Trilateral Patent Offices

European Patent Office, Japan Patent Office, and the United States Patent and Trademark Office

Patent law

Overviews

* Patent
* Patent claim
* History
* Economics
* Criticism

Procedural concepts

* Application
* Prosecution
* Opposition
* Valuation
* Licensing
* Infringement

Patentability requirements and related concepts

* Patentable subject matter
* Inventorship
* Novelty
* Inventive step and non-obviousness
* Industrial applicability
* Utility
* Person skilled in the art
* Prior art

Other legal requirements

* Sufficiency of disclosure
* Unity of invention

By region / country

* Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)
* Australia
* Canada
* China
* Europe
* Germany
* Japan
* Netherlands
* United States

By specific subject matter

* Biological
* Business method
* Chemical
* Insurance
* Software
* Tax

See also

* Patent analysis
* Pirate Party
* Category
* Glossary

* v
* t
* e

The Trilateral Patent Offices, or simply the Trilateral Offices, are the European Patent Office (EPO), the Japan Patent Office (JPO) and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). In 1983, these patent offices set up a programme of co-operation in an effort to "improve efficiency of the global patent system".[1]

## History

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The EPO, JPO and USPTO handle the majority of the world's patent applications.[2] In 1983, these patent offices set up a programme of co-operation in an effort to "improve efficiency of the global patent system"[1] and to exchange information and views on patent administration and examination practice in order to gain mutual benefits.[3]

## Co-operation areas

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Key areas of co-operation include the development of a common system architecture for electronic exchange of documents such as priority documents, developing standards for electronic filing of patent applications and genetic sequence submissions, harmonisation of patent practices, and developing common patent information dissemination policies.[4]

### Business method patents

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Main article: Business method patent

In June 2000, the Trilateral Offices released the results of a study on business method related inventions entitled.[5] This report concluded that the mere automation of a known human transaction process using well known automation techniques was not patentable, and that a technical aspect was necessary for a computer implemented business method to be patentable, although this aspect need only be implicit in US claims.[3]

It was decided that an important area of focus should be collaboration on searching prior art in the business method field. In November 2001, the Trilateral Offices released the results of a study of search tools and strategies.[6] The report concluded that each Office’s ability to search the prior art for business method inventions was satisfactory but that the EPO and USPTO should make more use of the JPO search documentation and vice versa and that there should be more exchange of non-patent literature (NPL) searching information.[3]

## See also

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* Eurasian Patent Organization
* Triadic patent
* Patent Prosecution Highway (PPH)
* IP5 (intellectual property offices)

## References

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1. ^ a b European Patent Office web site, Trilateral cooperation, Projects. Consulted on March 19, 2008.
2. ^ M. Ichikawa, Towards a Global Patent System: The Japan Patent Office View., CASRIP Publication Series: Reconciling Int’l Intellectual Property, No 7, 2001, page 150
3. ^ a b c Report on a review of the patenting of business systems Archived 2005-11-03 at the Wayback Machine, Advisory Council on Intellectual Property
4. ^ Most significant achievements, The Trilateral Co-Operation
5. ^ "Report on Comparative Study Carried Out under Trilateral Project B3b", Trilateral Technical Meeting, June 14-16, 2000, Tokyo, JPO
6. ^ "Trilateral Project B3a", Exchange of Search Results, Report on Concurrent Search Program using PCT Applications for Business Method-related Inventions

## External links

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* Trilateral web site
* Trilateral Statistical Reports from 1996 to 2004

### Further reading

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* Patent Application Outcomes across the Trilateral Patent Offices, Jensen, Paul H.; Palangkaraya, Alfons; and Webster, Elizabeth M. (April 2005). Melbourne Institute Working Paper No. 5/05
* Trilateral offices commit to cooperate, Managing Intellectual Property, 1 November 2007
* OECD Science, Technology and Industry Outlook 2006 By Oecd, OECD. Published 2006. ISBN 92-64-02848-X. Pages 162-163 in particular.

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