Trans man

Man assigned female at birth

Brian Michael Smith, award-winning trans actor Part of a series on

Transgender topics

* Outline
* History
* Timeline

Gender identities

* Androgyne
* Bissu, Calabai, Calalai
* Burrnesha
* Cisgender
* Gender bender
* Hijra
* Non-binary or genderqueer
* Gender fluidity
* Kathoey
* Koekchuch
* Third gender
* Bakla
* Faʻafafine
* Femminiello
* Khanith
* Māhū
* Mudoko dako
* Mukhannath
* Muxe
* Travesti
* Two-spirit
* Winkte
* X-gender
* Trans man
* Trans woman
* Fakaleitī
* Mak nyah
* Rae-rae
* Transgender
* Youth
* Akava'ine
* Trans*
* Transsexual

Health care practices

* Gender clinic
* Gender dysphoria
* in children
* causes
* Sex assignment

* * *

* Hormone therapy
* feminizing
* masculinizing
* DIY
* Puberty-suppressing hormone therapy

* * *

* Gender-affirming surgery
* masculinizing
* feminizing
* Facial feminization surgery
* Facial masculinization surgery

* * *

* Hair removal
* Pregnancy
* Assisted reproductive technology
* Voice therapy
* WPATH
* Standards of Care

* * *

* Transgender health care misinformation

Rights and legal status

* Gender self-identification
* Legal gender
* Non-binary gender
* Personal identity

* * *

* Rights movement
* Organizations
* Political office-holders
* United States

* * *

* Asylum
* Healthcare
* Military service
* South Korea
* United States
* Prisons
* Toilets
* Bathroom bills
* Unisex

* * *

* Anti-gender movement
* Anti-transgender movement in the United Kingdom
* Discrimination
* Non-binary
* Parental rights movement
* Transgender men
* Transmisogyny
* Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary radical feminism
* Genocide
* Inequality
* Violence
* Murders
* Trans panic defense
* Yogyakarta Principles

Society and culture

Events and awareness

* Awareness Week
* Beauty pageants
* Day of Remembrance
* Day of Visibility
* Flag
* March
* more

* * *

Culture

* Anatomical terminology
* Fictional characters
* Film
* Literature
* Transgender culture of New York City
* Media portrayals
* People
* non-binary
* Publications
* Religion
* Sports
* Television

Theory and concepts

* Androphilia and gynephilia
* Blanchard's typology
* Childhood gender nonconformity
* Cisgender / cissexual
* Cisnormativity
* Cross-dressing
* Deadnaming
* Gender binary
* Gender detransitioning
* Gender expression
* Gender transitioning
* Gender identity
* Gender modality
* Gender nonconformity
* Gender-sexuality questioning
* Postgenderism
* Rapid-onset dysphoria
* Studies
* Transfeminism
* views
* Transmedicalism
* Transmisogyny

By country

Rights

* Argentina
* 2012 law
* 2021 law
* Australia
* Austria
* Brazil
* Canada
* 2016 bill
* China
* Finland
* France [fr]
* Germany
* 1980 law
* 2018 law
* 2024 law
* India
* 2014 bill
* 2019 act
* Tamil Nadu
* Iran
* Ireland
* Pakistan
* 2017 bill
* 2018 act
* New Zealand
* Norway
* 2016 act
* Singapore
* South Africa
* 2003 act
* South Korea
* Spain
* 2022 law
* United Kingdom
* Anti-trans movement
* 2004 act
* 2022 bill
* United States
* Disenfranchisement
* Title IX
* Transphobia

* * *

History

* Argentina [es]
* Australia
* Re Kevin
* Brazil
* China
* Finland
* Nazi Germany
* Singapore
* United Kingdom
* United States
* Legality
* elected officials
* Cafeteria riot
* Stonewall

See also

* 2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States
* Androgyny
* Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
* Gender
* Gender diversity
* Gender studies
* Healthcare and the LGBTQ community
* Intersex
* Legal recognition of intersex people
* Queer heterosexuality
* LGBTQ
* Mental health of LGBTQ people
* Sex
* Sex–gender distinction
* Sexual orientation
* Social construction of gender
* Suicide among LGBTQ people

* LGBTQ portal
* Category

* v
* t
* e

Part of a series on

Boys and men

Identity

* Drag queens
* Effeminacy
* Gay men
* History of gay men in the United States
* John Henryism
* Machismo
* Masculinity
* Men's colleges in the United States
* Metrosexual
* Monks
* Toxic masculinity
* Trans men

Male privilege

* Hegemonic masculinity
* Patriarchy
* Sexism

Male sexuality

* Bisexuality
* Heterosexuality
* Men who have sex with men

Men's health

* Circumcision
* Erectile dysfunction
* Prostate cancer

Relationships

* Bromance
* Fatherhood
* Male bonding
* Mateship
* Stay-at-home dad

* v
* t
* e

A trans man or transgender man is a man who was assigned female at birth. Trans men have a male gender identity, and many trans men undergo medical and social transition to alter their appearance in a way that aligns with their gender identity or alleviates gender dysphoria.[1]

Transition among trans men can involve a variety of social, medical, and legal steps. Initially, the term referred specifically to those undergoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or sex reassignment surgery (SRS),[a] but its meaning has expanded to include psychological development and self-acceptance. While some trans men pursue medical interventions like hormones and surgery, others may opt out due to personal choice or financial constraints. Many who do not undergo top surgery use chest binding, and some employ packing to create a masculine shape. Transitioning can include social changes, such as adopting a new name and pronouns, legal name change or other document updates, and medical transition with HRT or surgery. Achieving social acceptance as male may be challenging without physical transition, and some trans men may selectively present as female in certain situations. Additionally, some transmasculine individuals may choose to become pregnant, give birth, and breastfeed.

Estimates of the prevalence of trans men in the U.S. vary widely, from 1 in 100,000 to 1 in 2,000. Census data for 2015 show around 58,000 name changes indicative of transition to male, though far fewer changed their sex coding. Trans men, like cisgender men, have diverse sexual orientations, with most identifying as heterosexual, but others as queer, pansexual, bisexual, or gay. Many trans men have past connections with the lesbian community, often identifying as butch lesbian before recognizing their transgender identity. While some date heterosexual or queer women, trans men face more challenges integrating into cisgender gay men's communities, which tend to be more body-focused. However, research challenges assumptions that trans men are predominantly heterosexual, showing a majority of non-heterosexual identities and rising acceptance within gay communities.

## Terminology

[edit]

Further information: Transgender § Terminology

Kye Allums, who played women's basketball and is the first openly transgender NCAA Division I college athlete Elliot Page, Canadian actor and producer Elliot Fletcher, American actor Thomas Beatie, an American public speaker, author, and advocate for transgender reproductive rights

The umbrella term trans[b] is a shortening of both transgender and transsexual, and describes anyone whose gender identity does not align with their assigned sex.

The term transsexual originated in the medical and psychological communities, and is generally considered a subset of transgender, although the two are not always interchangeable. It predominantly describes people with medically diagnosed gender dysphoria, and who desire to permanently transition to the opposite sex via sex reassignment therapy. Many trans people prefer the labels transgender or trans, considering them more inclusive and less stigmatizing.[2][3] However, others, such as Buck Angel, reject the label of transgender.[4][5] The GLAAD media reference guide advises against describing people as transsexual, except for individuals who explicitly identify as such.[6]

Transmasculine (sometimes clipped to transmasc) is a broader term for all trans individuals with predominantly masculine identities or gender expression, and includes trans men as well as non-binary people who were assigned female at birth and may have an identity that is partially masculine but not entirely male.[7][8]

The alternate spelling transman is sometimes used interchangeably. However, like transwoman, it is often associated with trans-exclusionary views which hold that trans men are distinct from men, and thus require a separate word to describe them.[9] For this reason many transgender people find the spelling offensive.[9]

Another common term for trans men is female-to-male (FTM or F2M),[10] but this is considered outdated by some, in part because it confuses sex and gender, or because someone may be nonbinary and lie somewhere on the spectrum between the two extremes, neither of which accurately describes them.[11]

## Transitioning

[edit]

See also: Gender transitioning

Buck Angel, an American actor, producer, and sex educator Ian Harvie, an American comedian and openly transgender man

Originally, the term trans men referred specifically to female-to-male transsexual people who underwent hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or sex reassignment surgery (SRS),[a] or both. The definition of transition has broadened to include theories of psychological development or complementary methods of self-acceptance.[12][13] Many of those who identify as transgender face gender dysphoria.

Transsexual and transgender men may seek medical interventions such as hormones and surgery to make their bodies as congruent as possible with their gender presentation. However, many transgender and transsexual men cannot afford or choose not to undergo surgery or hormone replacement therapy.

Many who have not undergone top surgery choose to bind their breasts. There are a few different methods of binding, including using sports bras and specially made binders (which can be vest-type, or wrap-around style). Tape or bandages are often depicted in popular culture.

Some trans men might also decide to pack, to create a phallic bulge in the crotch of clothing. However, this is not universal. Trans men who decide to pack may use anything from rolled up socks to specially made packers, which resemble a penis. Some packers are also created for trans men to be able to urinate through them (stand-to-pee, or STP, devices), or for sexual penetration or other sexual activity (known as "pack-and-play").

Transitioning might involve some or all of the following steps:[14][better source needed]

* Social transition: using a preferred name and pronouns, wearing clothing seen as gender appropriate, disclosure to family, friends and usually at the workplace/school.
* Sex reassignment therapy: hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and/or surgery (SRS)[15]
* Legal affirmation: name and (sometimes) sex marker correction in legal identification documents.[16][17]

Being socially accepted as male (sometimes known as passing) may be challenging for trans men who have not undergone HRT and/or surgery.[16][17] Some trans men may choose to present as female in certain social situations (e.g. at work).[16][17] After physical transition, trans men usually live full-time as male.[16][17] However, some transmasculine individuals might choose to use and engage their bodies to be pregnant, birth a baby, and breastfeed.[7][18]

##  Prevalence, identity and relationships

[edit]

In the United States, the ratio of trans men within the general population is unclear, but estimates range between 1:2,000 and 1:100,000.[19][better source needed][20][21][better source needed] A U.S. Census Bureau study in 2015 suggests that there were around 58,000 name changes in census records consistent with female to male transitions although only 7,500 of these changed their sex coding as well.[22][failed verification]

In a study by Kara Devaney, entitled Transgender Research Literature Review, it is addressed that the term transgender encompasses a myriad of different and unique identities that do not follow the "normal" rules of gender. [citation needed]Miriam J. Abelson writes, "There is no question that trans men's experiences are men's experiences and give insight about men, masculinity, and gender inequality."[23]

Like cisgender men, trans men can have any sexual orientation or sexual identity, including heterosexual, gay, bisexual, and queer,[24] and some trans men consider conventional sexual orientation labels inadequate or inapplicable to them.[25] The literature commonly indicates that sexual attraction to those of their same gender (e.g., trans men liking men and trans women liking women) is considerably less common among trans men than among trans women; the majority of trans men are reported as heterosexual.[26][27] Surveys from the National Center for Transgender Equality show more variation in sexual orientation or sexual identity among trans men. In NCTE's 2015 Transgender Survey of respondents who identified as trans men, 23% identified as heterosexual or straight. The majority (65%) identified their sexual orientation or sexual identity as queer (24%), pansexual (17%), bisexual (12%), or gay/same-gender loving (12%).[28]

Some trans men date heterosexual women, while other trans men date queer women; the latter might be because queer women are less invested in the gender and sexual anatomy of a person when it comes to selecting an intimate partner.[27] It is also common for trans men to have histories with the lesbian community or to feel that they identify better with that community because of its wide acceptance of gender variance, with a number of trans men having previously identified as lesbian (often as a "butch lesbian") before realizing that they are instead transgender.[26][27][29]

Trans men have less success integrating socially within cisgender gay men's communities, which tend to be more body-focused, especially in terms of being phallocentric.[27][30][31] Yitzchak et al. state that, as a result, they more commonly see gay trans men partnering with each other than with cisgender gay men.[27] There are, however, cases of women being likelier than men to thoroughly question trans men about their motivations for modifying their bodies.[30]

Some scholars argue against assumptions that trans men are predominantly heterosexual and usually have lesbian histories. In scholars Dan Irving and Rupert Raj's book Trans Activism in Canada, researchers state, "There is still a common misperception that trans men are largely heterosexual amongst those who conflate gender identity and sexual orientation. It is frequently assumed that trans men are exclusively attracted to women and have lesbian histories prior to transition." They add, "Recent data from the Trans PULSE project (Bauer, Redman, Bradley, & Scheim, 2013) challenge this assumption, with 63 percent of female-to-male spectrum trans people in Ontario reporting non-heterosexual identities and/or past-year sex with trans or non-trans men." They also argue that, based on some research, "many non-trans gay men have welcomed trans men into gay communities and have increasingly recognized trans men as potential sexual and romantic partners."[32]

Chaz Bono, musician, writer and actor, whose parents are Cher and Sonny Bono

## Health

[edit]

Trans men and transmasculine people often face difficulty and discrimination receiving medical treatment, due to both bias against assigned-female patients and against transgender people. In the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey, 42% of 8,037 trans men reported negative experiences with healthcare providers.[28] There is a lack of credible research about how to provide adequate healthcare to transmasculine people undergoing medical transition, notably with doctors having difficulty diagnosing breast cancer in people who have undergone top surgery.[33] HIV infection between trans men and others is still increasing.[34]

### Reproductive health

[edit]

See also: Transgender pregnancy

Trans men with an intact female reproductive system may become pregnant.[35]: 1 [36] According to surveys compiled by Medicare for Australia, 75 male-identifying parents gave birth in Australia in 2016, and 40 in 2017.[37] Testosterone for trans men "is not a form of contraception";[38][39] although testosterone therapy eventually induces amenorrhea in most trans men, trans men with uteri are still at risk of pregnancy even if they no longer have periods. Additionally, trans men are likely to live in poverty and have inadequate access to healthcare, so many do not have access to the contraceptives they may want or need. Trans men can use barrier methods, oral contraceptives, IUDs, and other methods of contraception while taking testosterone.[38]

Continuous testosterone use is contraindicated (not medically recommended) at the same time a trans man is attempting to conceive, pregnant, or while breastfeeding, because high levels of testosterone during pregnancy can possibly cause fetal abnormalities, specifically with the urogenital system of a female fetus.[38][39]

Trans men experience issues during pregnancy not experienced by pregnant women. For example, trans men may experience discrimination on the base of their gender while receiving obstetric care. Many providers are unfamiliar with the needs of transgender patients. Additionally, some men report that being pregnant made their gender dysphoria worse.[40]

## Sports

[edit]

See also: Transgender people in sports

It has been suggested that this section be split out into another article titled List of trans man athletes. (Discuss) (April 2025)

|

### Trans men in women's sports

[edit]

#### Early examples

[edit]

Early known examples of trans men who competed at international levels were intersex men who were raised as girls, competed in women's championships, and came out as men later in life. They include Zdeněk Koubek, an intersex man who was Czech women's national champion and medal winner at the 1934 World Women's Athletic games in track whose awards and records were later revoked;[41] Willy De Bruyn, a Belgian cyclist who became unofficial women's world champion in 1934, born intersex and raised as a girl but later identified as a man;[42] and French sprinter Pierre Brésolles, who ran the women's 100 metre and 200 metre races and won third place in the women's 100 meter dash in the Oslo European Championship in 1946.[43][44]

Another notable early trans man athlete is Andreas Krieger (b. 1965), an East German shot putter who competed on the women's East German athletics team at SC Dynamo Berlin in the 1980s. Krieger was unknowingly doped with large doses of anabolic steroids, which masculinized his body, influencing his decision to transition in the 1990s. He is now involved in anti-doping activism.[45][46][47]

#### Recent examples

[edit]

Keelin Godsey is an NCAA Division III record holder in women's hammer throw.[48][49] In 2008, he became the first openly transgender athlete to compete for a spot on the United States Olympic team.[50][51][52] Another Olympic team athlete, former member of Japan's Olympic women's fencing team from 2004 to 2006 Fumino Sugiyama, is now a transgender rights activist and works to promote acceptance and participation of trans athletes in Japanese sports.[53]

In basketball, noted trans men include Jay Mulucha, an LGBTQI activist and Ugandan basketball player with the Magic Stormers in the Federation of Uganda Basketball League (FUBA), and American basketball player Kye Allums, the first openly transgender NCAA Division I college athlete.[54] Harrison Browne was the first openly transgender athlete in professional American hockey, coming out in 2016 and transitioning medically after his retirement from professional sports in 2018.[55] Kumi Yokoyama is a Japanese footballer who plays as a forward for women's football club Okayama Yunogo Belle and the Japan women's national team.[56][57]

#### Safety concerns

[edit]

In 2017, high school state wrestler and trans boy Mack Beggs won the Texas state girls' wrestling title.[58] Beggs began taking testosterone to transition in 2015, which other athletes argued gave him an unfair advantage and created a safety risk. He reached the state championship tournament after two opponents forfeited matches due to safety concerns, and a lawsuit was filed to suspend Beggs because of testosterone use. Beggs' mother stated that he wanted to compete in the boys' competition but was barred due to rules requiring that athletes compete according to the sex on their birth certificate.[59][58]

Transgender men athletes in women's sports

* Harrison Browne, Canadian ice hockey player

* Zdeněk Koubek, Czech intersex man who was a women's track champion (1936)

* Jay Mulucha, Ugandan basketball player

* Witold Smętek, Polish intersex man and track competitor (in white) (1934)

* Kumi Yokoyama, Japanese professional soccer player

### Trans men in men's sports

[edit]

In 2013, Schuyler Bailar was recruited to the Harvard women's swimming team. He took a gap year after high school to transition, and was told he could join the men's or women's swim team at Harvard, according to his preference. He joined the men's team, and in 2015 Bailar became the first publicly documented NCAA D1 transgender man to compete as a man in swimming.[60][61]

More recently, Chris Mosier, a duathlon and triathlon competitor on the US National team in duathlon, successfully challenged the International Olympic Committee former policy that required surgery before transgender athletes could compete in the category that matched their gender identity.[62][63][64] Mosier's challenge led to the creation and adoption in 2016 of new IOC guidelines for the categorization of transgender athletes in the Olympics in World Championships.[65][66][67]

In 2018, American Patricio Manuel became the first trans man to compete in professional men's boxing.[68][69]

Transgender men athletes in men's sports

* Schuyler Bailar, men's swimmer for Harvard from 2015 to 2019

* Chris Mosier, men's triathlete, duathlete and racewalker

* Patricio Manuel, American professional boxer who competed in men's boxing after transition

### Trans men in mixed sex sports

[edit]

Quince Mountain was the first transgender dog musher to compete in the Iditarod dogsledding race in 2020.[70]

## Discrimination

[edit]

Main article: Discrimination against transgender men

Transgender men can face discrimination as a result of their status as trans men. Such discrimination may include sexual violence.[71]

## See also

[edit]

* Trans woman
* List of transgender people
* List of transgender-related topics

## Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b The term sex reassignment surgery was initially used, but this is now generally known as gender-affirming surgery (GAS) or gender-confirmation surgery (GCS)
2. ^ occasionally spelled trans*, using the asterisk (`*`) as a wildcard character

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Bariola, Emily; Lyons, Anthony; Leonard, William; Pitts, Marian; Badcock, Paul; Couch, Murray (October 2015). "Demographic and Psychosocial Factors Associated With Psychological Distress and Resilience Among Transgender Individuals". American Journal of Public Health. 105 (10): 2108–2116\. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302763. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 4566567. PMID 26270284.
2. ^ Polly, Ryan; Nicole, Julie (March 2011). "Understanding transsexual patients: culturally sensitive care in emergency nursing practice". Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal. 33 (1): 55–64\. doi:10.1097/TME.0b013e3182080ef4. PMID 21317698. S2CID 2481961. "The use of terminology by transsexual individuals to self-identify varies. As aforementioned, many transsexual individuals prefer the term transgender, or simply trans, as it is more inclusive and carries fewer stigmas. There are some transsexual individuals, however, who reject the term transgender; these individuals view transsexualism as a treatable congenital condition. Following medical and/or surgical transition, they live within the binary as either a man or a woman and may not disclose their transition history."
3. ^ A Swenson, Medical Care of the Transgender Patient, in Family Medicine (2014): "While some transsexual people still prefer to use the term to describe themselves, many transgender people prefer the term transgender to transsexual."
4. ^ "Transsexualism". Gender Centre. March 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2016. "Transsexualism is often included within the broader term 'transgender', which is generally considered an umbrella term for people who do not conform to typically accepted gender roles for the sex they were assigned at birth. The term 'transgender' is a word employed by activists to encompass as many groups of gender diverse people as possible. However, many of these groups individually don't identify with the term. Many health clinics and services set up to serve gender variant communities employ the term, however most of the people using these services again don't identify with this term. The rejection of this political category by those that it is designed to cover clearly illustrates the difference between self-identification and categories that are imposed by observers to understand other people."
5. ^ @BuckAngel (9 April 2019). "Transsexual is my identity and where I came from. [...] Transgender does not represent me" (Tweet) - via Twitter.
6. ^ "GLAAD Media Reference Guide – Transgender Terms". GLAAD. 22 February 2022. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
7. ^ a b MacDonald, Trevor; Noel-Weiss, Joy; West, Diana; Walks, Michelle; Biener, MaryLynne; Kibbe, Alanna; Myler, Elizabeth (16 May 2016). "Transmasculine individuals' experiences with lactation, chestfeeding, and gender identity: a qualitative study". BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 16 (1): 106. doi:10.1186/s12884-016-0907-y. PMC 4867534. PMID 27183978.
8. ^ "Definition of transmasculine". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
9. ^ a b German Lopez, Why you should always use "transgender" instead of "transgendered", Vox, February 18, 2015
10. ^ Swann, William B.; Gómez, Ángel; Vázquez, Alexandra; Guillamón, Antonio; Segovia, Santiago; Carillo, Beatriz (10 February 2015). "Fusion with the Cross-Gender Group Predicts Genital Sex Reassignment Surgery". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 44 (5): 1313–1318\. doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0470-4. PMID 25666854. S2CID 3261825.
11. ^ Bourns, Amy; Kucharski, Edward, eds. (2022). Caring for LGBTQ2S People: A Clinical Guide (2nd ed.). University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781487515256. OCLC 1280275165.
12. ^ "Hudson's Guide: FTM Basics: Terminology". Hudson's FTM Resource Guide. Archived from the original on 12 August 2006. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
13. ^ "Glossary of Terms and Usage". Hebrew Union College – Jewish Institute of Religion. Archived from the original on 19 May 2014. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
14. ^ "What is transition?". FTM Australia. 14 April 2007. Archived from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
15. ^ Meriggiola, Maria Cristina; Gava, Giulia (25 March 2015). "Endocrine care of transpeople part I. A review of cross-sex hormonal treatments, outcomes and adverse effects in transmen". Clinical Endocrinology. 83 (5). Wiley: 597–606\. doi:10.1111/cen.12753. hdl:11585/541907. ISSN 0300-0664. PMID 25692791. S2CID 11480289.
16. ^ a b c d Lev, Arlene Istar (2004). Transgender Emergence: Therapeutic Guidelines for Working with Gender-Variant People and their Families. The Haworth Clinical Practice Press. ISBN 978-0-7890-2117-5. OCLC 51342468.
17. ^ a b c d Eno, Amanda S. (21 June 2013). "The Misconception of Sex in Title VII: Federal Courts Reevaluate Transsexual Employment Discrimination Claims". Tulsa Law Review. 43 (3): 765–792\. ISSN 1942-986X. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
18. ^ Bonnington, Adam; Dianat, Shokoufeh; Kerns, Jennifer; Hastings, Jen; Hawkins, Mitzi; Haan, Gene De; Obedin-Maliver, Juno (1 August 2020). "Society of Family Planning clinical recommendations: Contraceptive counseling for transgender and gender diverse people who were female sex assigned at birth". Contraception. 102 (2). Elsevier BV: 70–82\. doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2020.04.001. ISSN 0010-7824. PMID 32304766. S2CID 215819218. Archived from the original on 3 April 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
19. ^ Conway, Lynn (17 December 2002). "Estimating the Prevalence of Transsexualism". Archived from the original on 25 January 2011. Retrieved 28 September 2009.
20. ^ Herman, Joanne (12 May 2006). "There are more of us than you think". The Advocate (LGBT magazine). Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
21. ^ Rohde, Maggi (1996). "FAQ - Transgenderism". The Alliance of Les-Bi-Gay-Transgender and Straight Ally Students, Michigan State University. Archived from the original on 20 May 2008. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
22. ^ Cerf-Harris, Benjamin (4 May 2015). Likely Transgender Individuals in U.S. Federal Administrative Records and the 2010 Census (PDF) (Report). U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 January 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
23. ^ Abelson, Miriam (17 October 2014). Men in Context: Transmasculinities and Transgender Experiences in Three US Regions (Thesis). hdl:1794/18512.
24. ^ Bockting, Walter; Benner, Autumn; Coleman, Eli (28 March 2009). "Gay and Bisexual Identity Development Among Female-to-Male Transsexuals in North America: Emergence of a Transgender Sexuality". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 38 (5): 688–701\. doi:10.1007/s10508-009-9489-3. PMID 19330439. S2CID 27207925.
25. ^ "Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Definitions". Human Rights Campaign. Archived from the original on 30 April 2019. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
26. ^ a b Shankle, Michael (2013). The Handbook of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Public Health: A Practitioner's Guide to Service. Routledge. p. 175\. ISBN 978-1-136-57355-2. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
27. ^ a b c d e Binik, Yitzchak M.; Hall, Kathryn S. K. (2014). Principles and Practice of Sex Therapy, Fifth Edition. Guilford Publications. p. 252\. ISBN 978-1-4625-1389-5. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
28. ^ a b James, Sandy E.; Herman, Jody L.; Rankin, Susan; Keisling, Mara; Mottet, Lisa; Anafi, Ma'ayan (December 2016). "The Report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey" (PDF). Washington, DC: National Center for Transgender Equality. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
29. ^ Haggerty, George; Zimmerman, Bonnie (2003). Encyclopedia of Lesbian and Gay Histories and Cultures. Taylor & Francis. p. 776\. ISBN 978-1-135-57870-1. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
30. ^ a b Schilt, Kristen (2010). Just One of the Guys?: Transgender Men and the Persistence of Gender Inequality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 153\. ISBN 978-0-226-73807-9. OCLC 587209584. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
31. ^ Sumerau, J E; Mathers, Lain (2019). America through Transgender Eyes. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 60–61\. ISBN 978-1538122082. OCLC 1064762453.
32. ^ Irving, Dan; Raj, Rupert (2014). Trans Activism in Canada: A Reader. Canadian Scholars' Press. p. 248\. ISBN 978-1-55130-537-0. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
33. ^ Patel, Jharna M.; Dolitsky, Shelley; Bachman, Gloria A.; Buckley de Meritens, Alexandre (20 August 2019). "Gynecologic cancer screening in the transgender male population and its current challenges". Maturitas. 129. Elsevier BV: 40–44\. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.08.009. ISSN 0378-5122. PMID 31547911. S2CID 201958946.
34. ^ Tang, Songyuan; Tang, Weiming; Meyers, Kathrine; Chan, Polin; Chen, Zhongdan; Tucker, Joseph D. (20 October 2016). "HIV epidemiology and responses among men who have sex with men and transgender individuals in China: a scoping review". BMC Infectious Diseases. 16 (1): 588. doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1904-5. PMC 5073436. PMID 27765021.
35. ^ Frank, S. E.; Dellaria, Jac (25 July 2020). "Navigating the Binary: A Visual Narrative of Trans and Genderqueer Menstruation". The Palgrave Handbook of Critical Menstruation Studies. Singapore: Springer Singapore. pp. 69–76\. doi:10.1007/978-981-15-0614-7_7. ISBN 978-981-15-0613-0. PMID 33347161.
36. ^ Obedin-Maliver, Juno; Makadon, Harvey J (28 October 2015). "Transgender men and pregnancy". Obstetric Medicine. 9 (1): 4–8\. doi:10.1177/1753495X15612658. ISSN 1753-495X. PMC 4790470. PMID 27030799.
37. ^ Hattenstone, Simon (20 April 2019). "The dad who gave birth: 'Being pregnant doesn't change me being a trans man'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 13 February 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
38. ^ a b c Thornton, Kimberly G.S.; Mattatall, Fiona (23 August 2021). "Pregnancy in Transgender Men". Canadian Medical Association Journal. 193 (33): E1303. doi:10.1503/cmaj.210013. PMC 8412429. PMID 34426447.
39. ^ a b Hahn, Monica; Sheran, Neal; Weber, Shannon; Cohan, Deborah; Obedin-Maliver, Juno (2019). "Providing Patient-Centered Perinatal Care for Transgender Men and Gender-Diverse Individuals: A Collaborative Multidisciplinary Team Approach". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 134 (5): 959–963\. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000003506. ISSN 0029-7844. PMC 6814572. PMID 31599839.
40. ^ Light, Alexis D.; Obedin-Maliver, Juno; Sevelius, Jae M.; Kerns, Jennifer L. (2014). "Transgender Men Who Experienced Pregnancy After Female-to-Male Gender Transitioning". American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 124 (6): 1120–1127\. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000000540. PMID 25415163. S2CID 36023275. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
41. ^ Zdena/Zdeněk Koubková/Koubek Archived 18 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine. encyklopedie.brna.cz
42. ^ Meyerowitz, Joanne J. (2009). How Sex Changed. Harvard University Press. p. 33\. ISBN 9780674040960.
43. ^ Foerster, Maxime (2006). Histoire des transsexuels en France. Béziers: H&O.
44. ^ "BRESOLES Pierre". Archived from the original on 14 June 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
45. ^ Longman, Jere (26 January 2004). "DRUG TESTING; East German Steroids' Toll: 'They Killed Heidi'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
46. ^ Andreas Krieger: Heidi's Farthest Throw, 19 November 2015, retrieved 16 August 2021[dead YouTube link]
47. ^ "A Body Changed Forever by Steroids". The New York Times. Associated Press. 28 November 2015. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 30 March 2025. Retrieved 30 March 2025.
48. ^ "Godsey breaks own NCAA Division III record in hammer throw". 26 May 2006.
49. ^ "Keelin Godsey '06 | Alumni Inductee | Athletics | Bates College". athletics.bates.edu. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
50. ^ "NCAA members slow to adopt transgender athlete guidelines". USA Today. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
51. ^ "Transgender Athlete Competes For Olympic Spot". NPR.org. 24 May 2012. Archived from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
52. ^ TORRE, PABLO S. "THE TRANSGENDER ATHLETE". Sports Illustrated Vault | Si.com. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
53. ^ Hatta, Naohiko (13 July 2016). "Transgender man helps Shibuya make a difference". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2025.
54. ^ "First transgender athlete to play in NCAA basketball". CNN. 23 March 2010. Archived from the original on 13 October 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2022.
55. ^ Pruski, Scout (28 November 2018). "Harrison Browne talks Ovi, activism in visit to American University". NBC Sports Washington. Archived from the original on 16 January 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
56. ^ "Japan's Yokoyama comes out as transgender man". Reuters. 22 June 2021. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2025.
57. ^ Orlowitz, Dan (20 June 2021). "Soccer player Kumi Yokoyama comes out as transgender: 'It would be harder to live closeted'". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2025.
58. ^ a b "Transgender boy wins Texas girls' wrestling title". ESPN.com. 26 February 2017. Archived from the original on 26 July 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
59. ^ "Transgender teen wins regional wrestling title despite attempt to ban him from competing - SportsDay". DallasNews.com. 18 February 2017. Archived from the original on 9 August 2019. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
60. ^ Merrill, Emma (17 June 2015). "Schuyler Bailar To Be First Openly Transgender D1 NCAA Swimmer". Swimming World. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
61. ^ "Schuyler Bailar, First D1 Transgender Swimmer, Joins Harvard's Men's Team | Sports | The Harvard Crimson". www.thecrimson.com. Archived from the original on 25 March 2025. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
62. ^ "Trans triathlete Chris Mosier may be barred from competing at World Championships". Outsports. 21 January 2016. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
63. ^ "Olympic News - Official Source of Olympic News". Olympic.org. 14 June 2016. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
64. ^ ThinkProgress. "The Olympics Are Now Much Friendlier For Transgender Athletes — ThinkProgress". Thinkprogress.org. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
65. ^ "Exclusive: Read the Olympics' new transgender guidelines that will not mandate surgery". Outsports. 22 January 2016. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
66. ^ "The Trans Athlete Behind the Olympic Committee's New Gender Policy". The Cut. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
67. ^ "The Transgender Man Who Changed the Olympics, Sportshour - BBC World Service". BBC. Archived from the original on 21 April 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2017.
68. ^ Times, Kevin Baxter | Los Angeles (8 August 2017). "The first U.S. boxer to fight as a woman, and then as a man". The Denver Post. Archived from the original on 17 June 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
69. ^ "America's First-Ever Transgender Male Professional Boxer, Patricio Manuel, Wins His Debut Fight". People.com. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
70. ^ "Meet Quince Mountain, the Iditarod's first trans dog musher". NBC News. 9 March 2020. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 2 July 2025.
71. ^ Chonwilai, Sulaiporn (17 May 2016). "Trans community still faces violence". Bangkok Post. Archived from the original on 2 October 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2022.

## Further reading

[edit]

* Becoming a Visible Man by Jamison Green
* Just Add Hormones: An Insider's Guide to the Transsexual Experience by Matt Kailey
* Transmen and FTMs: Identities, Bodies, Genders, and Sexualities by Jason Cromwell
* FTM: Female-to-Male Transsexuals in Society. by Aaron H. Devor
* Second Son: Transitioning Toward My Destiny, Love and Life by Ryan Sallans

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Transgender men.

* Medical Therapy and Health Maintenance for Transgender Men: A Guide For Health Care Providers free ebook, ISBN 0-9773250-0-8
* TransGuys.com A magazine for trans men
* FTM International An organization serving the female-to-male trans community.
* Original Plumbing magazine Quarterly magazine with online component focusing on culture and diversity in the trans male community.

Links to related articles

* v
* t
* e

Transgender and gender non-conforming topics

Gender identities|

* Androgyne
* Bissu, Calabai, Calalai
* Burrnesha
* Cisgender
* Gender bender
* Hijra
* Non-binary or genderqueer
* Gender fluidity
* Kathoey
* Koekchuch
* Third gender
* Bakla
* Faʻafafine
* Femminiello
* Khanith
* Māhū
* Mudoko dako
* Mukhannath
* Muxe
* Travesti
* Two-spirit
* Winkte
* X-gender
* Trans man
* Trans woman
* Fakaleitī
* Mak nyah
* Rae-rae
* Transgender
* Youth
* Akava'ine
* Trans*
* Transsexual

Health care and medicine|

* Gender dysphoria
* causes
* in children
* Hormone therapy
* feminizing
* masculinizing
* DIY
* Legal status
* Misinformation
* Surgery
* feminizing
* masculinizing
* Pregnancy
* Puberty blocker

Rights|

* Gender self-identification
* Legal gender
* Legal recognition of non-binary gender
* Legal status
* Marriage
* Rights movement
* Rights organizations
* Toilets
* bathroom bills
* unisex
* Yogyakarta Principles

Discrimination|

* Against non-binary people
* Against transgender men
* Anti-gender movement
* Anti-trans movement in the UK
* Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary radical feminism
* Asylum seekers
* Cisgenderism
* Inequality
* Prison
* Transmisogyny
* Violence
* genocide
* killings
* trans panic

Society and culture|

* Anatomical terminology
* Blåhaj
* Christianity
* LGBTQ-related films
* Events
* Awareness Week
* Day of Remembrance
* Day of Visibility
* March
* Non-binary People's Day
* LGBTQ
* Flags
* History
* Media portrayals
* fictional characters
* film
* People
* Pornography
* Publications
* Sexuality
* Sports
* ice hockey
* chess
* Youth
* more

Theory and
concepts|

* Androphilia and gynephilia
* Blanchard's typology
* Childhood gender nonconformity
* Cisgender / cissexual
* Cisnormativity
* Cross-dressing
* Deadnaming
* Gender binary
* Gender detransitioning
* Gender expression
* Gender transitioning
* Gender identity
* Gender modality
* Gender nonconformity
* Gender-sexuality questioning
* Postgenderism
* Rapid-onset dysphoria
* Studies
* Transfeminism
* views
* Transmedicalism
* Transmisogyny

By country|

| History|

* Argentina [es]
* Australia
* Brazil
* Cambodia
* Chile [es]
* China
* Finland
* India
* Iran
* Russia
* Singapore
* United Kingdom
* United States
* legal

|

People|

* China
* ancient Egypt
* France [fr]
* Nazi Germany
* South Korea
* Singapore

Rights|

* Argentina
* 2012 law
* 2021 law
* Australia
* Re Kevin
* Bolivia
* 2016 law [es]
* Brazil
* Canada
* 2016 bill C-16
* Chile
* 2018 law [es]
* Germany
* India
* 2014 Bill
* 2019 Act
* Kerala
* Tamil Nadu
* Iran
* Ireland
* New Zealand
* Pakistan
* 2017 bill
* 2018 Act
* South Africa
* 2003 Act
* South Korea
* Spain
* 2022 law
* United Kingdom
* 2004 act
* United States
* legal history
* title IX
* Uruguay
* 2018 law [es]

Political
office-holders|

* United States

See also|

* 2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States
* Androgyny
* Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
* Gender
* Gender diversity
* Gender studies
* Healthcare and the LGBTQ community
* Intersex
* Legal recognition of intersex people
* Queer heterosexuality
* LGBTQ
* Mental health of LGBTQ people
* Sex
* Sex–gender distinction
* Sexual orientation
* Social construction of gender
* Suicide among LGBTQ people

* Outline
* Timeline
* Category

* v
* t
* e

LGBTQ people (topic outline)

* Academic fields
* Discourse

* LGBTQ topics in education
* Gender studies
* Lesbian feminism
* Linguistics
* Literature
* Gay
* Lesbian
* Transgender
* Psychology
* Queer studies
* Queer theory
* Transfeminism

* Community
* Culture

* Anthems
* Awards
* Literary
* Bars
* Gay
* Lesbian
* Bisexual community
* Businesses
* Coming out
* Community centers
* Cross-dressing
* Drag king
* Drag queen
* Events
* Awareness periods
* Film festivals
* Gay village
* Gay-friendly
* Icons
* Literature
* Music
* Media
* Bury your gays
* Films
* New queer cinema
* Periodicals
* Portrayal
* Organizations
* People
* Pets
* Pride
* Pride Month
* Pride parade
* Queerplatonic relationships
* Religious groups
* Rodeos
* Same-sex relationships
* Slang
* Slogans
* Sports
* Pride Nights
* Takatāpui
* Theatre
* Companies
* Tourism

Symbols|

* Black triangle
* Gaysper
* Labrys
* Lambda
* Pink triangle
* Rainbow plaque

Pride flags|

* Aromantic
* Asexual
* Bear
* Bisexual
* Gay flag of South Africa
* Gay men
* Intersex
* Leather
* Lesbian
* Non-binary
* Pansexual
* Rainbow
* Rainbow crossing
* Transgender

* Gender identities
* Sexual identities
* Sexual diversities

| Gender identity|

* Androgyny
* Boi
* Cisgender
* Gender bender
* Gender nonconformity
* Khanith
* Man
* Non-binary / genderqueer
* Queer heterosexuality
* Theyby
* Transgender
* Akava'ine
* Trans man
* Transsexual
* Trans woman
* Mak nyah
* Woman
* Womxn
* Womyn
* Xenogender

Third sex / Third gender|

* Bakla
* Balkan sworn virgins
* Bissu
* Faʻafafine
* Fakaleitī
* Femminiello
* Hijra
* Kathoey
* Köçek
* Māhū
* Mukhannath
* Muxe
* Travesti
* Two-spirit
* Winkte

Sexual identities|

| Sexual orientations|

* Asexual
* Bisexual
* Homosexual

|

* Aromanticism
* Asexuality
* Gray asexuality
* Demisexuality
* Aegosexuality
* Attraction to transgender people
* Banjee
* Bi-curious
* Fictosexuality
* Gay
* Gay men
* Heteroflexible
* Lesbian
* Monosexual
* Non-heterosexual
* Pansexual
* Queer
* Questioning
* Romantic orientation
* Same gender loving
* Sexual minority
* Tom / Dee

Related|

* Acronyms
* LGBTQ
* Detransition
* Effeminacy
* Erotic target location error
* Ex-gay
* Ex-ex-gay
* Female
* Gender and sexual diversity
* Gender assignment
* Gender binary
* Gender essentialism
* Gender expression
* Gender modality
* Gender neutrality
* Gender roles
* Gender transition
* Health
* Organizations
* Hermaphrodite
* Human female sexuality
* Human male sexuality
* Intersex
* Androgynos
* Tumtum
* Legal status of transgender people
* Male
* Men who have sex with men / Sexual practices between men
* Sex–gender distinction
* Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures
* Social construction of gender
* Straight ally
* Tomboy
* Transgender health care
* Misinformation
* Women who have sex with women / Sexual practices between women

History

| LGBTQ history|

* History of homosexuality
* History of gay men in the United States
* History of lesbianism
* Transgender history
* Timeline of transgender history
* Timeline of asexual history
* LGBTQ history timeline
* Migration
* Social movements
* Students
* History of Christianity and homosexuality
* History of same-sex unions
* Pederasty
* Category:LGBTQ history

|

Pre-modern era|

* Adelphopoiesis
* Ancient Egypt
* Ancient Greece
* pre-Columbian Peru
* Ancient Rome
* Medieval Europe

16th to 19th century|

* Molly house
* Section 377
* First homosexual movement

20th century|

* Dance of the Forty-One
* Institut für Sexualwissenschaft
* Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
* Cadet scandal
* Florida Legislative Investigation Committee
* Sea queens
* Compton's Cafeteria riot
* Stonewall riots
* Gay Liberation Front
* Handkerchief code
* Festival of Light action
* White Night riots
* Front homosexuel d'action révolutionnaire
* Florida orange juice boycott
* Operation Soap
* Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS
* ACT UP
* Section 28
* Tasty nightclub raid
* Bar Abanicos police raid

21st century|

* Timeline of same-sex marriage
* Lawrence v. Texas
* Russian anti-LGBTQ law
* Anti-Homosexuality Act, 2014
* Rainbow wave
* Rainbow Night
* 2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States

* Rights and legal issues

| LGBTQ rights by country or territory|

* Africa
* Americas
* Asia
* Europe
* Oceania
* List of LGBTQ rights articles by region

|

LGBTQ rights topics|

* Capital punishment for homosexuality
* Censorship of LGBTQ issues
* Civil unions and partnerships
* Criminalization of homosexuality
* decriminalization
* Hate crime laws
* Intersex human rights
* Military service
* Same-sex parenting
* Adoption
* Assisted reproduction
* Same-sex marriage
* Timeline
* Socialism
* Legal status of transgender people
* Transgender rights movement
* United Nations/Yogyakarta Principles
* La Francophonie
* Commonwealth of Nations

LGBTQ rights movements|

* Homophile
* Gay liberation
* LGBTQ rights groups
* LGBTQ rights activists
* Rainbow capitalism
* Separatism
* Gay
* Lesbian

Sexual orientation — Medicine, science and sexology

* Autism and LGBTQ identities
* Biology
* Birth order
* Demographics
* Disability and LGBTQ identities
* Environment
* Homosexuality and psychology
* Homosexuality in the DSM
* Kinsey scale
* Klein Grid
* Life expectancy
* Neuroscience
* Prenatal hormones
* Sexual inversion
* Conversion therapy
* Split attraction model
* Sexual orientation identity
* Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine

* Societal attitudes
* Prejudice
* Violence

| Societal attitudes|

* Amatonormativity
* Heteronormativity
* Heteropatriarchy
* Homonationalism
* Pinkwashing
* Gay panic defense
* Opposition to LGBTQ rights
* Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric
* LGBTQ stereotypes
* Suicide among LGBTQ people
* list
* Monuments and memorials
* Queerbaiting
* Homosexuality and religion
* Transgender people and religion

|

Prejudice and discrimination|

* Arophobia
* Acephobia
* Anti-gender movement
* AIDS stigma
* Biphobia
* Gayphobia
* Grooming conspiracy theory
* Heterosexism
* Homophobia
* Liberal homophobia
* Discrimination against lesbians
* Discrimination against non-binary people
* Racism
* Riddle scale
* SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups
* Transmisogyny
* Transphobia

Violence against LGBTQ people|

* Corrective rape
* Capital punishment for homosexuality
* Gay bashing
* History of violence in the UK
* History of violence in the US
* Persecution of homosexuals in Nazi Germany
* Acts of violence against LGBTQ people
* Stop Murder Music
* Violence against transgender people
* Unlawfully killed transgender people

* LGBTQ portal
* Category

Authority control databases

National|

* Germany
* United States
* France
* BnF data
* Israel

Other|

* Yale LUX

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template