Trebizond vilayet

First-level administrative division of the Ottoman Empire

ولايت طربزون
Vilâyet-i Ṭrabzōn
Vilayet de Trébizonde

Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire
1867–1922

The Trebizond Vilayet in 1890
Capital| Trabizond[1]
History|

• Vilayet Law

| 1867

• Disestablished

| 1922

Preceded by | Succeeded by

|

|  | Trebizond Eyalet

|

| Giresun Province |

|

Gümüşhane Province |
Ordu Province |
Rize Province |
Samsun Province |
Trabzon Province |
Kutais Governorate |
Today part of| Turkey

The Vilayet of Trebizond (Ottoman Turkish: ولايت طربزون, romanized: Vilâyet-i Ṭrabzōn; French: Vilayet de Trébizonde) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) in the north-eastern part of the Ottoman Empire, corresponding to the area along the eastern Black Sea coastline and the interior highland region of the Pontic Alps.[1]

At the beginning of the 20th century, it reportedly had an area of 12,082 square miles (31,290 km2), while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 1,047,700.[3] The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.[3]

After the Russian-Turkish War of 1877–1878, the sanjak of Lazistan was established.[4] Rize became the center of the district due to the cession of Batumi, the former centre of the sanjak, to Russia with kaza of Artvin. The salname of the year 1344h/1904-1905 mentioned several Armenian pharmacists.[5] The Vilayet also counted with a considerable Pontic Greek population.[6]

During World War I eastern half of vilayet (Kazas of Görele, Vakfıkebir, Akçaabat, Trabzon, Of and Maçka with sanjaks of Lazistan and Gümüşhane) was occupied by Russian troops by summer 1916. It was retaken by Ottomans in 1918.

## Demographics

[edit]

Map of subdivisions of Trebizond Vilayet in 1907

The Sanjak of Trabzon had a Muslim majority since the 16th century. Western estimates given in the 19th century about the City of Trabzon estimate a Turkish majority.[7]

### Census of 1914

[edit]

Ethno-religious composition of the districts of the Trabzon vilayet 1914[8]

Sanjak/Kaza | Muslims | Greek Orthodox | Armenian | Jewish | Others | Total
Trabzon | 64,726 | 23,806 | 14,846 | 8 | 127 | 104,858
Ordu | 111,421 | 18,505 | 12,349 | - | 1,211 | 143,491
Of | 75,050 | 1,819 | - | - | - | 76,869
Akçaabat | 56,401 | 6,561 | 3,517 | - | - | 66,479
Tirebolu | 48,999 | 10,530 | 868 | - | - | 60,397
Sürmene | 57,698 | 9,762 | 323 | - | - | 67,783
Giresun | 92,301 | 24,138 | 2,275 | - | - | 118,714
Görele | 42,823 | 1,648 | 312 | - | - | 44,783
Vakfıkebir | 28.484 | 13 | 51 | - | - | 28,548
Maçka | 17,950 | 19,575 | 258 | - | - | 37,783
Trabzon Sanjak | 595,853 | 116,357 | 36,149 | 8 | 1,338 | 749,705
Lazistan (Rize) | 122,055 | 1,507 | 5 | - | - | 123,567
Atina | 50,297 | 171 | 28 | - | - | 50,496
Hopa | 38,156 | 44 | 2 | - | - | 38,202
Lazistan sanjak | 210,508 | 1,722 | 35 | - | - | 212,265
Gümüşhane | 29,639 | 9,179 | 1,817 | - | - | 40,635
Şiran | 29,686 | 30,547 | 24 | - | - | 60,257
Torul | 22,312 | 3,155 | 392 | - | - | 25,859
Kelkit | 33,130 | 614 | 482 | - | - | 34,226
Gümüşhane sanjak | 114,767 | 43,495 | 2,715 | - | - | 160,977
Canik (Samsun) | 44,992 | 54,709 | 4,791 | 18 | 533 | 105,044
Ünye | 58,351 | 5,251 | 5,861 | 9 | - | 69,472
Bafra | 48,944 | 30.838 | 1,735 |  | - | 81,517
Fatsa | 35,678 | 3,026 | 1,250 | - | 385 | 40,339
Çarşamba | 54,353 | 3,948 | 10,820 | - | 609 | 69,730
Terme | 23,632 | 967 | 2,601 | - | - | 27,200
Canik sanjak | 265,950 | 98,739 | 27,319 | 27 | 1,267 | 393,302
Total | 1,187,078 | 260,313 | 66,218 | 35 | 2,605 | 1,516,249
Note: Included in the 66,218 Armenians are 64,607 Apostolics and 1,611 Catholics.

## Administrative divisions

[edit]

The vilayet included three sanjaks (four after 1889)[9] and 22 kazas.[10] Sanjaks of the Vilayet:

1. Trabzon Sanjak (Trabzon, Ordu, Giresun, Tirebolu, Görele, Vakfıkebir, Sürmene, Of, Akçaabat, Maçka)
2. Gümüşhane Sanjak (Gümüşhane, Kelkit, Şiran, Torul)
3. Lazistan Sanjak (Its center was Batumi at first until 1878, later Rize after 1878) (Rize, Atina, Artvin; Sometimes included Of as well)
4. Canik Sanjak (Its center was Samsun after 1889) (Samsun, Bafra, Ünye, Fatsa, Çarşamba, Terme)

## References

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Vilayet of Trebizond.

1. ^ a b Geographical Dictionary of the World, p. 1854, at Google Books
2. ^ "1914 Census Statistics" (PDF). Turkish General Staff. pp. 605–606\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 29 January 2011.
3. ^ a b Asia by A. H. Keane, page 459
4. ^ Gündüz Ali, Hemşinliler, Dil-Tarih-Kültür, Ardanuj Kültür Yardımlaşma Derneği, Yayın No: 2, Ankara, 2002, s. 61.
5. ^ Krikorian, Mesrob K. (1 January 1977). Armenians in the Service of the Ottoman Empire, 1860-1908. Routledge and Kegan Paul. p. 48\. ISBN 9781138492073.
6. ^ Krikorian, Mesrob K. (1 January 1977), p. 49
7. ^ Lowry, Heath (2009). Islamization and Turkification of City of Trabzon.
8. ^ Karpat, Kemal (1985). Ottoman Population, 1830-1914: Demographic and Social Characteristics. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 180–184\. ISBN 9780299091606.
9. ^ Yurt Ansiklopedisi, Rize, s. 6365.
10. ^ Yüksel A., Doğu Karadeniz Araştırmaları, Kitabevi, İstanbul, 2005, s.

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Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire

c. 1365 – 1867 (eyalets)

| Africa|

* Algiers
* Egypt
* Muhammad Ali dynasty
* Habesh
* Tripolitania
* Tunis

|

Anatolia|

* Adana
* Aidin
* Anatolia
* Ankara
* Childir
* Diyarbekir
* Dulkadir
* Erzurum
* Hüdavendigâr
* Karaman
* Kars
* Kastamonu
* Kurdistan
* Rum
* Trebizond
* Van

Europe|

* Adrianople
* Archipelago
* Bosnia
* Budin
* Crete
* Egir
* Herzegovina
* Kanije
* Kefe
* Morea
* Niš
* Podolia
* Rumelia
* Salonica
* Silistra
* Temeşvar
* Uyvar
* Varat
* Widdin
* Yanina

Levant|

* Aleppo
* Cyprus
* Damascus
* Jerusalem
* Sidon
* Mount Lebanon
* Tripoli

Arabia|

* Yemen
* Lahsa

Mesopotamia|

* Baghdad (Mamluk of Iraq)
* Mosul
* Basra
* Rakka
* Shahrizor

1867–1922 (vilayets and mutasarrıfates)

| Africa|

* Tripolitania

|

Anatolia|

* Adana
* Aidin
* Angora (Ankara)
* Archipelago
* Bitlis
* Constantinople (Istanbul)
* Diyarbekir
* Erzurum
* Hüdavendigâr
* Kastamonu
* Konya
* Mamuret-ul-Aziz
* Sivas
* Trebizond (Trabzon)
* Van

Europe|

* Adrianople (Edirne)
* Bosnia
* Constantinople
* Crete
* Danube
* Janina
* Kosovo
* Manastir
* Salonica
* Scutari

Levant|

* Aleppo
* Beirut
* Mount Lebanon
* Syria
* Jerusalem

Arabia|

* Hejaz
* Yemen

Mesopotamia|

* Baghdad
* Mosul
* Basra

Vassals and autonomies

| Vassals|

* Cossack Hetmanate
* Ottoman Ukraine
* Crimean Khanate
* Khanate of Kazan
* Principality of Moldavia
* Sharifate of Mecca
* Republic of Ragusa
* Serbian Despotate
* Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1672–1676)
* Duchy of Syrmia
* Principality of Transylvania
* Principality of Wallachia
* Principality of Romania
* Principality of Serbia
* Principality of Bulgaria
* Kingdom of Imereti
* Septinsular Republic

|

Autonomies|

* Cretan State
* Khedivate of Egypt
* Kurdish emirates
* Mamluk of Iraq
* Eastern Rumelia
* Principality of Samos

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