Yawl

Multihull vessels|

* ʻalia
* Amatasi
* Baurua
* Bigiw
* Camakau
* Catamaran
* Drua
* Guilalo
* Jukung
* Kaep
* Kalia
* Karakoa
* Kora kora
* Lakatoi
* Lanong
* Outrigger canoe
* Pahi
* Paraw
* Pentamaran
* Proa
* Quadrimaran
* Takia
* Tepukei
* Tipairua
* Tongiaki
* Trimaran
* Ungalawa
* Va'a-tele
* Vaka katea
* Vinta
* Wa

Naval and merchant
sailing ships
and other vessels
(by origin date)|

| Ancient|

* Balangay
* Boita
* Borobudur ship
* Dhow
* Fire ship
* Galley
* Penteconter
* Bireme
* Trireme
* Quadriremes
* Tessarakonteres
* Dromon
* Junk
* K'un-lun po
* Lepa
* Mtepe
* Uru

|

Post-classical|

* Balinger
* Benawa
* Birlinn
* Bomb vessel
* Cog
* Hulk
* Jong
* Knarr
* Koch
* Kondura
* Longship
* Malangbang
* Shitik
* Tongkang
* Zabra

15th c.|

* Carrack
* Chinese treasure ship
* Caravel
* Ghurab
* Lancaran
* Hoy
* Trabaccolo

16th c.|

* Crommesteven
* Galiot
* Galleon
* Galleass
* Ghali
* Flyboat
* Fluyt
* Full-rigged pinnace
* Lorcha
* Man-of-war
* Manchua
* Patache
* Speronara
* Square-rigged caravel (round or de armada)
* Xebec

17th c.|

* Bermuda sloop
* Corvette
* East Indiaman
* Frigate
* Galeas
* Koff
* Pink
* Polacca
* Ship of the line

18th c.|

* Bilander
* Chialoup
* Clipper (Baltimore Clipper)
* Gallivat
* Garay
* Grab
* Gundalow
* Lanong
* Padewakang
* Post ship
* 74-gun
* Ship of the line
* Sloop-of-war
* Toop
* Trincadour

19th c.|

* Blackwall frigate
* Down Easter
* Golekan
* Iron-hulled sailing ship
* Warship
* Janggolan
* Lambo
* Leti leti
* Palari
* Tamar
* West Country
* Windjammer

20th c.|

* Montagu whaler

Fishing vessels|

* Bagan
* Bago
* Barca-longa
* Falkuša
* Felucca
* Fifie
* Gableboat
* Herring buss
* Jangada
* Jukung
* Lugger
* Masula
* Mayang
* Patorani
* Nordland
* Sixareen
* Sgoth
* Smack
* Tartane
* Well smack
* Yoal

Recreational vessels|

* Dinghy
* Ljungström sailboat
* Mast aft rig
* Pocket cruiser
* Sailing hydrofoil
* Sailing yacht
* Sportsboat
* Trailer sailer
* Wharrams
* Windsurfer
* Yacht

Special terms|

* Inflatable
* Lashed lug
* Razee
* Sewn
* Tall ship
* Treenailed
* ULDB

Other types|

* Bristol Channel pilot cutter
* Floating restaurant
* Fusta
* Mersey flat
* Norfolk punt
* Norfolk wherry
* Pausik
* Pinnace (ship's boat)
* Pram
* Scow
* Thames sailing barge
* Wherry

Related|

* Nautical operations

* v
* t
* e

Austronesian ships

Ship types

| Taiwan|

| Kavalan|

* Mangka

|

Thao|

* Ruza

Tao|

* Ipanitika
* Tatara

Island
Southeast Asia|

| Brunei|

* Bajak
* Bangkong
* Gubang
* Jong
* Kakap
* Penjajap
* Tongkang

|

Indonesia|

* Abak
* Bagan
* Bago
* Bajak
* Bangkong
* Banting
* Benawa
* Borobudur ship
* Cerucuh
* Chialoup
* Eloha
* Fakatora
* Ghali
* Ghurab
* Golekan
* Janggolan
* Jellore
* Jong
* Jongkong
* Juanga
* Jukung
* Jukung tambangan
* Kakap
* Kalulis
* Kelulus
* Kolay
* Kolekole
* Knabat bogolu
* Kora kora
* Kotta mara
* K'un-lun po
* Lancang
* Lancaran
* Lepa
* Lepa-Lepa
* Leti leti
* Lis-alis
* Londe
* Malangbang
* Mayang
* Orembai
* Padewakang
* Paduwang
* Pajala
* Paledang
* Penjajap
* Pangkur
* Patorani
* Pelang
* Pencalang
* Perahu
* Pinisi
* Lambo
* Palari
* Sampan
* Sampan panjang
* Sandeq
* Sarua
* Sekong
* Solu
* Teneh
* Tongkang
* Toop

Malaysia|

* Bajak
* Bangkong
* Banting
* Bedar
* Buggoh
* Birau
* Cerucuh
* Ghali
* Ghurab
* Jong
* Juanga
* Kakap
* Kolek
* Lancang
* Lancaran
* Lepa
* Pelang
* Pencalang
* Penjajap
* Perahu payang
* Perahu tambangan
* Pinas
* Sampan
* Sampan panjang
* Tongkang

Moken|

* Kabang

Philippines|

* Armadahan
* Avang
* Awang
* Balación
* Balangay (Barangay)
* Baloto
* Bangka
* Bangka anak-anak
* Basnigan
* Batil
* Bigiw
* Bilo
* Birau
* Biray
* Biroko (Birok, Bidok)
* Buggoh
* Casco
* Chinarem
* Chinedkeran
* Dinahit
* Djenging (Balutu)
* Falua
* Garay
* Guilalo
* Juanga
* Junkun
* Junkung
* Karakoa
* Kulibo
* Lanong
* Lapis
* Lepa (Kumpit, Pidlas)
* Ontang
* Owong
* Panineman
* Pasaplap
* Pangayaw
* Paraw
* Salambaw
* Salisipan
* Sapyaw
* Seberen
* Tapake
* Tataya
* Tempel
* Tilimbao (Tinimbao)
* Tiririt (Buti)
* Vinta (Dapang, Pilang)

Singapore|

* Sampan panjang
* Tongkang

Island
Melanesia|

| Admiralty Islands|

* Endrol
* Kel

|

Fiji|

* Camakau
* Drua (Waqa tabu)
* Takia

Green Islands|

* Kǒp
* Tsǐne

Papua New Guinea|

* Lakatoi

Solomon Islands|

* Binabina
* Lisi (Solima)
* Tepukei
* Tomako (Mon, Ora)

Vanuatu|

* Aka
* Angga
* Wangga

Micronesia|

| Caroline Islands|

* Wa
* Wahr
* Waserak

|

Kiribati|

* Baurua

Marshall Islands|

* Korkor
* Tipnol
* Walap

Northern Marianas|

* Duding
* Duduli
* Galaideʻ (Agaraide)
* Ladjak
* Lelek
* Panga
* Sakman (Flying proa)

Palau|

* Kaep
* Wa

Yap|

* Chugpin
* Popow
* Wa

Polynesia|

| Cook Islands|

* Vaka
* Vaka katea

|

Hawaii|

* Mālia
* Waʻa
* Waʻa kaulua

Marquesas|

* Vaka touʻua

New Zealand|

* Waka
* Waka hourua
* Waka taua
* Waka tīwai

Samoa|

* ʻalia
* Amatasi
* Fautasi
* Laʻau
* Lualua (Foulua)
* Paopao
* Vaʻa
* Vaʻa-alo
* Vaʻa-tele

Society Islands|

* Ivahah
* Pahi
* Tipairua
* Vaʻa

Tonga|

* Hamatafua
* Kalia
* Pōpao
* Tongiaki

Tuvalu|

* Paopao

Madagascar|

| Malagasy|

* Lakana

|

Sakalava|

* Laka fiara

Ipanitika

Wa'a kaulua

Paraw

Padewakang

Ship construction & sailing

| Rigging|

* Crab claw sail
* Junk rig
* Pinisi rig
* Tanja sail

|

Hull|

* Catamaran
* Lashed-lug boat
* Multihull
* Outrigger
* Outrigger boat
* Polynesian multihull terminology
* Proa
* Sewn boat
* Trimaran

Navigation|

* Fanuankuwel
* Fealofani Bruun
* Hipour
* Kafeŕoor
* List of Māori waka
* Makassan contact with Australia
* Māori migration canoes
* Marshall Islands stick chart
* Mau Piailug
* Polynesian navigation
* Rapwi
* Tākitimu
* Weriyeng
* Yapese navigation

Trade|

* Austronesian maritime trade network
* Hiri trade cycle
* Kula ring
* Lapita trade network
* Lingling-o
* Maritime Silk Road
* Sa Huynh-Kalanay Interaction Sphere
* Sepik Coast exchange
* Spice trade
* Trepanging

Archaeology|

* Balangay (Butuan boats)
* Borobudur ship
* Cirebon shipwreck

Other|

* Apilan
* Burulan
* Daramba
* Kota mara

Ship replicas

| Cook Islands|

* Maire Nui
* Marumaru Atua
* Te Au o Tonga

|

Federated States of Micronesia|

* Halametaw
* Quest
* Sailoam

French Polynesia|

* Faʻafaite
* Tahiti Nui

Guam|

* Saina

Hawaii|

* Alingano Maisu
* Hawaiʻiloa
* Hikianalia
* Hōkūleʻa
* Hokualakai
* Iosepa
* Makali'i

Indonesia|

* Alfred Wallace
* Hati Marege
* Nur Al Marege
* Samudra Raksa
* Spirit of Majapahit

Malaysia|

* Naga Pelangi

New Zealand|

* Aotearoa One
* Haunui
* Ngahiraka Mai Tawhiti
* Pūmaiterangi
* Te Aurere

Philippines|

* Balatik
* Diwata ng Lahi
* Lahi ng Maharlika
* Masawa Hong Butuan
* Raya Kolambu
* Raya Siyagu
* Sama Tawi-Tawi
* Sarimanok
* Sultan sin Sulu

Samoa|

* Gaualofa

* See also:
* Lapita culture
* Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia

* v
* t
* e

Indonesian traditional vessels and sails

Type of sails and rigging|

* Junk sail
* Lete sail
* Nade sail
* Pinisi rig
* Tanja sail

Naval & merchant
vessels
(by origin date)|

| Ancient|

* Borobudur ship
* Cerucuh
* Jong
* K'un-lun po
* Lancang
* Perahu
* Sampan

|

14th c.|

* Benawa
* Ghurab
* Jongkong
* Kelulus
* Lancaran
* Malangbang
* Pelang
* Tongkang

15th c.|

* Pencalang

16th c.|

* Banting
* Ghali
* Juanga
* Kalulis
* Lepa-lepa (dugout canoe)
* Londe
* Penjajap

17th c.|

* Knabat bogolu
* Kora kora
* Kotta mara
* Orembai

18th c.|

* Chialoup
* Jukung tambangan
* Lepa
* Padewakang
* Toop

19th c.|

* Bajak
* Bangkong
* Golekan
* Janggolan
* Jellore
* Lambo
* Leti leti
* Lis-alis
* Palari
* Sampan panjang
* Solu

Fishing vessels|

* Bagan
* Bago
* Jukung
* Kakap
* Mayang
* Paduwang
* Pajala
* Paledang
* Patorani
* Sandeq

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template