Trois coups

French theatre tradition to start performancess

In a French theatre, les trois coups (the three blows) are hit on the floor of the stage with a stick called brigadier, just before the start of a performance, in order to attract public attention for the rise of the curtain.

In French classical theatre, the dramaturge pounded the ground with twelve quick blows to announce to the machinists the start of the performance. Then a first blow came in response from the fly system operators; a second response rose from below the stage and a third one came from the opposite wing. Each machinist being in their position for the performance, the dramaturge could open the curtain.[1]

The military rank of brigadier was given to a worker leading a team. The dramaturge, using a stick to hit the three blows, gathered the theatre staff to begin the show, like a brigadier gathering his men. Through metonymy, the stick itself was called a "brigadier".

The theatre brigadier is traditionally made of wood with a piece of theatre pole[definition needed], decorated with red velvet and gold studded nails.

For years the Comédie-Française would hit six blows in order to commemorate the uniting of the two troupes, that of the Hôtel de Bourgogne and Molière's company, previously associated with that of the Théâtre du Marais under Louis XIV, allowing for daily performances.

## At the Olympic Games

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At the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris, each session of the games commenced with les trois coups,[2] often referred to as the "coup de bâton ceremony".[3] The brigadier was often wielded by a prominent individual (or pair) in the sport, but also by other public figures and volunteers.[2]

## References

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1. ^ Jean-Paul Gousset, technical director of the Royal Opera of Versailles, in Secrets d'histoire : Marie-Antoinette intime…, Société européenne de production, 2010.
2. ^ a b Padovani, Loïc (27 July 2024). "Paris 2024 Olympics: Why are there three strikes before every event?". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
3. ^ BSR Agency (9 August 2024). "Breaking - Olympic Games Paris 2024: Day 14". Getty Images. Retrieved 11 August 2024. "US rapper Snoop Dogg performs the Coup de Baton ceremony"

## External links

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* (in French) Gisèle Casadessus hitting the three blows (video)
* (in French) History
* (in French) Origin of the "brigadier"
* (in French) Le rite des trois coups (karambolage) from ARTE
* (in French) Picture of a "brigadier" Théâtre de la Huchette

## See also

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* Prix du Brigadier

Portal:

* theatre