Transport in Greece

Economy of Greece

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Economy of Greece

Overview

*   * Agriculture
* Banking
* (Bank of Greece, National Bank of Greece, list)
* Communications
* Companies
* Energy
* Industry
* Ports
* Shipping
* Stock Exchange
* (companies listed)
* Tourism
* Transport

History

* Economic history of Greece and the Greek world
* Greek economic miracle
* Greek debt crisis

Related

* Brands
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* Greece portal

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Metro Line 1, the oldest Metro line of Athens Urban area

Transport in Greece has undergone significant changes in the past two decades, vastly modernizing the country's infrastructure and transportation. Although ferry transport between islands remains the prominent method of transport between the nation's islands, improvements to the road infrastructure, rail, urban transport, and airports have all led to a vast improvement in transportation. These upgrades have played a key role in supporting Greece's economy, which in the past decade has come to rely heavily on the construction industry.

## Cable transport

[edit]

Lycabettus railway car Cable car of Santorini

* Lycabettus Funicular
* Parnitha Funitel
* Santorini cable car

## Rail transport

[edit]

Main article: Rail transport in Greece

### Railways

[edit]

* total: 2,571 km (1,598 mi), (764 km or 475 mi are, or will be, electrified)
* standard gauge: 1,565 km (972 mi) 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) gauge
* narrow gauge: 961 km (597 mi) 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauge; 22 km (14 mi) 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in) gauge
* dual gauge: 23 km (14 mi) combined 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) and 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) gauges (three rail system) (2004)

The state-owned company that owns and maintains Greece's railway network is OSE, Gaiose also a state-owned company owns and maintains railway stations, while Hellenic Train is the company responsible for operating all passenger trains and the most freight trains.

### Metro

[edit]

Athens Metro Train (1st Generation)

Cities with a rapid transit railway network:

* Athens Metro (3 lines) (another one under construction)
* Thessaloniki Metro (2 lines) (Extension)

### Commuter rail

[edit]

Main article: Proastiakos

Proastiakos commuter rail

Cities with a commuter rail network (Proastiakos):

* Athens (4 lines)
* Thessaloniki (3 lines)
* Patras (2 lines)

### Tram

[edit]

Athens Tram

* Athens Tram
* List of town tramway systems in Greece

## Road transport

[edit]

### Highways

[edit]

Main article: Highways in Greece

A2 motorway (Egnatia Odos)

Moreas Motorway.

Attiki Odos, near the Athens International Airport

* As of 2017, Greece has 2500 km of motorways.

Roads:

* total: 117,000 km
* paved: 107,406 km
* unpaved: 9,594 km (1996 est.)
* over 2500 tunnels (est.)

### Bus transport

[edit]

#### Urban bus transport

[edit]

Preserved vintage trolleybus of O.SY., Piraeus-Kastella line

* OSY subsidiary of Transport for Athens (OASA) organizes mass bus (Busses and trolleybuses) transit in Athens.
* OASTH organizes mass bus transit in Thessaloniki.
* Companies named Astiko KTEL provide mass bus transit in many of the other cities of Greece.

#### Intercity and regional bus transport

[edit]

Main article: KTEL (Greece)

KTEL is the common name for every company which is responsible for intercity and regional bus transit. Most of the regional units, though, have their own regional network of buses, and have their regional unit names labeled on KTEL vehicles that operate there. (e.g. KTEL Argolidas).

There are 4 major bus terminals in Greece, the biggest is in Thessaloniki (Macedonia Inter city bus terminal) which serves all of Greece while Athens has 2 separate bus terminals serving different parts of Greece (Kifissos bus terminal and Liossion bus terminal). A new Athens bus terminal in Elaionas will replace the two separate terminals and serve all of Greece with completion by 2026. A new bus terminal in Patras which will replace the old one is currently under construction in Agios Dionyssios just 200m from the current one and it will open in late 2024 after many delays due to COVID-19 pandemic and the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

## Water transport

[edit]

### Waterways

[edit]

View of the port of Patras

The 80 km system consists of three coastal canals including the Corinth Canal (6 km) and three unconnected rivers.

The Corinth Canal crosses the Isthmus of Corinth, connecting the Gulf of Corinth with the Saronic Gulf; and shortens the sea voyage from the Adriatic to Athens port of Piraeus by 325 km.

### Ports and harbours

[edit]

Main article: List of ports in Greece

* Alexandroupoli
* Argostoli
* Elefsina
* Ermoupolis
* Heraklion, Crete
* Kalamata
* Kavala
* Kerkyra
* Kos
* Chalkis
* Igoumenitsa
* Lavrio
* Patras
* Piraeus
* Port of Thessaloniki
* Volos
* Katakolo
* Mykonos
* Mytilene
* Rhodes (city)
* Souda
* Syros

### Merchant marine

[edit]

* total: 3,338 ships (with a volume of 1,000 gross tonnage (GT) or over) totaling 109,377,819 GT/182,540,868 tonnes deadweight (DWT)[1]
* ships by type (1999 est.)

* bulk carrier: 273
* cargo ship: 60
* chemical tanker: 22
* combination bulk: 5
* combination ore/oil: 8
* container ship: 43
* Liquified Gas Carrier: 5
* multi-functional large load carrier: 1
* passenger ship: 12
* passenger/cargo: 2
* petroleum tanker: 245
* refrigerated cargo: 3
* roll-on/roll-off ship: 19
* short-sea passenger: 75
* specialized tanker: 4
* vehicle carrier: 2

## Airports

[edit]

Main article: List of airports in Greece

Thessaloniki International Airport

* total: 82 (2005)
* With paved runways: 67

* over 3,047 m: 5
* 2,438–3,047 m: 16
* 1,524–2,437 m: 19
* 914–1,523 m: 17
* under 914 m: 10 (2005)

* With unpaved runways: 15

* 914 to 1,523 m: 3
* under 914 m: 12 (2005)

* heliports: 8 (2005)

## Pipelines

[edit]

* crude oil: 26 km
* petroleum products: 547 km

## Major construction projects

[edit]

### Completed projects

[edit]

#### Motorways

[edit]

* A1 motorway (PAThE): 550 km (340 mi)
* A11 motorway
* A2 motorway (Egnatia Odos): 670 km (420 mi)
* A24 motorway
* A25 motorway
* A27 motorway (partially complete)
* A29 motorway: 77 km (48 mi)
* A3 motorway (Central Greece Motorway, part of the E65, partially complete)
* A5 motorway (Ionia Odos, partially complete): 196 km (122 mi)
* Rio–Antirrio bridge 2,880 metre long (9,449 ft) (2nd longest cable bridge in Europe
* A52 motorway
* A6 motorway (Attiki Odos): 69.7 km (43.3 mi)
* A62 motorway
* A621 motorway
* A64 motorway
* A7 motorway (Moreas Motorway): 205 km (127 mi)
* A71 motorway
* A8 motorway (Olympia Odos): 210 km (130 mi)
* A90 motorway (partially complete)

#### Railways

[edit]

* Athens Airport–Patras railway (completed until Aigio)
* Thessaloniki–Alexandroupoli railway
* Athens Metro

* Line 1
* Line 2
* Line 3

* Athens Tram

#### Ports and harbours

[edit]

Pireaus Port Rafina Port Lavrion Port

#### Airports

[edit]

* Athens International Airport
* Thessaloniki Airport \- "Makedonia"

### Projects under construction

[edit]

* North Road Axis of Crete
* Branches of Egnatia Odos
* A27 motorway

#### Railways

[edit]

* Construction and electrification of extension to Patras of Athens Airport–Patras railway
* Line 4 (Athens Metro)
* Thessaloniki Metro

#### Ports and harbours

[edit]

#### Airports

[edit]

* New Heraklion Airport in Kasteli

### Future projects

[edit]

#### Motorways

[edit]

* Larisa–Kozane Motorway
* Eleusina-Oinofyta
* Attiki odos extension to Lavrio and Rafina

#### Railways

[edit]

* Igoumenitsa–Ioannina–Kalampaka line
* Thessaloniki Metro extensions
* Athens metro line 5
* Kalampaka–Kastoria line
* Florina–Pogradec line
* Kalamaka–Kozani–Thessaloniki–Kavala–Toxotes line
* Ioannina–Rio line
* Thessaloniki–Chalkidiki line
* Thessaloniki–Giannitsa–Skydra line
* Chania–Rethymnon–Herakleion line
* Thessaloniki Tram
* Heraklion Tram
* Patras Tram
* Larisa Tram
* Ioannina Tram
* Volos Tram

#### Airports

[edit]

## See also

[edit]

* Rapid transit in Greece
* Greek shipping
* Plug-in electric vehicles in Greece

## References

[edit]

*  This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.

## External links

[edit]

* www.Greek-Motorway.Net
* The Hellenic Merchant Maritime Sector: A Historical and Business Overview (Balkanalysis.com)

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Greece topics

* Basic topics
* Alphabetical index of topics

History

| Prehistory (pre-1100 BC)|

* Neolithic Age
* Bronze Age
* Pelasgians
* Cycladic civilization
* Minoan civilization
* Helladic period
* Mycenaean period
* Bronze Age collapse

|

Antiquity (1100 BC-330 AD)|

* Greek Dark Ages
* Iron Age migrations
* Archaic period
* Greco-Persian Wars
* Classical period
* Delian and Peloponnesian League
* Peloponnesian War
* League of Corinth
* Wars of Alexander the Great
* Hellenistic period
* Wars of the Diadochi
* Roman–Greek wars
* Roman era
* Foundation of Constantinople

Middle Ages (330–1453)|

* Byzantine period
* Persecution of paganism
* Migration period
* Plague of Justinian
* Arab–Byzantine wars
* Iconoclasm
* Macedonian Renaissance
* East–West Schism
* Fourth Crusade
* Frankokratia
* Empire of Nicaea, Despotate of Epirus and Despotate of the Morea
* Fall of Constantinople

Early modern
and Modern era (post-1453)|

* Stato da Màr (Venetian Ionian islands, Kingdom of Candia)
* Ottoman Greece
* Modern Greek Enlightenment
* Septinsular Republic
* War of Independence
* First Republic
* Kingdom
* Balkan Wars
* World War I
* National Schism
* Greco-Turkish War
* History of Greece (1923–1940)
* Second Republic
* 4th of August Regime
* World War II
* Civil war
* Military junta
* Democratization
* Third Republic

By topic|

* Ancient regions and tribes
* Byzantine and Ottoman Greeks
* Christianization
* Colonization
* Coups d'état
* Demographic (Modern)
* Economic
* Geographical name changes
* Greek countries and regions
* Greek Muslims
* Renaissance scholars
* Hellenic languages and Proto-Greek
* Inventions and discoveries
* Language question
* Military
* Monarchy (Kings and royal family)
* Phanariotes
* Polis
* Population exchange of 1923

Geography

| Overview|

* Borders
* Cities (capital and co-capital)
* Extreme points
* Place names

|

Regions|

* Central Greece (Aetolia-Acarnania (Aetolia, Acarnania), Attica, Boeotia, Euboea, Evrytania, Phocis, Phthiotis, Saronic Islands)
* Crete (Chania, Heraklion, Rethymno, Lasithi)
* Cyclades (Andros, Delos, Kea, Kythnos, Milos, Mykonos, Naxos, Paros, Santorini, Syros, Tinos)
* Dodecanese (Agathonisi, Astypalaia, Chalki, Kalymnos, Karpathos, Kasos, Kos, Leipsoi, Leros, Nisyros, Patmos, Rhodes, Symi, Tilos, Kastellorizo)
* Epirus (Arta, Ioannina, Preveza, Thesprotia)
* Ionian Islands (Corfu, Ithaca, Kefalonia, Kythira, Lefkada, Paxi, Zakynthos)
* Macedonia (Chalkidiki, Drama, Florina, Grevena, Imathia, Kastoria, Kavala, Kilkis, Kozani, Pella, Pieria, Serres, Thasos, Thessaloniki)
* North Aegean islands (Chios, Ikaria, Lemnos, Lesbos, Samos)
* Peloponnese (Arcadia, Argolis, Corinthia, Laconia, Messenia, Achaea, Elis)
* Thessaly (Karditsa, Larissa, Magnesia, Trikala, Sporades)
* Thrace (Evros, Rhodope, Xanthi)

Terrain|

* Canyons and gorges
* Caves
* Geology
* Islands (Aegean, Ionian, Crete)
* Mountains (Olympus, Pindus, Rhodopes)
* Peninsulas
* Plains
* Volcanoes

Water|

* Coasts
* Lakes
* Rivers
* Mediterranean Sea
* Aegean Sea (Sea of Crete, Icarian Sea, Myrtoan Sea, Thracian Sea)
* Ionian Sea
* Libyan Sea

Environment|

* Climate
* Natural disasters (earthquakes)
* Ecoregions
* Environmental issues
* Forests
* Mammals and birds
* National Parks
* Protected areas

Politics

| Constitution|

* Constitutional amendments (1986, 2001, 2008, 2019)
* Constitutions (1822, 1827, 1844, 1864, 1911)
* Supreme Special Court

|

Executive|

* Cabinet
* Government (Government Gazette)
* President (Presidential Mansion)
* Prime Minister (Maximos Mansion)

Legislature|

* Conference of Presidents
* Hellenic Parliament (Speaker)
* Parliamentary Committees
* Presidium

Elections|

* Nationality law
* Parataxis
* Parliamentary constituencies
* Pasokification
* Political parties

Judicial system|

* Council of State
* Court of Audit
* Supreme Court

Security|

* Police
* Capital punishment
* Corruption
* Crime (Greek mafia)
* Life imprisonment
* Terrorism
* Coast Guard

Foreign relations|

* Aegean dispute
* Cyprus dispute
* Council of Europe
* European Union
* Macedonia naming dispute (Language naming dispute)
* NATO
* Passport
* Treaties
* United Nations

Military|

* Air Force
* Alliances
* Army
* Conscription
* Military ranks
* Navy
* Evzones (Presidential Guard)
* National Guard
* Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

Social issues|

* Abortion
* Cannabis
* Education (universities)
* Healthcare (hospitals, obesity, smoking)
* Human rights
* Human rights abuses
* LGBT rights
* Prostitution
* Political scandals
* Racism

Ideologies|

* Conservatism (Monarchism)
* Fascism (Metaxism)
* Liberalism (Republicanism, Venizelism)
* Nationalism (Hellenocentrism, Megali Idea, Enosis)
* New Social Movements (Environmentalism, Feminism, Pacifism)
* Socialism (Laocracy, Trotskyism)
* Anarchism

Administrative divisions|

* Municipalities and communities
* Administrative regions
* Regional units
* Decentralized administrations

Economy

* Agriculture
* Airports
* Athens Stock Exchange (companies)
* Banking (Central bank)
* Central bank
* Brands
* Companies (electric power)
* Debt crisis (Grexit)
* Drachma
* Energy (renewable, nuclear)
* Euro coins
* Greece and the International Monetary Fund
* Greek economic miracle
* Highways
* Laiki agora
* Ports
* Public pensions
* Railways (history)
* Rankings
* Science and technology
* Shipping (Merchant Marine)
* Space Agency
* Subdivisions by GDP
* Taxation
* Telecommunications
* Thessaloniki International Fair
* Tourism
* Trade unions
* Transportation (Rio–Antirrio bridge, Athens Metro, Thessaloniki Metro)
* Water supply and sanitation

Society

| Demographics|

* Diaspora
* Greeks (names of Greece and the Greeks)
* Immigration
* Minorities (Muslim minority, Jews, Arvanites, Aromanians (Aromanian question), Megleno-Romanians, Slavophones, Roma)
* Women
* Life expectancy

|

Culture|

* Anastenaria
* Caryatid
* Clean Monday
* Concept of kingship
* Dress (Chiton, Chlamys, Exomis, Fustanella, Himation, Mariner's cap, Peplos, Perizoma, Tsarouchi, Vraka)
* Eastern Party
* Festivals
* Folklore
* Greek East and Latin West
* Greektown
* Hellenization
* Hospitality
* Carols (Christmas, New Year's, Theophany's)
* Mangas
* Mountza
* Naming customs
* Paideia
* Philhellenism and Hellenophobia
* Plate smashing
* Philosophy
* Public holidays (Independence Day, Ohi Day)
* Rouketopolemos
* Souliotic songs
* Theophany
* Tsiknopempti
* Units of measurement
* Worry beads

Art|

* Architecture (Castles)
* Cretan and Heptanese school
* Modern art (19th century)
* Theatre (Ancient)
* Religious art

Cuisine|

* Breads (Daktyla, Kritsini, Lagana, Paximadi, Tsoureki)
* Desserts (Diples, Halva, Koulourakia, Kourabiedes, Loukoumades, Melomakarona, Pasteli, Spoon sweets, Vasilopita)
* List of dishes
* Drinks (Mastika, Metaxa, Ouzo, Rakomelo, Sideritis, Tentura, Tsipouro, Tsikoudia, Frappé coffee)
* Cheeses (Anthotyros, Feta, Graviera, Kasseri, Kefalotyri, Ladotyri, Manouri, Metsovone, Mizithra)
* Filo (Amygdalopita, Bougatsa, Galaktoboureko, Karydopita, Spanakopita, Tiropita)
* Greek salad (Dakos)
* Meze
* Pasta (Gogges, Flomaria, Hilopites)
* Restaurants (Kafenio, Ouzeri, Taverna)
* Sauces (Skordalia, Taramosalata, Tirokafteri, Tzatziki)
* Souvlaki
* Varieties (Heptanesean, Cretan, Epirote, Macedonian)
* Wine (Agiorgitiko, Aidini, Assyrtiko, Athiri, Kotsifali, Lesbian, Limnio, Mavrodafni, Mandilaria, Malagousia, Malvasia, Moschofilero, Retsina, Robola, Savatiano, Vilana, Xinomavro)

Languages|

* Greek alphabet (History, Orthography, Diacritics, Braille, Cyrillization, Romanization (Greeklish) and numerals
* Greek language (Demotic, Katharevousa) and dialects (Cappadocian, Cretan, Cypriot, Greco-Australian, Maniot, Pontic, Tsakonian, Yevanic)
* Greek Sign Language
* History (Mycenaean Greek, Ancient Greek, Koine Greek, Medieval Greek, Modern Greek)
* Literature (Ancient, Medieval, Modern)
* Minority languages (Albanian language (Arvanitika), Aromanian, Balkan Romani, Bulgarian, Ladino, Macedonian, Megleno-Romanian, Turkish)
* Proverbs
* Words for love

Media|

* Cinema
* Internet
* Newspapers
* Television
* Media freedom
* Corruption

Music|

* Church music
* Dances (Ai Georgis, Angaliastos, Antikristos, Ballos, Dionysiakos, Fisounis, Gaitanaki, Geranos, Hasapiko, Ikariotikos, Kalamatianos, Kangeli, Kastorianos, Kerkiraikos, Koftos, Pidikhtos, Leventikos, Maniatikos, Metsovitikos, Ntames, Palamakia, Partalos, Pentozali, Proskinitos, Pyrrhichios, Rougatsiarikos, Sirtaki, Sousta, Syrtos, Trata, Tsakonikos, Tsamikos, Zeibekiko, Zervos)
* Éntekhno
* Folk music (Cretan, Epirote, Heptanesian, Macedonian, Nisiotika, Peloponnesian, Pontic, Thessalian, Thracian)
* Hip Hop
* Ionian School
* Laïko (Skyladiko)
* Musical instruments (Askomandoura, Aulos, Bouzouki, Byzantine lyra (Cretan, Macedonian, Politiki, Pontic), Crotala, Floghera, Gaida, Harp, Laouto, Lyre, Organo, Pan flute, Phorminx, Psaltery, Salpinx, Santouri, Souravli, Tambouras, Tambourine, Trigono, Tsampouna, Tympano, Zilia)
* Rebetiko
* Rock (Punk)

Religion and lore|

* Ancient religion (Origins, Modern Revival)
* Aerico
* Buddhism
* Catholicism
* Drosoulites
* Eastern Orthodox Church (Timeline: Antiquity, Early Middle Ages, Late Middle Ages, Early Modern Era, 19th century, Early 20th century, Late 20th century, Contemporary)
* Fairy tales
* Gello
* Greek Orthodox Church (Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, Church of Greece, Flag)
* Greek Old Calendarists
* Hinduism
* Hypertimos
* Islam
* Judaism (History)
* Kallikantzaros
* Lamia
* Mormo
* Mount Athos
* Mythology (Primordial deities, Titans, Twelve Olympians, Heracles, Odysseus, Jason, Oedipus, Perseus, Daedalus, Orpheus, Theseus, Bellerephon, Satyr, Centaur)
* Nymph
* Protestantism
* Psychai
* Sikhism
* Thymiaterion
* Name days
* Vrykolakas
* Wayside shrine

Sport|

* Ancient Olympics
* Baseball
* Basketball
* Cricket
* Football
* Hockey
* Ice hockey
* Modern Olympics (1896, 1906, 2004)
* Rugby league

Symbols|

* Anthem
* Coat of arms
* Flag and national colours
* Flags
* Motto
* Orders and decorations
* World Heritage Sites

* Category
* Portal

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Transport in Europe

Sovereign states|

* Albania
* Andorra
* Armenia
* Austria
* Azerbaijan
* Belarus
* Belgium
* Bosnia and Herzegovina
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Georgia
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Iceland
* Ireland
*   * Italy
* Kazakhstan
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* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Moldova
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* Netherlands
* North Macedonia
* Norway
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* Portugal
* Romania
* Russia
* San Marino
* Serbia
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* Switzerland
* Turkey
* Ukraine
* United Kingdom
* Vatican City

States with limited
recognition|

* Abkhazia
* Kosovo
* Northern Cyprus
* South Ossetia
* Transnistria

Dependencies and
other entities|

* Åland
* Faroe Islands
* Gibraltar
* Guernsey
* Isle of Man
* Jersey
* Svalbard

Other entities|

* European Union

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