Trolleybuses in Milan

Trolleybus system in Milan, Italy

Milan trolleybus system

Breda 4001, no 210, at Via Tonale. This model is no longer in service

Operation
Locale| Milan, Lombardy, Italy
Open| 28 October 1933 (1933-10-28)[1]
Routes| 4
Operator(s)| ATM
Infrastructure
Electrification| 550-600 V DC parallel overhead lines etc
Depot(s)| Via Molise, Via Novara
Statistics
Route length| 40.4 km (25.1 mi)
| Overview

Website| http://www.atm-mi.it/ ATM (in Italian)

The Milan trolleybus system (Italian: Rete filoviaria di Milano) is part of the public transport network of Milan, Italy.[2] In operation since 1933, the system presently comprises four routes.[2] It is the second-oldest trolleybus system in Europe, after that of Lausanne, and the fifth-oldest in the world.[3]

## History

[edit]

"Vibertone" no. 548, restored 2009.

The first trolleybuses were introduced in Milan as vehicles operating exclusively within the 1906 world fair, at Piazza D'Armi, a plaza which has since been demolished and replaced by the Citylife district.[2] The first proper trolleybus system was established in Milan in 1933, with the opening of the short route 81 (Piazza Spotorno – Piazza Dergano).[4]

In subsequent decades, the system developed rapidly, with the opening of radial and tangential routes. The new external circular route (originally CE (circolare esterna), now 90/91) was built as a trolleybus line.[2]

In the mid-1970s, it was intended to transform the 90/91 circular route into a light rail line, and abandon the rest of the trolleybus network.[5] Many trolleybus routes were therefore converted into bus routes, and their overhead wires were removed.

Routes abandoned during the 1970s and 1980s were:

* 81 and 82 (closed 27 September 1976);[2][6]
* 83 and MB (closed 25 October 1976);[2][6]
* 84 (closed 6 February 1984).[2][6]
* 95 (closed 20 September 1977);[6]
* 96/97 (closed 5 March 1979);[2][6]

In subsequent years, following the abandonment of the proposal for the 90/91 tram line,[5] there were no more interventions on the system, except for some limited changes to the routes.

Currently, efforts are focused on reducing journey times, with the construction of dedicated lanes,[7] and the provision of higher quality busses,[8] which replaced all instances of the older trollybus models.[9] There are no plans to expand the system.

## Service

[edit]

A Socimi II series (on Iveco 2470 chassis), no. 924, on route 92. This model is no longer in service An articulated Irisbus Cristalis, no. 409, in service on route 90. This model is no longer in service. A Van Hool trolleybus for ATM, on test in Belgium before delivery to Milan.

The four routes are:

* 90 clockwise circle line (Viale Isonzo - Lotto M1 - Viale Isonzo);[2]
* 91 counter-clockwise circle line (Viale Isonzo - Lotto M1 - Viale Isonzo);[2]
* 92 Viale Isonzo - Bovisa FN;[2]
* 93 Viale Omero - Lambrate M2.[2]

## Fleet

[edit]

### Past fleet

[edit]

The fleet comprised many different types of trolleybuses during the 20th century, including many vehicles built by Alfa Romeo and Fiat and smaller batches built by other manufacturers, such as Isotta Fraschini.[10] The world's first articulated trolleybus was a prototype built in 1939 for the Milan system.[1] It had an Isotta Fraschini chassis, a body by Stanga, and TIBB electrical equipment, and it was only able to bend vertically, not horizontally.[1]: 70

The following types were still in service during the 21st century[10] but are retired now:

* 70 Socimi 8820 trolleybuses on Fiat 2470.12 chassis (nos. 901–970),[11] built in 1983–1985.[10] Many were sold or dismantled in 2008/2009 (ATM sold 23 vehicles to Ruse, Bulgaria). The last units in service in Milan were withdrawn in November 2023.[12]
* 33 Bredabus 4001.18 F04 articulated trolleybuses (nos. 200–232),[13] built in 1992–94; last active unit (no. 230) was withdrawn in April 2024.[14]
* 8 Autodromo BusOtto (nos. 300–307), also known as MAN NGT 204 trolleybuses, as Autodromo constructed them on MAN chassis; built in 1997. By spring 2023, all had been taken out of service,[15] and only two remained in storage.[16]
* 33 Socimi F8843 articulated trolleybuses on Iveco 2480 chassis (nos. 100–132),[17] built in 1991–1995.[10] Although all 33 received "Socimi" badges on the front, Socimi only completed the first unit (no. 100), and then discontinued all trolleybus production, with Macchi being hired to complete the manufacturing of the bodies and overall production of the remaining 32 vehicles.[18] By the end of 2024 all units were retired[9]
* 10 Irisbus Cristalis type "ETB 18" articulated trolleybuses (nos. 400–409),[19] built in 2006–2007; only two (406/7) were still active in March 2024.[12] The last two were retired in mid-2024.[20]

### Current fleet

[edit]

Milan's current trolleybus fleet is as follows:

A Solaris Trollino articulated trolleybus in Milan, in service on route 92

* 45 Van Hool AG300T articulated trolleybuses (nos. 700–744),[21] built 2009–2012 and purchased in three orders of 15 each. The first two vehicles entered service in April 2009[22] while the last batch of 15 (nos. 730–744) arrived between December 2011[23] and May 2012.[24]
* 80 Solaris Trollino IV 18-metre articulated trolleybuses (nos. 800–879),[25] built in 2019–2023, and delivered in two separate batches. The first thirty (800–829) entered service between May 2020[26] and June 2021. An order for 50 more (to be nos. 830–879) was placed in November 2021;[27] the first unit entered service in June 2023, and at least 29 of the 50 had entered service by February 2024.[12]

#### Preserved vehicles

[edit]

* 1 Fiat 2472/Viberti articulated trolleybus (no. 548), built in 1958. Retired from regular service in 1996 and renovated in 2008.[28]

## Depots

[edit]

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|

There are presently two large trolleybus depots in Milan. The first depot is located in Viale Molise, east of the city. This depot accommodates about 70 trolleybuses and 40 articulated trolleybuses. The second depot is in the west of the city, and more specifically in Via Novara. It hosts about 40 articulated trolleybuses.

Both depots are used not only for the storage of trolley buses, but also for diesel powered buses. In contrast with the depots used solely for diesel buses, these depots are fully covered, for the better safeguarding of the fleet.

## See also

[edit]

* Transport portal

* Trams in Milan
* List of trolleybus systems in Italy
* Milan Metro

## References

[edit]

### Notes

[edit]

1. ^ a b c Murray, Alan (2000). World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia. Yateley, Hampshire, UK: Trolleybooks. pp. 69–70, 90. ISBN 0-904235-18-1.
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Spada, Oliviero. "Il Filobus, un mezzo di trasporto milanese". Milanofree.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-12-25.
3. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 343 (January–February 2019), p. 30. National Trolleybus Association (UK). ISSN 0266-7452.
4. ^ "Cronologia rete filoviaria ATM Milano". digilander.libero.it.
5. ^ a b Marcomin, Fabio (2024-12-15). "Il progetto di trasformare la 90/91 in una «metro di superficie»". Milano Città Stato (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-12-25.
6. ^ a b c d e digilander.libero.it https://digilander.libero.it/Cristian1989/cronobusurbani.html#81. Retrieved 2024-12-25. `{{cite web}}`: Missing or empty `|title=` (help)
7. ^ "Milano, la corsia riservata al bus che costa un patrimonio: 23mila euro al metro. Ecco dove sarà". Il Giorno (in Italian). 2023-07-04. Retrieved 2024-12-25.
8. ^ "Atm Milano: rinnova flotta filobus puntando su green e tecnologia - Mobilità Sostenibile - Ansa.it". Agenzia ANSA (in Italian). 2019-06-14. Retrieved 2024-12-25.
9. ^ a b "FILOBUS". Passione Trasporti (in Italian). 2021-01-24. Retrieved 2024-12-11.
10. ^ a b c d Gregoris, Paolo; Rizzoli, Francesco; Serra, Claudio (2003). Giro d'Italia in filobus [Tour of Italy by Trolleybus] (in Italian). Cortona: Calosci Editore. pp. 83–96\. ISBN 88-7785-193-7.
11. ^ "SOCIMI 8820". Passione Trasporti (in Italian). 2021-01-25. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
12. ^ a b c Trolleybus Magazine No. 375 (May–June 2024), p. 121. National Trolleybus Association (UK). ISSN 0266-7452.
13. ^ "BREDABUS 4001.18 F04". Passione Trasporti (in Italian). 2021-01-25. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
14. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 376 (July–August 2024), p. 165. National Trolleybus Association (UK).
15. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 371 (September–October 2023), pp. 209, 211. National Trolleybus Association (UK). ISSN 0266-7452.
16. ^ "C.A.M. BUSOTTO – MAN NGT 204 F". Passione Trasporti (in Italian). 2021-01-25. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
17. ^ "SOCIMI F8843". Passione Trasporti (in Italian). 2021-01-25. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
18. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 191 (September–October 1993), p. 131. National Trolleybus Association (UK).
19. ^ "IRISBUS CRISTALIS TIPO ETB 18". Passione Trasporti (in Italian). 2021-01-25. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
20. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 378 (November–December 2024), p. 250. National Trolleybus Association (UK). ISSN 0266-7452.
21. ^ "VAN HOOL AG 300 T". Passione Trasporti (in Italian). 2021-01-25. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
22. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 286 (July–August 2009), p. 92. National Trolleybus Association (UK).
23. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 303 (May–June 2012), p. 70.
24. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 305 (September–October 2012), p. 119. National Trolleybus Association (UK).
25. ^ "SOLARIS TROLLINO 18". Passione Trasporti (in Italian). 2021-01-25. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
26. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 352 (July–August 2020), pp. 148, 150. National Trolleybus Association (UK).
27. ^ Trolleybus Magazine No. 362 (March–April 2022), p. 78. National Trolleybus Association (UK).
28. ^ "FIAT 2472 VIBERTI". Passione Trasporti (in Italian). 2021-01-25. Retrieved 2023-07-24.

### Further reading

[edit]

* Bersa, Marco (1986). Filovie e filobus. Milano 1933-1986 [Trolleybus lines and trolleybuses 1933-1986] (in Italian). Milan: Azienda Trasporti Municipali.
* Gregoris, Paolo; Rizzoli, Francesco; Serra, Claudio (2003). Giro d'Italia in filobus [Tour of Italy by trolleybus] (in Italian). Cortona: Calosci Editore. pp. 83–96\. ISBN 88-7785-193-7.

## External links

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trolleybus transport in Milan.

* Images of the Milan trolleybus system, at photorail.com
* Images of the Milan trolleybus system, at railfaneurope.net

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