Tuguegarao

Capital of Cagayan, Philippines

Component city in Cagayan Valley, Philippines

Tuguegarao

Component city

From top, left to right: St. Peter Metropolitan Cathedral; San Jacinto Chapel; Buntun Bridge, the country's longest river bridge; Cagayan Museum; Tuguegarao City Commercial Center

Flag

Seal

Etymology: Ibanag: Tuggi gari yaw
("this was cleared by fire")
Nickname:

Premier Ibanag City

Anthem: Tuguegarao City Hymn

Map of Cagayan with Tuguegarao highlighted

OpenStreetMap

Tuguegarao

Location within the Philippines

Coordinates: 17°36′48″N 121°43′49″E﻿ / ﻿17.6133°N 121.7303°E﻿ / 17.6133; 121.7303
Country| Philippines
Region| Cagayan Valley
Province| Cagayan
District|  3rd district
Founded| May 9, 1604
Cityhood| December 18, 1999
Barangays| 49 (see Barangays)
Government

[1]

• Type| Sangguniang Panlungsod
• Mayor| Maila Rosario S. Ting-Que
• Vice Mayor| Bienvenido C. de Guzman, II
• Representative| Joseph L. Lara
• Councilors|

List

* Mark Angelo B. Dayag
* Maria Rosario B. Soriano
* Ronald S. Ortiz
* Mary Marjorie P. Martin-Chan
* Imogen Claire M. Callangan
* Gilbert S. Labang
* Jude T. Bayona
* Karina S. Gauani
* Arnel T. Arugay
* Grace B. Arago
* Tirso V. Mangada
* Danilo L. Baccay

• Electorate| 94,019 voters (2022)
Area

[2]

• Total

| 144.80 km2 (55.91 sq mi)
Elevation

| 120 m (390 ft)
Highest elevation

| 995 m (3,264 ft)
Lowest elevation

| 11 m (36 ft)
Population

(2020 census)[3]

• Total

| 166,334
• Density| 1,100/km2 (3,000/sq mi)
• Households

| 37,896
Demonym(s)| Tuguegaraoeño (masculine)
Tuguegaraoeña (feminine)
Economy

• Income class| 3rd city income class
• Poverty incidence|

4.87

% (2021)[4]
• Revenue| ₱ 1,127 million (2020)
• Assets| ₱ 3,744 million (2020)
• Expenditure| ₱ 882.4 million (2020)
• Liabilities| ₱ 587.3 million (2020)
Service provider

• Electricity| Cagayan 1 Electric Cooperative (CAGELCO 1)
Time zone| UTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code|

3500

PSGC|

021529000

IDD : area code | +63 (0)78
Native languages| Ibanag
Ilocano
Tagalog
Major religions| Roman Catholicism
Feast date| August 16
Catholic diocese| Archdiocese of Tuguegarao
Patron saint| St. Hyacinth of Poland
Numbered highways|

* N51 (Santiago–Tuguegarao Road)
* N104 (Tuguegarao Bypass Road)
* N105 (Tuguegarao Airport Road)
* N106 (Tuguegarao Diversion Road II)
* N107 (Tuguegarao Diversion Road I)

Website| www.tuguegaraocity.gov.ph

Tuguegarao (/tʊˈɡɛɡʌraʊ/ or /tʊɡɛɡəˈraʊ/), officially the City of Tuguegarao (Ibanag: Siyudad nat Tugegaraw; Itawit: Siyudad yo Tugegaraw; Ilocano: Siudad ti Tuguegarao; Filipino: Lungsod ng Tuguegarao [tʊgɛ̝gäˈɾaʊ]), is a 1st class component city and capital of the province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 166,334 people,[3] making it the most populous city in Cagayan Province, Cagayan Valley and Northeastern Luzon.

A major urban center and primary growth center in the Northeastern Luzon, it is the regional center of Cagayan Valley and also its regional institutional and administrative center.[5] The city is a convergence area for the provinces of Cagayan, Kalinga, Apayao and northern Isabela and one of the fast-emerging cities in the Philippines.

Dubbed as the "Gateway to the Ilocandia and the Cordilleras,"[6] the city is located on the southern border of the province where the Pinacanauan River empties into the Cagayan River. It is surrounded by the Sierra Madre Mountains to the east, Cordillera Mountains to the west, and the Caraballo Mountains to the south.

The highest temperature ever recorded in the Philippines—42.2 °C (108.0 °F)—hit Tuguegarao on May 11, 1969.[7][8]

## Etymology

[edit]

Taraw is a palm tree in the area and garao is a reference to the "swift river current".[9]

The popular version based on legend is the Ibanags' reply to the Spaniards when asked for the name of the place: Tuggi gari yaw ("this was cleared by fire").

The origin of the city's name is unknown, but historical evidence suggests it was originally a pre-colonial settlement called Tubigarao. In 1591, the place was listed as a Spanish encomienda.

## History

[edit]

Historical affiliations

> Kingdom of Spain 1604–1899
>  United States of America 1899–1941
>  Empire of Japan 1941–1945
>  Philippines 1946–present

### Spanish colonial era

[edit]

Tuguegarao was founded on May 9, 1604, as a "mission-pueblo" with the new vicar Fray Tomas Villa, O.P. initiating the construction of a temporary church housing Sts. Peter and Paul as patron saints.

In the 1720s, Father Antonio Lobato, O.P. developed a layout of street network together with the construction of the cathedral. In 1839, the provincial capital was transferred to Tuguegarao from Lal-lo as the Cagayan-Manila road opened which spurred socio-economic progress.[9]

### American era

[edit]

The town was occupied by American troops on December 12, 1899. Drastic improvements in Tuguegarao were discerned over the course of provincial administrations—the first Provincial Capitol was completed in 1909, a town hall and public market were built, the provincial high school—Cagayan High School—was founded in a former private residence, and the Cagayan Valley College of Arts & Trades was founded by American educator Claude Andrews.[9]

### Japanese occupation

[edit]

During World War II, the city and its airfield was bombed at the opening of the Pacific War on 8 December 1941.[10] The city fell to the Japanese Imperial Army on 12 December 1941, as part of the Japanese invasion of Aparri. The General Headquarters of the 11th Infantry Regiment, Philippine Commonwealth Army, USAFIP-NL was activated in 1942 and stationed in Tuguegarao. Following an escalation of fighting during the closing months of the war, the Japanese fled to the barrio of Capatan. Tuguegarao was liberated by Allied forces on 25 June 1945.[10]

### Postwar era

[edit]

Sitio Capatan was elevated into a barrio (or barangay) of Tuguegarao on April 3, 1959, by Republic Act No. 2107.[11]

### During the Marcos dictatorship

[edit]

Main articles: Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos and Human rights abuses of the Marcos dictatorship

Loan-funded government spending to promote Ferdinand Marcos’ 1969 reelection campaign caused[12][13] the Philippine economy took a sudden downwards turn in the last months of the 1960s. Known as the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis, this led to social unrest throughout the country beginning with the First Quarter Storm protests of 1970,[14][15] : "43" [16][17] and incidents of violence like the Plaza Miranda bombing. Marcos responded by vilifying his critics as "communists" and suspending the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus through Proclamation No. 889 in August 1971, but this had the effect of pushing moderate student protesters towards the radical left, and causing many of them to go home to their home provinces like Cagayan.[18][19][20] Marcos' actions thus lead the Marxist–Leninist–Maoist Communist Party of the Philippines to gain a significant presence in many Cagayan municipalities, although not as much in Tuguegarao itself.[21][22]

With only a year left in his last constitutionally allowed term as president Ferdinand Marcos placed the Philippines under Martial Law in September 1972 and thus retained the position for fourteen more years.[23] This period in Philippine history is remembered for the Marcos administration's record of human rights abuses,[24][25] particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship.[26] In Tuguegarao, Camp Marcelo Adduru became the province's main detention center for "political detainees,"[27] who were often never formally charged with a crime, and thus technically not counted by Marcos as "prisoners."[27][28][29]

Others disappeared without the trace for daring to speak against Marcos, such as Romeo G. Crismo, a teacher at Cagayan Teacher’s College and St. Louis College in Tuguegarao, who criticized the 1973 Philippine constitutional plebiscite as a sham election. He disappeared without a trace in August 1980 after unknown men tried to capture him in front of his students the day before. He was later honored by having his name inscribed on the wall of remembrance of the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani in recognition of his martyrdom while resisting authoritarianism.[30]

### Declaration as regional capital

[edit]

In 1975, Tuguegarao was declared as the capital and seat of the regional government of Cagayan Valley (Region II) being the region's geographic center with adequate facilities and amenities needed by such. Multistory buildings were constructed in the poblacion greatly changing Tuguegarao's skyline in the 1980s and 1990s.

### Hotel Delfino siege

[edit]

Main article: 1990 Hotel Delfino siege

On March 4, 1990, former colonel and suspended Cagayan governor Rodolfo Aguinaldo seized the Hotel Delfino using his private army of about 300 men. Aguinaldo stood accused of supporting the Dec. 1–9, 1989 coup attempt against President Corazon Aquino.[31] Brigadier General Oscar Florendo, armed forces chief of Civil Military Relations, was sent to Tuguegarao by Aquino to serve Aguinaldo with an arrest warrant.[31] After Aguinaldo's men seized control of Hotel Delfino where the general was staying, Florendo was taken hostage along with more than 50 other hotel guests.[32] Florendo was eventually shot inside the hotel and died of his wounds.[33] Following hours of standoff between the two sides, nearly 1,000 government troops[34] launched an attack to dislodge Aguinaldo's forces from the hotel.[35] During this melee, Aguinaldo fled with about 90 fighters for mountains in the north[32] and went into hiding for several months until he surrendered, only to be cleared of all legal charges by winning reelection in 1992.

### Cityhood

[edit]

Main article: Cities of the Philippines

Tuguegarao became a component city by virtue of Republic Act 8755 dated November 4, 1999,[36] followed by a plebiscite held on December 18, 1999. Randolph Ting was the first mayor of the new city. On July 2, 2007, Ting's father, businessman and former municipal mayor Delfin Telan Ting, was elected as the city's second mayor. After the 25-year political dominance of the Tings, however, retired police general Jefferson Soriano won over re-electionist Delfin Ting in the 2013 local elections.[37] However, Soriano's term was marked by multiple charges of corruption that saw him being reinstated several times over his nine years in office. Eventually, he was defeated by Maila Ting-Que, daughter of Delfin Ting, in his 4th reelection bid in the 2022 local elections. This made Ting-Que the first woman to be elected mayor of the city.[38]

## Geography

[edit]

Tuguegarao City skyline viewed from neighboring town Solana. Shown in the background is the Sierra Madre mountain range while the foreground features the Cagayan River and Buntun Bridge.

Tuguegarao's location is in the southern portion of the province. The city is bordered by Iguig to the north; to the west by the Cagayan River and Solana; Peñablanca to the east; and to the south by Enrile and San Pablo, Isabela. The river delta city is almost encapsulated by the Cagayan River in the western and southern side, which explains for its northward expansion, and the Pinacanauan River, a tributary of Cagayan River, in the eastern part. Small bodies of waters are found in the city, such as the Balzain Creek which spans the barangays of Caritan Sur and Balzain. Currently, the creek is continuously drying up due to eutrophication and the uncontrollable growth of water lilies.

Historically, the town was inhabited by Irayas and Itawes who lived and mainly relied on fishing, farming, hunting and livestock raising. In addition, ancient natives have ventured on weaving cloth and making of household and farm implements.[39]

Cagayan is divided into three congressional districts, wherein the city is included in the Third District together with the other 6 southern municipalities.[40]

The city is located 481 kilometres (299 mi) north of Manila, which is an hour by plane and ten hours of land travel.[40]

### Barangays

[edit]

Tuguegarao is politically subdivided and comprises into 49 barangays.[41] Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios.

There are 31 barangays in the city that are considered urban (highlighted in bold).

* Annafunan East
* Annafunan West
* Atulayan Norte
* Atulayan Sur
* Bagay
* Buntun
* Caggay
* Capatan
* Carig Norte
* Carig Sur
* Caritan Centro
* Caritan Norte
* Caritan Sur
* Cataggaman Nuevo
* Cataggaman Pardo
* Cataggaman Viejo
* Centro 01 (Bagumbayan)
* Centro 02
* Centro 03
* Centro 04
* Centro 05 (Bagumbayan)
* Centro 06
* Centro 07
* Centro 08
* Centro 09 (Bagumbayan)
* Centro 10 (Riverside)
* Centro 11 (Balzain East)
* Centro 12 (Balzain West)
* Dadda
* Gosi Norte
* Gosi Sur
* Larion Alto
* Larion Bajo
* Leonarda
* Libag Norte
* Libag Sur
* Linao East
* Linao Norte
* Linao West
* Namabbalan Norte
* Namabbalan Sur
* Pallua Norte
* Pallua Sur
* Pengue-Ruyu
* San Gabriel
* Tagga
* Tanza
* Ugac Norte
* Ugac Sur

### Climate

[edit]

Climate data for Tuguegarao (1991–2020, extremes 1903–2020)

Month  | Jan  | Feb  | Mar  | Apr  | May  | Jun  | Jul  | Aug  | Sep  | Oct  | Nov  | Dec  | Year
Record high °C (°F)  | 37.2
(99.0)  | 38.4
(101.1)  | 40.0
(104.0)  | 42.2
(108.0)  | 42.2
(108.0)  | 41.7
(107.1)  | 41.0
(105.8)  | 39.4
(102.9)  | 38.9
(102.0)  | 38.5
(101.3)  | 37.8
(100.0)  | 38.5
(101.3)  | 42.2
(108.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)  | 28.3
(82.9)  | 29.8
(85.6)  | 32.5
(90.5)  | 35.1
(95.2)  | 35.6
(96.1)  | 35.2
(95.4)  | 33.7
(92.7)  | 33.2
(91.8)  | 32.7
(90.9)  | 31.2
(88.2)  | 29.6
(85.3)  | 27.9
(82.2)  | 32.1
(89.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)  | 23.6
(74.5)  | 24.5
(76.1)  | 26.6
(79.9)  | 28.9
(84.0)  | 29.5
(85.1)  | 29.4
(84.9)  | 28.5
(83.3)  | 28.2
(82.8)  | 27.8
(82.0)  | 26.6
(79.9)  | 25.4
(77.7)  | 23.8
(74.8)  | 26.9
(80.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)  | 18.9
(66.0)  | 19.2
(66.6)  | 20.8
(69.4)  | 22.6
(72.7)  | 23.4
(74.1)  | 23.6
(74.5)  | 23.3
(73.9)  | 23.3
(73.9)  | 23.0
(73.4)  | 22.0
(71.6)  | 21.1
(70.0)  | 19.8
(67.6)  | 21.7
(71.1)
Record low °C (°F)  | 12.0
(53.6)  | 12.9
(55.2)  | 14.0
(57.2)  | 16.3
(61.3)  | 17.5
(63.5)  | 17.0
(62.6)  | 17.0
(62.6)  | 19.0
(66.2)  | 17.6
(63.7)  | 14.8
(58.6)  | 12.8
(55.0)  | 12.0
(53.6)  | 12.0
(53.6)
Average rainfall mm (inches)  | 33.7
(1.33)  | 32.2
(1.27)  | 31.5
(1.24)  | 46.5
(1.83)  | 141.4
(5.57)  | 135.7
(5.34)  | 205.5
(8.09)  | 216.8
(8.54)  | 226.0
(8.90)  | 282.9
(11.14)  | 258.4
(10.17)  | 158.3
(6.23)  | 1,768.9
(69.64)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5  | 5  | 4  | 5  | 9  | 9  | 13  | 12  | 12  | 13  | 12  | 11  | 110
Average relative humidity (%)  | 82  | 79  | 75  | 72  | 72  | 72  | 75  | 76  | 77  | 79  | 81  | 83  | 77
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 135.4  | 174.9  | 218.3  | 253.3  | 230.9  | 231.9  | 223.2  | 172.0  | 158.4  | 142.2  | 119.0  | 128.2  | 2,187.7
Source 1: PAGASA[42][43]
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun, 1961–1990)[44][45]

Tuguegarao experiences a tropical monsoon climate (Am), with only a slight difference between summer and winter temperatures, and high year-round humidity. The average maximum temperature during May is 96 °F (36 °C),[46] one of the highest in the country.

On May 11, 1969, the highest temperature in the Philippines was recorded in Tuguegarao at 42.2 °C (108.0 °F),[7][8] beating the previous record of 39.5 °C (103.1 °F) also measured in Tuguegarao in May 1912.[47] Thus, the city was tagged as the "Hottest City in the Philippines". Unusually, in months—usually lasts from December to February—where the cool northeast monsoon or locally as amihan surges, temperatures in the city drop to as low as 15 °C (59 °F)—in 2017[48]—especially in early mornings. Locals parallel the chills felt with that in Baguio.[49]

## Demographics

[edit]

An old map of Cagayan used in the 1918 census. Tuguegarao, the provincial capital, is located at the bottom right of the map.

### Population

[edit]

In the 2020 census, the population of Tuguegarao was 166,334 people[3] with a density of 1,100 inhabitants per square kilometre or 2,800 inhabitants per square mile. It is the most populous and densest city in the Cagayan Valley region. Most of the inhabitants are Ilocanos, Ibanags and Itawes. [citation needed] City's other residents include Kapampangans, Pangasinans, Tagalogs, Cebuanos, Hiligaynons, Maranaos, Maguindanaons and Tausugs—all of whom are not native in the city.[50] Some are of Chinese and Indian descent.

Population census of Tuguegarao| Year| Pop.| ±% p.a.

|
|

1903 | 16,105| —
1918 | 19,298| +1.21%
1939 | 27,643| +1.73%
1948 | 29,083| +0.57%
1960 | 43,074| +3.33%
| Year| Pop.| ±% p.a.

|
|

1970 | 56,956| +2.83%
1975 | 62,513| +1.88%
1980 | 73,507| +3.29%
1990 | 94,767| +2.57%
1995 | 107,275| +2.35%
| Year| Pop.| ±% p.a.

|
|

2000 | 120,645| +2.55%
2007 | 129,539| +0.99%
2010 | 138,865| +2.56%
2015 | 153,502| +1.93%
2020 | 166,334| +1.59%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[51][52][53][54]

### Religion

[edit]

Ricardo Baccay, the incumbent Roman Catholic Archbishop of Tuguegarao

Due to a history of Spanish and other foreign missions, Christianity, in the form of Roman Catholicism, is the predominant religion in Tuguegarao. The present Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tuguegarao was chiseled from the Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia formerly located in Lal-lo (Nueva Segovia). It was initially created as a diocese on April 10, 1910, and elevated as an Archdiocese by Pope Paul VI on September 21, 1974. It has jurisdiction over suffragan bishops of Bayombong, Ilagan and Batanes.

The seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese is at St. Peter Metropolitan Cathedral, one of the largest churches in the region.

There are also Protestants, Baptist, Church of Christ, Adventists, Born Again groups, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Jehovah's Witnesses, and Philippine-based groups like the Iglesia Filipina Independiente, Iglesia ni Cristo and Members Church of God International that accounts to the city's population. These religious organizations have their own temples and churches sparsely located in the city. Some are Islam where their mosque is found in Centro 10 (Riverside).

## Economy

[edit]

Poverty incidence of Tuguegarao

2006
7.70

2009
8.48

2012
9.26

2015
5.99

2018
4.19

2021
4.87

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]

Within the past three decades, its economy gradually shifted from agriculture to trading, commerce and services. The shift was ushered by Tuguegarao's role as the Regional Government Center and Center of Commerce in Northern Luzon.[63] In early 2016, Tuguegarao City was named as one of the ten emerging cities in the 2015 Next Wave Cities report, conducted by Department of Science and Technology - Information and Communications Technology Office (DOST-ICTO).[64]

On June 30, 2020, the Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT), in partnership with the IT and Business Process Association of the Philippines (IBPAP) and Leechiu Property Consultants (LPC), named Tuguegarao as one of the 25 "digital cities" poised to be prospect growth areas of the information technology and business process management (IT-BPM) sector in the country by 2025.[65]

Currently, Tuguegarao has two major public markets, namely, the Don Domingo Public Market — located in the upper part of Poblacion serving as the convergence of agricultural and aquatic products from neighboring towns and provinces — and the Tuguegarao City Commercial Center — formerly known as Mall of the Valley and is located at the Central Business District, receiving the highest daily foot traffic.

### Retail and business process outsourcing

[edit]

Bonifacio Street (formerly Calle Commercio) at the Central Business District

Robinsons Place Tuguegarao

SM City Tuguegarao

Large retail operators have shown significant interest to the growth and increase of land value in cities throughout the Philippines. They are seen as highly developed urban centers where a lot of economic activities take place, and is important to urbanization and development. Tuguegarao is eyed as a center of exponential growth for commerce, industry and service, strengthening its stature as the capital of the Cagayan Valley Region.

SM Prime, the largest retail operator in the country, opened SM Center Tuguegarao Downtown on October 12, 2017, as its first mall in the city and in Cagayan. Its second mall, SM City Tuguegarao, opened on November 18, 2022, marketed as the largest mall in the Cagayan Valley Region.[66][67][68]

On July 26, 2018,[69] rival Robinsons Land Corporation opened the mixed-use complex shopping mall Robinsons Place Tuguegarao as the first full-service mall in Cagayan,[70] including a Go Hotels branch,[71] the first in the region. A few kilometers away is DoubleDragon Properties' CityMall Tuguegarao which opened on March 1, 2021, its first mall in the region.

Other notable shopping centers include the Tuguegarao City Commercial Center, formerly known as the Mall of the Valley; FCI Citimall, the first shopping mall in Northern Luzon; Brickstone Mall; Primark Town Center Tuguegarao, former site of Paseo Reale Mall; Unitop Mall Tuguegarao; Mart One Department Store and more.

Following the opening of 7 Eleven stores in Nueva Vizcaya, and Isabela provinces, the Philippine Seven Corporation expanded its reach to the Cagayan with its two branches in the city at College Avenue, near University of Cagayan Valley and at the new Valley Hotel Tower Mall in Balzain. There are currently more than eight branches of 7 Eleven stores as business expansion continues in the city.[72]

The city has seen a significant growth of auto-hub companies with the presence of car showrooms in the city.

The City Government of Tuguegarao, through the city's Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Council hosted a meeting with IT-BPO companies Sitel Philippines Inc. and Lee Chiu Property Consultants, Inc. in September 2018 to discuss the possibilities of locating their companies in the city. Initial steps have been made for the establishment of an IT park and a township where BPO companies could locate.[73][74]

### Banking and real estate

[edit]

Tuguegarao, as the seat of the regional capital of Cagayan Valley, houses the regional headquarters of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas located at the Regional Government Center in Carig Sur. As of 2019, a total of 53 banks are operating in the city such as BPI, BDO, Chinabank, RCBC, EastWest, UnionBank, Robinsons Bank, PNB, Bank of Commerce, Landbank, UCPB, Philippine Postal Savings Bank and others.

Major real estate developers Ayala Land — Avida Settings Tuguegarao — and Vista Land — Camella Tuguegarao, Lessandra Cagayan and the expansion of Camella Cagayan (soon Camella Cagayan Trails) — are constructing their housing developments in Cagayan Valley. New condominiums developments are in the city these are Bayani Hall Lecaros, Bayani Hall Twin Towers developed by Vester Corporation and Rosevale Towers developed by Vista Estates.

The North Gateway Business Park is an 18-hectare (44-acre) mixed-use township development project located in Barangay Carig Sur, near the Regional Government Center. Launched on February 4, 2020, by real estate developer DataLand, it will feature a mixed-use superblock of retail shops, transport terminal, hotel and residential condominiums and a business park for BPO companies, financial institutions and major corporations.[75][76] Nuciti by Vista Estates will become one of the future central business district of Tuguegarao spanning at 100-hectares of prime land currently it will house the Rosevale Towers, restaurants, cafes and in future developments it will feature commercial blocks, office buildings, meeting spaces, condotels, hotels, condominiums and commercial hubs.

### Metro Tuguegarao

[edit]

In May 2019, the National Economic and Development Authority Regional Development Council - Region 2 worked with consulting firms Pacific Rim Innovation and Management Exponents, Inc. (PRIMEX), Engineering and Development Corporation of the Philippines (EDCOP) and the Key Engineer Corporation to prepare a master plan for spurring economic growth in the Metro Tuguegarao zone. The metropolitan area, known as PIEST, includes the four municipalities of Peñablanca, Iguig, Enrile, Solana and the city of Tuguegarao. A situation analysis made by the consultative bodies found out that agriculture, water resource and tourism sectors were some of the "unutilized potentials" seen as key in the development of the area.[77]

New developments are aimed to spread within the metro area with the construction of a new bridge linking Solana and Tuguegarao. When opened, this bridge will help decongest traffic in Buntun Bridge.[78]

## Government

[edit]

Tuguegarao City Hall, the principal workplace of the city government officials

### Local government

[edit]

Main article: Sangguniang Panlungsod

As a component city and capital of the Province of Cagayan, government officials in the provincial level are voted by the electorates of the city. The provincial government have political jurisdiction over local transactions of the city government.

Tuguegarao is governed by a city mayor, designated as local chief executive, and by a Sangguniang Panlungsod, composed of the vice mayor and the members of the Sangguniang Panlungsod, as the legislative body, in accordance with the Local Government Code.[79] They are voted to office through an election, held every after three years. As a component city, the provincial government of Cagayan has political jurisdiction over local transactions of the city government.

Barangays are also headed by elected officials: Barangay Captain, Barangay Council, whose members are called Barangay Councilors. The barangays have SK federation which represents the barangay, headed by SK chairperson and whose members are called SK councilors. All officials are also elected every three years.

Elected officials (2022–2025):[80][81]

* District Representative (3rd Legislative District of the Province of Cagayan): Joseph L. Lara
* Chief Executive: Maila Rosario T. Que
* Presiding Officer of the Sangguniang Panlungsod ng Tuguegarao: Bienvenido C. De Guzman II
* Members of the Sangguniang Panlungsod ng Tuguegarao:
* Mark Angelo B. Dayag
* Maria Rosario B. Soriano
* Ronald S. Ortiz
* Mary Marjorie P. Martin-Chan
* Imogen Claire M. Callangan
* Gilbert S. Labang
* Jude T. Bayona
* Karina S. Gauani
* Arnel T. Arugay
* Grace B. Arago
* Tirso V. Mangada
* Marc Aldous C. Baccay

### Controversy

[edit]

On February 10, 2017, then Mayor Jefferson P. Soriano stepped down from office following an order from the Ombudsman to dismiss him for grave misconduct, which stemmed from anomalous purchases made when he was still the comptroller of the Philippine National Police. Soriano voluntarily called the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) to facilitate the turn over of the mayoralty office to then Vice Mayor Bienvenido de Guzman II.[82] After about seven months, following the order of the Court of Appeals Fourth Division (CA) for "immediate" reinstatement of Mayor Jefferson P. Soriano, on September 6, 2017, Soriano took oath of office. The CA disagreed to the Ombudsman's dismissal order—stating that he committed grave misconduct—and that the mayor only committed simple misconduct. According to the decision, he should only be penalized with three months suspension instead of dismissal from service.[83]

## Culture

[edit]

Street dancing competition during the Afi festival at the Cagayan Provincial Capitol

The Pavvurulun Afi Festival is an annual festival every August, celebrated in commemoration of the city's patron saint, San Jacinto de Polonia whose feast day falls on August 16.[84] It came from the Ybanag word afi, meaning fire.[85]

The concept of the "Afi" started in 2014 which reaffirms the city's origins based on popular legend that the current city center was once “a wilderness that was cleared by fire.”[84] The main event of the celebration is its opening day, where thousands of students convene for a field demonstration at night as torchbearers. In 2017, 3500 students from Cagayan National High School and Cagayan State University - College of Human Kinetics danced with torches at the sports complex. The city is attempting to beat Indonesia's world record of 3,777 torchbearers in the festival's next edition.[86]

Other highlights of the weeklong celebration include the street dancing and drum and lyre competitions, participated by elementary and secondary schools in the city, clad in their vibrant costumes and props. Both are usually held at the city's central business district on Bonifacio Street (Calle Commercio). Other events include the Bangkarera—a rowing competition in two categories which aims to promote sustainable fishing along the Pinacanauan River, which flows to the Cagayan River—pansit festival featuring a pansit-eating and pansit-cook off contests, Nuang Karera (Carabao race), Kabayu Karera (horse race), among others.[87]

The predecessor to this was the Maskota Festival, an ode to the Maskota which is called the "Dance of Lovemaking." It is a wedding dance prevalent in the provinces of Cagayan and Isabela characterized by "spontaneous, lively and extravagantly expressive" movements, danced to the rhythm of the verso with the sincosinco accompaniment. In the olden days, indigenous materials were utilized for the costumes ranging from local harvests of coconut sprouts, betel nuts, to corn leaves and atchuetes as natural dye.[88]

Pancit Batil Potun, widely known as Pancit Batil Patung, is a popular local noodle dish which directly translates to "pancit, beaten egg soup and egg on top." Several panciterias mushroom in all the city's corners, each with distinct styles of cooking and ingredients—miki, egg, minced carabao meat, vegetables and other specific toppings of choice.[89] The city is also known for its own version of longganisa characterized with its salty and garlicky taste with variations using either pork or carabao meat.[90]

## Tourism

[edit]

Our Lady of Chartres Chapel in St. Paul University Philippines

Rizal Park

The Cagayan Museum and Historical Research Center houses an extensive collection of various artifacts and antiques of the province. In addition to animal fossils found in the valley, it houses extensive data on the discovery of Callao Man by the National Museum. Formerly located in the Cagayan Provincial Capitol Complex, it has moved to the renovated historic provincial jail known as Tribunal de Tuguegarao.[91] In front of the provincial museum are the refurbished century-old Rizal Park[92] and Tuguegarao East Central School, the city's former municipio from the Spanish era until its conversion to a public elementary school in 1960.[93]

Tuguegarao boasts elaborate Spanish-built churches such as the Ermita de Piedra de San Jacinto, known to locals as the San Jacinto Church, which houses the city's patron saint. It is an elevated chapel built by Dominican friars in 1604 regarded as the oldest brick structure in the city. The St. Peter Metropolitan Cathedral is the biggest Spanish colonial church in Cagayan Valley which was construction from 1761 to 1767 under the supervision of Fr. Antonio Lobato, OP. It is the seat of the Archdiocese of Tuguegarao. Both churches underwent reconstruction due to damages brought by World War II.

Located in Barangay Centro 09, often called Bagumbayan by locals, is the Horno ruins,[94] a Spanish-era brick kiln used to fire bricks for colonial structures including those in the Cathedral and San Jacinto Church.

St. Paul University Philippines was founded in 1907 as Colegio de San Pablo with the arrival of the Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres in Cagayan Valley. It served as a military garrison and hospital of the Japanese during the World War. Throughout the years, it has since become identified internationally having been the first private university in the Philippines to be ISO 9001 certified in 2000 by TÜV Rheinland.[95] One of the most recognizable structures in the campus is the Our Lady of Chartres Chapel, reminscent of French Gothic architecture, which was inaugurated during the university's centenary celebration.[93]

South of the city is the Buntun Bridge, one of the longest bridges in the country spanning 1.369 km (0.851 miles) across the Cagayan River, the longest and largest river in the Philippines. Construction began in 1960 and was opened to traffic in 1969, linking the city to the second and third district municipalities of Cagayan and Apayao.

While tourist spots are sparse in the city, it has become the usual jump-off point of tourists to other destinations in the province such as the Callao Cave and Calvary Hills in neighboring towns Peñablanca and Iguig, respectively.[96]

## Infrastructure

[edit]

Cagayan Sports Complex

The city hosts a number of event centers which allow the city to host many provincial and regional gatherings such as the Cagayan Sports Complex, Tuguegarao City Peoples' Gymnasium and the Cagayan Coliseum.

The water system of Tuguegarao is administered by the Metropolitan Tuguegarao Water District, which also serves the nearby municipalities such as Iguig and Solana. Meanwhile, electric services are provided by Cagayan Electric Cooperative which has its office in Solana, Cagayan. Telecommunication services are primarily offered by huge telephone companies such as PLDT and Bayantel, while mobile services are handled by Globe Telecom, Smart Communications, Dito Telecommunity, Sun Cellular, Touch Mobile, and Talk N' Text. High-speed DSL and optical Internet subscriptions are offered by RBC Cable, PLDT and Globe Telecom.

Tuguegarao houses the headquarters of the Philippine National Police in Cagayan Valley in Camp Marcelo A. Adduru in Alimannao Hills. As the region's institutional center, it is home to the majority of regional government offices concentrated in the Regional Government Center, Barangay Carig Sur.

## Transportation

[edit]

Transportation and infrastructure plays a major role in keeping the Tuguegarao's economy up and running and nearby towns in play. Due to continued growth, daytime population in the city has increased with primary reasons for commuting for commerce, work and notably education due to the city's being known for having several institutions. Over the years, Tuguegarao evolved, expanded and grew, so did its transportation network to keep up with the growing demands of people for ease of access to reliable methods and transit flexibility.

### Air

[edit]

An Air Philippines Boeing 737 at the Tuguegarao Airport

The Tuguegarao Airport handles domestic flights within the Philippines and serves the general area of Tuguegarao and its surrounding municipalities, and is capable of handling Boeing-737-sized aircraft. It is one of the top 20 busiest airports in the country and classified by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines as a Principal Class 1 domestic airport. Cebu Pacific, Sky Pasada and PAL Express are the domestic airlines which operate routes to and from the city. As of 2017, the airport is undergoing rehabilitation and expansion consisting of terminal upgrades and widening of runway, for night landing capabilities, and taxiway.[97]

A proposed international airport, serving the Cagayan Valley Region, will be constructed at the eastern portion of the city—somewhere in barangays Dadda or Tagga—as suggested by City Mayor Bienvenido de Guzman II and former mayor Atty. Jefferson Soriano. Originally, as proposed by the Cagayan Governor Manuel Mamba, the airport was to be located at the tri-boundary area of Tuao, Piat and Solana towns but was later shelved after a forum.[98]

### Land

[edit]

The tricycle, Tuguegarao's primary public transit vehicle

A cultural icon of the Philippines with a unique design, Tuguegarao's tricycles offer shared vehicle for hire services for small groups of passengers on a common route over short distances.

Tuguegarao also serves as a vital hub for local, regional and national transportation. Buses operate regional routes from Tuguegarao to Baggao, Aparri, Santiago, Baguio, and many neighboring cities, towns and municipalities. It also is an end-of-the-line stop for many coaches running inter-city and national routes mostly coming from Metro Manila such as GV Florida, Victory Liner, Dalin Bus Liner, Five Star, and First North Luzon Transit.

To the east side are UV Express vans that ply north and south towards Claveria, Santa Praxedes, Aparri, Santa Ana, Alcala, Lasam and Junction Luna, Abulug in Cagayan, Santiago, Roxas, Ilagan and Cauayan in Isabela, Luna and Kabugao in Apayao. There are also mini buses plying to Lasam, Allacapan, Claveria, Santiago and Roxas. To the west are jeepneys with routes to Iguig, Tuao, Enrile, Tabuk and Rizal in Kalinga and some mountainous and inland barrios including Callao, all of which lie on the western side of the river.

Kalesas run within the city, mostly near popular points of interest, and are part of the city's tourism but most of these are limited within the downtown area. Taxis are the newest mode of public transportation which are routed from the city to any point in Region 2.

#### Main roads

[edit]

Regional transport in Tuguegarao is vulnerable given its lack of distribution of arterial roads and inadequate traffic engineering planning and discipline.

* The Buntun Highway-Luna Street network is a major four-lane road network of Tuguegarao that forms part of National Route 51 (N51). It is the only road that serves west-side traffic to Tuguegarao. It links Tuguegarao to the western side of the Cagayan River via the Buntun Bridge, further towns from the west side most notably the municipalities of Solana and Enrile, the Philippine highway network and the Santiago-Tuguegarao Road.
* The Balzain Highway-Cagayan Valley Road is another major four-lane road network of Tuguegarao, part of Cagayan Valley Road that comes through Balzain and Carig, that forms part of the Asian Highway 26 (). It is the only road that serves north-bound traffic to Tuguegarao coming from the east side of the Cagayan River and most of Cagayan Valley. It also links Tuguegarao to surrounding municipalities, most notably Iguig and Peñablanca. These two main arterial networks serves as the backbone for the majority of Tuguegarao's internal and inter-regional transportation.
* The Tuguegarao City West Diversion Road is an 8.99 km (6 mi) four-lane road under construction which starts from Barangay Carig traversing Barangays Linao, Atulayan, Bagay and Buntun, aiming to decongest the Tuguegarao highway and provide alternative routes to nearby municipalities like Solana. The road project is divided into four phases expected to be completed by 2022.[99]

## Healthcare

[edit]

Cagayan Valley Medical Center

Being the regional center, Tuguegarao hosts major hospitals which serve people in the Cagayan Valley region. Cagayan Valley Medical Center, the largest medical facility in the Cagayan Valley with a bed capacity of 500, is situated in the city. The largest privately owned facility in the region is the 250-bed Dr. Ronald P. Guzman Medical Center, a tertiary level hospital.[100] St. Paul University Philippines has an affiliate hospital in Tuguegarao, the St. Paul Hospital. Cagayan's oldest existing private hospital, the Dr. Domingo S. De Leon General Hospital, formerly Clinica De Leon, is also situated in the city.

Other hospitals in the city are the government-owned and run Tuguegarao City People's General Hospital and the Holy Infant Hospital[100] as well as the privately owned Divine Mercy Wellness Center.[101]

## Education

[edit]

Cagayan State University — Andrews Campus

Cagayan National High School

Due to its high incidence of universities, Tuguegarao has been dubbed as the Center of Education in Cagayan Valley. It is home to prestigious and internationally recognized schools such as St. Paul University Philippines—the main campus of the St. Paul University System—and the University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao—one of the CICM schools. The latter was the successor of the Ateneo de Tuguegarao, the country's fifth Ateneo ran by the Society of Jesus, established in 1945 but eventually closed in 1962 following the Jesuit exodus.

Two of the top state universities are also in Tuguegarao City—the CSU Athena (Andrews Campus), and CSU Red Eagle (Carig Campus)—producing national topnotchers in board examinations. Both universities have their own administration and are separated from each other.

Other schools in the city include the University of Cagayan Valley, John Wesley College, Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines - International School of Asia and Pacific, F.L. Vargas College, Maila Rosario College, Credo Domine College, City Technological Institute, Cagayan Metropolitan Institute of Technology, STI College, AMA Computer College, and other educational institutions. Proposals have also been unveiled for the establishment of a National University campus (possibly within the SM City complex), majorly owned and ran by SM Group.

The Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) was established through the enactment of the Technical Education and Skills Development Act of 1994, which encourages the full participation of and mobilize the industry, labor, local government units, and technical-vocational institutions in the skills development of the country's human resource. The TESDA complex and facilities are located in Carig Norte. Numerous technological and vocational institutes can also be found in the city.

Tuguegarao has one Jesuit educational institution located along Bagay Road—the Global Reformed University.

Other notable schools in the city include Cagayan National High School—the oldest and biggest secondary school in the region in terms of student population—Tuguegarao City Science High School, a state-owned secondary institution—Ke Bing School, a private Chinese school—Methodist Christian School, a Christian school in Central Business District—and Saint Claire Montesorri, a catholic school in San Gabriel. The state-owned secondary institution of Tuguegarao City West High School started operations on June 4, 2012.

Students from different countries like China, Congo, India, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan and South Korea come to study at the city's universities. Most of the students come to study undergraduate and graduate degrees in sciences.

## Media

[edit]

### TV Stations

[edit]

* All TV Tuguegarao (Analog Channel 3 & Digital Channel 35)
* GMA Tuguegarao (Analog Channel 7)
* PTV Tuguegarao (Analog Channel 11)
* A2Z Tuguegarao (Analog Channel 25)
* GTV Tuguegarao (Analog Channel 27)
* RJTV Tuguegarao (Digital Channel 29)
* TV5 Tuguegarao (Analog Channel 39 & Digital Channel 18)
* GNN Tuguegarao (Digital Channel 47)
* One Sports Tuguegarao (Analog Channel 49 & Digital Channel 18)
* UNTV Tuguegarao (Analog Channel 51)
* The Northern Forum - Cagayan Valley

### Cable & Satellite TV

[edit]

* RBC Cable Master System
* Clearview Cable TV System
* Cignal TV
* Sky Direct

### Radio

[edit]

AM Stations:

* DZRH Nationwide 576 (DZHR; MBC Media Group)
* DZCV 684 Radyo Sanggunian (DZCV; Filipinas Broadcasting Network)
* DWPE Radyo Pilipinas 729 (DWPE; Philippine Broadcasting Service)
* DZYT Sonshine Radio 765 (DZYT; Sonshine Media Network International)
* DZGR Bombo Radyo 891 (DZGR; People's Broadcasting Service)

FM Stations:

* Barangay FM 89.3 (DWWQ; GMA Network, Inc.)
* 91.7 Magik FM (DWCN; Century Broadcasting Network)
* 94.1 Love Radio (DWMN; MBC Media Group)
* 95.7 XFM (Palawan Broadcasting Corporation/Y2H Broadcasting Network, Inc.)
* 96.5 RJ FM (DWRJ; Relay station of RJ FM 100.3 Manila by Rajah Broadcasting Network)
* 100.5 Big Sound FM (DWXY; Vanguard Radio Network)
* 101.5 Radio Maria Cagayan (DZRD; Radio Maria Philippines)
* 105.3 Radyo Pangkaunlaran Cagayan (DZDA; Department of Agriculture & Philippine Broadcasting Service)
* Cagayan PIO FM 106.1 & Cagayan PIO Teleradyo (DWWD; Provincial Government of Cagayan)

## Notable personalities

[edit]

### Entertainment

[edit]

* Ralph Guzman, broadcaster and journalist
* Manolo Favis, broadcaster
* Orestes Ojeda, actor

### Military

[edit]

* Eulogio Balao, former soldier and politician
* Noel A. Coballes, retired lieutenant general and Commanding General of the Philippine Army (2013-2014)
* Benito Antonio T. de Leon, retired AFP military officer

### Religion

[edit]

* Ricardo Baccay, Archbishop elect of the Archdiocese of Tuguegarao, former third bishop of the Diocese of Alaminos, and former auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Tuguegarao.

### Sports

[edit]

* Rommel Adducul, former professional basketball player and coach
* Philip Butel, Caloocan Supremos basketball player
* Rachelle Anne Cabral, archer in the 2012 Summer Olympics

## References

[edit]

1. ^ City of Tuguegarao |  (DILG)
2. ^ "2015 Census of Population, Report No. 3 – Population, Land Area, and Population Density" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Quezon City, Philippines. August 2016. ISSN 0117-1453. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2021.
3. ^ a b c Census of Population (2020). "Region II (Cagayan Valley)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
4. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
5. ^ "Cagayan Valley Regional Development Plan 2017-2022" (PDF). NEDA.gov.ph. National Economic and Development Authority Regional Office 02. January 19, 2018. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
6. ^ "Reasons to Invest". www.rdc2.gov.ph.
7. ^ a b (2013-04-04). "PAGASA: Hottest day so far this year in NCR at 35.2 degrees Celsius". GMA News Online. Retrieved on August 2, 2013.
8. ^ a b Corrales, Nestor (April 26, 2014). "Tuguegarao City records hottest temperature–Pagasa". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved March 24, 2019.
9. ^ a b c "History". Tuguegarao City Official Website.
10. ^ a b de Rivera Castillet, Ed. Cagayan Province and her People. Community Publishers.
11. ^ "An Act Creating the Barrio of Capatan in the Municipality of Tuguegarao, Province of Cagayan". LawPH.com. Retrieved April 13, 2011.
12. ^ Balbosa, Joven Zamoras (1992). "IMF Stabilization Program and Economic Growth: The Case of the Philippines" (PDF). Journal of Philippine Development. XIX (35). Archived from the original (PDF) on September 21, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2022.
13. ^ Balisacan, A. M.; Hill, Hal (2003). The Philippine Economy: Development, Policies, and Challenges. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195158984.
14. ^ Cororaton, Cesar B. "Exchange Rate Movements in the Philippines". DPIDS Discussion Paper Series 97-05: 3, 19.
15. ^ Kessler, Richard J. (1989). Rebellion and repression in the Philippines. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300044062. OCLC 19266663.
16. ^ Celoza, Albert F. (1997). Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780275941376.
17. ^ Schirmer, Daniel B. (1987). The Philippines reader : a history of colonialism, neocolonialism, dictatorship, and resistance (1st ed.). Boston: South End Press. ISBN 0896082768. OCLC 14214735.
18. ^ Pimentel, Benjamin (2006). U.G. an underground tale: the journey of Edgar Jopson and the first quarter storm generation. Pasig: Anvil Publishing, Inc. ISBN 9712715906. OCLC 81146038.
19. ^ Rodis, Rodel. "Remembering the First Quarter Storm". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on January 31, 2015. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
20. ^ Lacaba, Jose F. (1982). Days of Disquiet, Nights of Rage: The First Quarter Storm & Related Events. Manila: Salinlahi Pub. House. pp. 11–45, 157–178.
21. ^ Robles, Raissa (2016). Marcos Martial Law: Never Again. Filipinos for a Better Philippines, Inc.
22. ^ "History of Tuguegarao". Tuguegarao City Government Official. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
23. ^ Magno, Alexander R., ed. (1998). "Democracy at the Crossroads". Kasaysayan, The Story of the Filipino People Volume 9:A Nation Reborn. Hong Kong: Asia Publishing Company Limited.
24. ^ "Alfred McCoy, Dark Legacy: Human rights under the Marcos regime". Ateneo de Manila University. September 20, 1999.
25. ^ Abinales, P.N.; Amoroso, Donna J. (2005). State and society in the Philippines. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-0742510234. OCLC 57452454.
26. ^ "Gone too soon: 7 youth leaders killed under Martial Law". Rappler. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
27. ^ a b Rocamora, Rick (2023). Dark Memories of Torture, Incarceration, Disappeareance, and Death under Ferdinand E. Marcos Sr.'s Martial Law. Quezon City. ISBN 979-8-218-96751-2.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
28. ^ "Ricky Lee, martial law detainee, on historical revisionism: 'Para akong binubura'". September 16, 2021.
29. ^ "Victims recall horrors of Marcos' martial law". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
30. ^ "Martyrs and Heroes: Romeo Crismo". Bantayog ng mga Bayani. May 28, 2023. Retrieved May 8, 2024.
31. ^ a b "14 Die as Philippine Troops Fight Rebel Governor". The New York Times. March 5, 1990. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
32. ^ a b Schmetzer, Uli (March 5, 1990). "Ousted Governor Threatens Aquino". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
33. ^ "Attempt to Arrest Governor Tied to Coup Attempt Leaves 14 Dead". AP NEWS. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
34. ^ Yabes, Criselda (March 5, 1990). "MANILA ENDS HOSTAGE STANDOFF". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
35. ^ "Government troops beat back rebel attack". UPI. Retrieved August 23, 2020.
36. ^ "Republic Act No. 8755 - An Act Converting The Municipality of Tuguegarao, Cagayan Province into a Component City to be known as Tuguegarao City". www.chanrobles.com. Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. November 4, 1999. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
37. ^ Lagasca, Charlie. "Tuguegarao City, a Ting stronghold, has new mayor". The Philippine Star.
38. ^ Manabat, Joann (May 10, 2022). "Tuguegarao City elects Maila Ting as first woman mayor". Rappler. Rappler. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
39. ^ "Tuguegarao City". Department of Tourism - Region 2.
40. ^ a b "Province of Cagayan Website :: GEOGRAPHY". cagayano.tripod.com.
41. ^ "Barangays".
42. ^ "Tuguegarao, Cagayan Climatological Normal Values 1991–2020" (PDF). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 2, 2022. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
43. ^ "Tuguegarao, Cagayan Climatological Extremes" (PDF). Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 7, 2022. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
44. ^ "Station 98233 Tuguegarao". Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration. Deutscher Wetterdienst. Archived from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
45. ^ Station ID for Tuguegarao is 98233. Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration
46. ^ "May Climate History for Tuguegarao". myweather2.com.
47. ^ "40.1 degC -highest recorded temperature in the Philippines 2013". www.thesummitexpress.com. The Summit Express. April 7, 2013. Retrieved September 2, 2020.
48. ^ "From hottest in PH, temperatures drastically drop in Tuguegarao". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved March 24, 2019.
49. ^ Gascon, Melvin (January 27, 2014). "Tuguegarao, hottest city in PH, also chills". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved March 24, 2019.
50. ^ "Other Officials of Tuguegarao Archdiocese". www.ucanews.com. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
51. ^ Census of Population (2015). "Region II (Cagayan Valley)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
52. ^ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region II (Cagayan Valley)" (PDF). Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. National Statistics Office. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
53. ^ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region II (Cagayan Valley)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. National Statistics Office.
54. ^ "Province of Cagayan". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
55. ^ "Poverty incidence (PI):". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved December 28, 2020.
56. ^ "Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
57. ^ "2003 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. March 23, 2009.
58. ^ "City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates; 2006 and 2009" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. August 3, 2012.
59. ^ "2012 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. May 31, 2016.
60. ^ "Municipal and City Level Small Area Poverty Estimates; 2009, 2012 and 2015". Philippine Statistics Authority. July 10, 2019.
61. ^ "PSA Releases the 2018 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. December 15, 2021. Retrieved January 22, 2022.
62. ^ "PSA Releases the 2021 City and Municipal Level Poverty Estimates". Philippine Statistics Authority. April 2, 2024. Retrieved April 28, 2024.
63. ^ "Tuguegarao City History | Tourist Spots, Language and Festivals | Philippines Cities". Retrieved March 20, 2019.
64. ^ "NEXT WAVE CITIES IN THE PHILIPPINES". nicp.org.ph. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
65. ^ Dela Cruz, Raymond Carl (June 30, 2020). "25 PH cities chosen to be next 'digital cities' by 2025". Philippine News Agency (PNA). Retrieved July 3, 2020.
66. ^ SM Prime Holdings Offer Supplement 2017. p. 30-31. SM Prime Holdings, Inc.'s Application for Permit to Sell
67. ^ "SM Prime Building 21 New Malls". Manila Standard. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
68. ^ "SMPH T4 : Updated Offer Supplement" (PDF). SM Prime. SM Prime Holdings, Inc. March 14, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
69. ^ Dumlao-Abadilla, Doris. "RLC to generate P20B through share sale". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
70. ^ "Robinsons Land opens 50th mall". BusinessWorld. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
71. ^ Philippine Daily Inquirer. "RLC bets big on warehousing, dorms, coworking spaces". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
72. ^ "Philippine Seven steps up expansion after robust 2017 results". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
73. ^ "Tuguegarao City meet with IT-BPO players". region2.dti.gov.ph. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
74. ^ "Tuguegarao City to advance local ICT industry". Philippine Information Agency. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
75. ^ "1st business park to rise in Tuguegarao City". BusinessWorld. February 4, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
76. ^ "North Gateway Business Park – DataLand Projects". Retrieved April 13, 2020.
77. ^ Baccay, Oliver T. (May 3, 2019). "NEDA crafts dev't master plan for Metro-Tuguegarao". pia.gov.ph. Retrieved October 3, 2020.
78. ^ Malnawa, Christian (February 20, 2024). "Government invests P2B in Tuguegarao-Solana Bridge to tackle Buntun Bridge traffic bottlenecks". GuruPress Cordillera. Retrieved August 16, 2024.
79. ^ "Local Government Code of 1991". The LawPhil Project.
80. ^ "2019 Election Results:Tuguegarao City, Cagayan". GMA News. Retrieved May 22, 2019.
81. ^ "Tuguegarao City Council". City Government of Tuguegarao. tuguegaraocity.gov.ph. Retrieved February 25, 2023.
82. ^ "Tuguegarao mayor Soriano steps down to focus on court fight". Rappler. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
83. ^ Dullana, Raymon (September 6, 2017). "CA division reinstates Tuguegarao mayor Soriano". NorthernForum.net. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
84. ^ a b Gascon, Melvin. "Tuguegarao mounts fire festival". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
85. ^ Dullana, Raymon. "Take a look at Tuguegarao's vibrant 'fire' festival". Rappler. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
86. ^ Dullana, Raymon. "3,500 students light torches for Tuguegarao's 'Afi' Festival". Rappler. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
87. ^ PNA. "Tuguegarao hosts Pav-vurulun Afi fest". Manila Standard. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
88. ^ Albornoz-Lactaoen, Vic (August 17, 2007). "Maskota Festival of Tuguegarao City". Manila Bulletin.
89. ^ "Pancit Batil Patong - Ang Sarap". AngSarap.net. September 14, 2012. Retrieved May 27, 2019.
90. ^ Sison, Jainey (June 6, 2017). "Longganisang Tuguegarao". Mama's Guide Recipes. Retrieved May 12, 2020.
91. ^ "New Cagayan museum 'soft opening' eyed for Aggao nac Cagayan 2018". The Northern Forum. April 3, 2018. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
92. ^ "PAGGUNITA NG SENTENARYO NG BANTAYOG NI GAT JOSE RIZAL SA TUGUEGARAO, MATAGUMPAY NA IDINAOS". Cagayan. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
93. ^ a b "City Tour". Tuguegarao City Government. Retrieved September 10, 2024.
94. ^ "Tuguegarao City's long neglected horno". Simbahan. January 15, 2016. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
95. ^ "HISTORY". St. Paul University Philippines. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
96. ^ "Best Things To Do In Tuguegarao, Philippines For Adventure Seekers - Updated 2020". Trip101. May 13, 2017. Retrieved April 30, 2020.
97. ^ Dela Paz, Chrisee Jalyssa V. "Tuguegarao airport expansion, rehab contracts announced". BusinessWorld. Retrieved October 3, 2017.
98. ^ Lucena, Gerard Josef (August 22, 2017). "New int'l airport site seen in eastern Tuguegarao". NorthernForum.net. Retrieved August 22, 2017.
99. ^ Iñigo, Liezle Basa. "P1.1B Tuguegarao diversion road being built". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
100. ^ a b "Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines (MCNP) | International School of Asia and the Pacific (ISAP) - Official Website". www.mcnpisap.com. Archived from the original on September 21, 2012. Retrieved January 17, 2022.
101. ^ "Members". www.phap-ph.org.

## External links

[edit]

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Tuguegarao.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tuguegarao.

### Official Websites

[edit]

* Official website

### General Information

[edit]

* Philippine Standard Geographic Code

Preceded by

Lal-lo

|  Capital of Cagayan
1839–present  | Incumbent

|
|

* v
* t
* e

Places adjacent to Tuguegarao

| Solana / Cagayan River | Iguig |

|
|

|  |

Tuguegarao

| Peñablanca
|  |
Enrile / Cagayan River | San Pablo, Isabela |

* v
* t
* e

Province of Cagayan

Tuguegarao (capital and largest city)

Municipalities|

* Abulug
* Alcala
* Allacapan
* Amulung
* Aparri
* Baggao
* Ballesteros
* Buguey
* Calayan
* Camalaniugan
* Claveria
* Enrile
* Gattaran
* Gonzaga
* Iguig
* Lal-lo
* Lasam
* Pamplona
* Peñablanca
* Piat
* Rizal
* Sanchez Mira
* Santa Ana
* Santa Praxedes
* Santa Teresita
* Santo Niño
* Solana
* Tuao

Component city|

* Tuguegarao

Barangays|

See: List of barangays in Cagayan

* v
* t
* e

Cagayan Valley (Region II)

Regional center|

* Tuguegarao

Provinces|

* Batanes
* Cagayan
* Isabela
* Nueva Vizcaya
* Quirino

Independent component city|

* Santiago

Component cities|

* Cauayan
* Ilagan
* Tuguegarao

Provincial capitals|

* Basco
* Bayombong
* Cabarroguis
* Ilagan
* Tuguegarao

Municipalities|

* Abulug
* Aglipay
* Alcala
* Alfonso Castañeda
* Alicia
* Allacapan
* Ambaguio
* Amulung
* Angadanan
* Aparri
* Aritao
* Aurora
* Bagabag
* Baggao
* Ballesteros
* Bambang
* Basco
* Bayombong
* Benito Soliven
* Buguey
* Burgos
* Cabagan
* Cabarroguis
* Cabatuan
* Calayan
* Camalaniugan
* Claveria
* Cordon
* Delfin Albano
* Diadi
* Diffun
* Dinapigue
* Divilacan
* Dupax del Norte
* Dupax del Sur
* Echague
* Enrile
* Gamu
* Gattaran
* Gonzaga
* Iguig
* Itbayat
* Ivana
* Jones
* Kasibu
* Kayapa
* Lal-lo
* Lasam
* Luna
* Maconacon
* Maddela
* Mahatao
* Mallig
* Nagtipunan
* Naguilian
* Palanan
* Pamplona
* Peñablanca
* Piat
* Quezon (Isabela)
* Quezon (Nueva Vizcaya)
* Quirino
* Ramon
* Reina Mercedes
* Rizal
* Roxas
* Sabtang
* Saguday
* San Agustin
* San Guillermo
* San Isidro
* San Manuel
* San Mariano
* San Mateo
* San Pablo
* Sanchez-Mira
* Santa Ana
* Santa Fe
* Santa Maria
* Santa Praxedes
* Santa Teresita
* Santo Niño
* Santo Tomas
* Solana
* Solano
* Tuao
* Tumauini
* Uyugan
* Villaverde

Luzon, Philippines

* v
* t
* e

List of cities in the Philippines

Highly urbanized
cities|

* Angeles City
* Bacolod
* Baguio
* Butuan
* Cagayan de Oro
* Caloocan
* Cebu City
* Davao City
* General Santos
* Iligan
* Iloilo City
* Lapu-Lapu City
* Las Piñas
* Lucena
* Makati
* Malabon
* Mandaluyong
* Mandaue
* Manila
* Marikina
* Muntinlupa
* Navotas
* Olongapo
* Parañaque
* Pasay
* Pasig
* Puerto Princesa
* Quezon City
* San Juan
* Tacloban
* Taguig
* Valenzuela
* Zamboanga City

Independent
component cities|

* Cotabato City
* Dagupan
* Naga, Camarines Sur
* Ormoc
* Santiago

Component cities|

* Alaminos
* Antipolo
* Bacoor
* Bago
* Bais
* Balanga
* Baliwag
* Batac
* Batangas City
* Bayawan
* Baybay
* Bayugan
* Biñan
* Bislig
* Bogo
* Borongan
* Cabadbaran
* Cabanatuan
* Cabuyao
* Cadiz
* Calaca
* Calamba
* Calapan
* Calbayog
* Candon
* Canlaon
* Carcar
* Carmona
* Catbalogan
* Cauayan
* Cavite City
* Danao
* Dapitan
* Dasmariñas
* Digos
* Dipolog
* Dumaguete
* El Salvador
* Escalante
* Gapan
* General Trias
* Gingoog
* Guihulngan
* Himamaylan
* Ilagan
* Imus
* Iriga
* Isabela
* Kabankalan
* Kidapawan
* Koronadal
* La Carlota
* Lamitan
* Laoag
* Legazpi
* Ligao
* Lipa
* Maasin
* Mabalacat
* Malaybalay
* Malolos
* Marawi
* Masbate City
* Mati
* Meycauayan
* Muñoz
* Naga, Cebu
* Oroquieta
* Ozamiz
* Pagadian
* Palayan
* Panabo
* Passi
* Roxas
* Sagay
* Samal
* San Carlos, Negros Occidental
* San Carlos, Pangasinan
* San Fernando, La Union
* San Fernando, Pampanga
* San Jose
* San Jose del Monte
* San Pablo
* San Pedro
* Santa Rosa
* Santo Tomas
* Silay
* Sipalay
* Sorsogon City
* Surigao City
* Tabaco
* Tabuk
* Tacurong
* Tagaytay
* Tagbilaran
* Tagum
* Talisay, Cebu
* Talisay, Negros Occidental
* Tanauan
* Tandag
* Tangub
* Tanjay
* Tarlac City
* Tayabas
* Toledo
* Trece Martires
* Tuguegarao
* Urdaneta
* Valencia
* Victorias
* Vigan

* v
* t
* e

Provincial capital cities and municipalities of the Philippines

Luzon

* Abra: Bangued
* Albay: Legazpi
* Apayao: Kabugao / Luna1
* Aurora: Baler
* Bataan: Balanga
* Batanes: Basco
* Batangas: Batangas City
* Benguet: La Trinidad
* Bulacan: Malolos
* Cagayan: Tuguegarao
* Camarines Norte: Daet
* Camarines Sur: Pili
* Catanduanes: Virac
* Cavite: Imus / Trece Martires1
* Ifugao: Lagawe
* Ilocos Norte: Laoag
* Ilocos Sur: Vigan
* Isabela: Ilagan
* Kalinga: Tabuk
* La Union: San Fernando
* Laguna: Santa Cruz
* Marinduque: Boac
* Masbate: Masbate City
* Mountain Province: Bontoc
* Nueva Ecija: Palayan
* Nueva Vizcaya: Bayombong
* Occidental Mindoro: Mamburao
* Oriental Mindoro: Calapan
* Palawan: Puerto Princesa
* Pampanga: San Fernando
* Pangasinan: Lingayen
* Quezon: Lucena
* Quirino: Cabarroguis
* Rizal: Antipolo
* Romblon: Romblon
* Sorsogon: Sorsogon City
* Tarlac: Tarlac City
* Zambales: Iba

Visayas

* Aklan: Kalibo
* Antique: San Jose de Buenavista
* Biliran: Naval
* Bohol: Tagbilaran
* Capiz: Roxas
* Cebu: Cebu City
* Eastern Samar: Borongan
* Guimaras: Jordan
* Iloilo: Iloilo City
* Leyte: Tacloban
* Negros Occidental: Bacolod
* Negros Oriental: Dumaguete
* Northern Samar: Catarman
* Samar: Catbalogan
* Siquijor: Siquijor
* Southern Leyte: Maasin

Mindanao

* Agusan del Norte: Cabadbaran / Butuan1
* Agusan del Sur: Prosperidad
* Basilan: Lamitan / Isabela1
* Bukidnon: Malaybalay
* Camiguin: Mambajao
* Cotabato: Kidapawan
* Davao de Oro: Nabunturan
* Davao del Norte: Tagum
* Davao del Sur: Digos
* Davao Occidental: Malita
* Davao Oriental: Mati
* Dinagat Islands: San Jose
* Lanao del Norte: Tubod
* Lanao del Sur: Marawi
* Maguindanao del Norte: Datu Odin Sinsuat
* Maguindanao del Sur: Buluan
* Misamis Occidental: Oroquieta
* Misamis Oriental: Cagayan de Oro
* Sarangani: Alabel
* South Cotabato: Koronadal
* Sultan Kudarat: Isulan
* Sulu: Jolo
* Surigao del Norte: Surigao City
* Surigao del Sur: Tandag
* Tawi-Tawi: Bongao
* Zamboanga del Norte: Dipolog
* Zamboanga del Sur: Pagadian
* Zamboanga Sibugay: Ipil

1 de facto seat of provincial government

Authority control databases

International|

* VIAF

National|

* United States
* Israel

*[PSGC]: Philippine Standard Geographic Code
*[Pop.]: Population
*[±% p.a.]: Per annum growth rate. Executive Order 135 §6 states that for "census years" (years divisible by 10) the reference date would be May 1st, but for all other years, the reference date is to be the "middle of the year". This means that growth rates, although correct, are not necessarily simple year-on-year comparisons.
*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template