Twin Galaxies

Organization and social media platform

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages)

This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources.
Find sources: "Twin Galaxies" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Twin Galaxies" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

|

(Learn how and when to remove this message)

Twin Galaxies

Formation| November 10, 1981; 43 years ago (1981-11-10)
Founder| Walter Day
Founded at| Ottumwa, Iowa, US
Purpose| Video game–oriented social media platform, news, competition, record keeping
Headquarters| Beverly Hills, California, US

Key people

* Jace Hall (CEO)
* Rajat Sood (Co-founder)

Affiliations| Guinness World Records
Website| www.twingalaxies.com

Twin Galaxies is a social media platform and video game database. Twin Galaxies is the official supplier of video game records to Guinness World Records.[1]

## History

[edit]

In mid-1981, Walter Day, founder of Twin Galaxies, Inc., visited more than 100 video game arcades over four months, recording the high scores that he found on each game.[citation needed]

On November 10, 1981, Day opened his arcade in Ottumwa, Iowa, naming it Twin Galaxies.[citation needed]

On February 9, 1982, Day's database of records was released publicly as the Twin Galaxies National Scoreboard.[citation needed]

Twin Galaxies' first event formed state teams from the top players in North Carolina and California, facing them off in a "California Challenges North Carolina All-Star Playoff." The teams played in 17 different games in Lakewood, California, and Wrightsville Beach, North Carolina. California defeated North Carolina 10–7 over the weekend of August 27–30, 1982.[2]

In September, 1982, the book "Defending the Galaxy"[3] is released—and declaring Twin Galaxies as the "Video Game Capital of the World," and describing the California/North Carolina contest just held.[citation needed]

On November 30, 1982, Ottumwa mayor Jerry Parker declared the town "Video Game Capital of the World", a claim that was backed up by Iowa Governor Terry Branstad, Atari and the Amusement Game Manufacturers Association in a ceremony at Twin Galaxies on March 19, 1983.[4][5][6]

Beginning in the summer of 1982, Video Games magazine and Joystick published high-score tables taken from Twin Galaxies' data. Additional high-score charts also appeared in USA Today, Videogiochi (Milan, Italy), Computer Games, Video Game Player and Electronic Fun.[7][8][9]

On January 8–9, 1983, Twin Galaxies organized its first world championship, which was filmed by ABC-TV's That's Incredible! and aired on February 21, 1983.[10]

In March 1983, Twin Galaxies was contracted by the Electronic Circus to assemble a professional troupe of video game high-scorers. Though the Circus was scheduled to visit 40 cities in North America, its Boston inaugural performance lasted only five days, closing on July 19. The players selected by Twin Galaxies for the Circus are believed to be history's first professionally contracted video game players.[11]

On July 25, 1983, Twin Galaxies established the first professional U.S. National Video Game Team. The USNVGT toured the United States during the summer of 1983 in a 44-foot GMC bus filled with arcade games, appearing at arcades around the nation and conducting the 1983 Video Game Masters Tournament, the results of which were published in the 1984 US edition of Guinness World Records.[citation needed]

In 1988, the Guinness Book of World records stopped publishing records from Twin Galaxies due to a decline in interest for arcade games.[12]

On February 8, 1998, Twin Galaxies' Official Video Game & Pinball Book of World Records was published. It is a 984-page book containing scores compiled since 1981. A second edition was published as a three-volume set in 2007. A third edition was published in 2009.[non-primary source needed]

Founder Walter Day left Twin Galaxies in 2010 to pursue a career in music,[13] and since then ownership of Twin Galaxies has changed hands several times.[14] In 2013, Twin Galaxies began charging a fee for score submissions.[15]

In March 2014, Jace Hall announced that he was the new "Head Custodian and Caretaker of the TWIN GALAXIES organization".[16] On April 28, 2014, the full Twin Galaxies website, including the high score database and forum content, came back online.

Walter Day (right) and his business partner from the early 1980s Mark Hoff (right) and Joel West

## US National Video Game Team

[edit]

Main article: U.S. National Video Game Team

The US National Video Game Team was founded on July 25, 1983, in Ottumwa, Iowa, by Walter Day and the Twin Galaxies Intergalactic Scoreboard.[citation needed]

## Events

[edit]

### Video Game Film Festival

[edit]

Twin Galaxies organized the first Video Game Film Festival on June 2, 2001, at the Funspot Family Fun Center in Weirs Beach, New Hampshire, as a vehicle to document the cultural impact that video games have exerted on society.[citation needed]

### Console Video Game World Championships

[edit]

Twin Galaxies conducted the first Console Video Game World Championship during Twin Galaxies' 1st Annual Twin Galaxies' Video Game Festival at the Mall of America, Bloomington, Minnesota, on the weekend of July 20–22, 2001. This event is also known as the Console Game World Championship and had originally been planned for March 24–25, 2001, at the Sheraton Dallas Brookhollow Hotel in Dallas, Texas, but was moved forward to the Mall of America event.[citation needed]

The second Console Video Game World Championship was held the weekend of July 12–14, 2002, at the 2nd Annual Twin Galaxies' Video Game Festival at the Mall of America.[17][18][19][20][21]

### Classic Video Game World Championship

[edit]

Twin Galaxies conducted the first "Classic Video Game World Championship" on June 2–4, 2001, at the Funspot Family Fun Center in Weirs Beach, New Hampshire. The winner of this renewed video game contest was Dwayne Richard, with Donald Hayes coming in second place. This event was descended from the Coronation Day Championships that were conducted by Twin Galaxies in 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, and 2000. The 2nd "Classic Video Game World Championship" was conducted on the weekend of June 30 – July 2, 2002. The winner was Dwayne Richard, with Donald Hayes again coming in second place.[22][23][non-primary source needed]

In July 2001 and 2002, Twin Galaxies conducted the annual Twin Galaxies' Video Game Festivals at the Mall of America.[24][non-primary source needed]

On August 15, 2005, Walter Day and the staff of Twin Galaxies led a contingent of US and UK video game players to Paris, where they delivered an eight-foot-tall (2.4 meters) proclamation that proposed a "London vs. Paris" Video Game Championship.[citation needed]

On September 24, 2005, the US National Video Game Team revived and formed a New England Chapter with Walter Day as the national team captain and David Nelson of Derry, New Hampshire, as the chapter captain.[citation needed]

### Iron Man Contest

[edit]

In the first week of July 1985, Twin Galaxies conducted the 1st Twin Galaxies Iron Man Contest. The goal of the Iron Man competition was simple: competitors had to continue playing their game for as long as they could. If anyone passed 100 hours, they would be awarded a $10,000 prize from the Sports Achievement Association.[citation needed]

The winner of the contest was 18-year-old James Vollandt, who carried his Joust game for 67½ hours. The game malfunctioned at around 58 hours, wiping out all of his 210 extra lives. However, he earned back forty of them. He left the game voluntarily with a record-breaking score of 107,216,700 points, a record that stood until 2010 when John McAllister broke the record over a live streaming video on justin.tv.[25]

## Media

[edit]

In 2007, a film about Twin Galaxies and video game champions released in the 1980s, Chasing Ghosts: Beyond the Arcade, was screened at the Sundance Film Festival.

The King of Kong: A Fistful of Quarters, a feature documentary about retro arcade gamers, and the competition between Billy Mitchell and Steve Wiebe, in which Walter Day and Twin Galaxies feature prominently, was released in theaters on August 24, 2007. The documentary was critical of Twin Galaxies' handling of challenges to long-established top scores and suggested that its organizational structure is rife with conflicts of interest.[non-primary source needed]

Frag, a feature documentary about modern professional gamers, was released on DVD on August 1, 2008, by Cohesion Productions[26] of Cedar Falls, Iowa. The first ten minutes of the documentary covered Twin Galaxies' role as the pioneers of organized video game playing back in the early 1980s.

Man vs Snake: The Long and Twisted Tale of Nibbler, a feature documentary about the video game Nibbler, was released worldwide in 2016. The film includes Twin Galaxies' history and the competition for high scores. Walter Day is featured throughout the film.

## Cheating controversies

[edit]

Records by both Todd Rogers and Billy Mitchell were invalidated by Twin Galaxies after investigations determined that the scores were not genuine.[27] Rogers was revealed to have entered fake records into the database either by himself or by his friend who was a referee at Twin Galaxies, whereas Mitchell was found to have used an emulator to reach certain scores despite claiming to have played on an original arcade machine, which is a violation of the Twin Galaxies rules.[28][29]

## Poster gallery

[edit]

Since August 1, 1982, Twin Galaxies has been producing stylized posters to document gaming events.[30][non-primary source needed] Though the first dozen posters issued in the early 1980s had printing runs of 500–1,000 copies each, the posters created in later years have been issued as limited editions with only 20–24 copies produced.[citation needed]

## Twin Galaxies contests and events

[edit]

Date  | Title  | Venue  | Location

|
|
|

April 3–4, 1982  | National Defender Championship  | 33 Arcades across America  | Nationwide
August 27–30, 1982  | California Challenges North Carolina  | Light Years Amusement/Phil's Family Fun Ctr.  | Wrightsville Beach, NC/Lakewood, CA
January 8–9, 1983  | North America Video Game Olympics  | Twin Galaxies/"ABC-TV's "That's Incredible"  | Ottumwa, IA
August 24–28, 1983  | 1983 North American Video Game Challenge  | 8 Cities Across America  | Lake Odessa, MI/Omaha, NE/Chicago, IL/San Jose, CA/Seattle, WA
January 14, 1984  | 1984 Coronation Day Championship  | Twin Galaxies  | Ottumwa, IA
January 12–13, 1985  | 1985 Coronation Day Championship  | Captain Video  | Los Angeles, CA
April 19–20, 1997  | 1997 Video Game & Pinball Masters Tournament  | 12 Cities  | Fairfield, IA/Wilmington, NC/Edmonton, AB, Canada/Voorhees, NJ/St. Louis, MO/Kansas City, MO
June 27, 1998  | Crowning the Superstars of Mobile, Alabama  | Cyberstation Arcade, Springdale Mall  | Mobile, AL
August 22, 1998  | Crowning the Videogame Superstars of Tulsa, Oklahoma  | Funhouse  | Tulsa, OK
August 29, 1998  | Crowning the Videogame Superstars of St. Louis, MO  | Exhilirama Arcade  | St. Louis, MO
August 29, 1998  | Crowning the Videogame Superstars of Hattiesburg, Mississippi  | Cyberstation Arcade  | Hattiesburg, MS
January 30–31, 1999  | Chicagoland Arcade Championship  | Friar Tuck's Arcade  | Calumet City, IL
July 10, 1999  | National Family Fun Day  | 28 States Across America  | Nationwide
July 29–30, 2000  | Classic Gaming Expo 2000  | Plaza Hotel, Las Vegas, NV  | Las Vegas, NV
September 25 - October 20, 2000  | Unreal Tournament Championship  | Online Competition  | International
Nov. 20 - Dec. 20, 2000  | Official Tony Hawk Pro 2 World Championship[31] | Home-Based Submissions  | International
January 1 - March 7, 2001  | Space Empires IV World Championship[32][citation needed] | Online Submissions  | International
May 3 - July 2, 2001  | Crazy Taxi World Championship  | Home-Based Submissions  | International
July 20–22, 2001  | 1st Twin Galaxies' Video Game Festival  | Mall of America  | Bloomington, MN
May 18, 2002  | Save the Pak Mann Arcade[33] | Pak Mann Arcade  | Pasadena, CA
May 30 - June 2, 2002  | 2nd Classic Video Game World Championship[34] | Funspot Family Fun Center  | Weirs Beach, NH
July 12–14, 2002  | 2nd Twin Galaxies' Video Game Festival[35] | Mall of America  | Bloomington, MN
November 12–19, 2005  | November Hi-Score Jamboree at Funspot  | Funspot Family Fun Center  | Weirs Beach, NH
December 2–4, 2005  | Legends of the Golden Age[36] | Totally Amused  | Humble, TX
April 6–9, 2006  | Toughest Gun in the Dodge City[37] | Apollo Amusements  | Pompano Beach, FL
April 28–30, 2006  | 2006 Video Game & Pinball Masters Tournament  | Pinball Hall of Fame  | Las Vegas, NV
September 16, 2006  | Grand Rapids Nintendo DS Championship  | Ultimate LAN Experience  | Grand Rapids, MI
November 10–18, 2007  | 5 November Hi-Score Jamboree at Funspot  | Funspot Family Fun Center  | Weirs Beach, NH
March 5, 2008  | Steve Wiebe Attempts Donkey Kong World Record  | MIX08 Event  | Las Vegas, NV
July 17, 2008  | Steve Wiebe Donkey Kong Record Attempt  | Twiistup 4 Technology event  | Santa Monica, CA
August 2, 2008  | Nintendo Wii Shootout  | Ultimate LAN Experience  | Grand Rapids, MI
June 12–14, 2009  | Steve Wiebe Donkey Kong World Record attempt and Walter Day presented inaugural Twin Galaxies Hall of Fame Ceremony[38] | Northwest Pinball and Gameroom Show | Seattle, WA

## See also

[edit]

* Time attack
* Speedrun

## References

[edit]

1. ^ "Twin Galaxies is the official supplier of video game scores to the Guinness World Records books". GuinnessWorldRecords.com. Archived from the original on July 23, 2008.
2. ^ California Tops Carolina in Video Challenge - RePlay Magazine, October, 1982 Archived 2007-10-23 at the Wayback Machine
3. ^ Rubin, Michael (1982). Defending the Galaxy. Triad Publishing, Gainesville, FL. pp. 193–195\. ISBN 0-937404-17-9.`{{cite book}}`: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
4. ^ What is the Video Game Capital of the World? - Cashbox Magazine, April 2, 1983 Archived March 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
5. ^ The King of the Video Game Addicts - Toronto Sunday Star, March 27, 1983 Archived October 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
6. ^ Video Game Capital Lies Amid Iowa Cornfields - St. Louis Post-Dispatch, October 9, 1983 Archived March 13, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
7. ^ Seek Individual Excellence - Associated Press Wire Story in Miami Herald, August 21, 1982 Archived October 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
8. ^ Records, like promises, are not always meant to be broken - USA Today, July 7, 1983 Archived March 24, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
9. ^ Video Game Records - USA Today, April 22, 1983 Archived March 24, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
10. ^ Twin Galaxies' Coronation Day Crowns Video's Best of '83 - RePlay Magazine, February 1, 1984 Archived March 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
11. ^ Video Hall of Fame - Blip Magazine, February 1, 1983 Archived October 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
12. ^ "Guinness to Release Book of Game Records". Sidney Morning Herald. February 7, 2008. Archived from the original on October 26, 2014. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
13. ^ "Walter Day leaves Twin Galaxies". Eurogamer. August 3, 2010. Archived from the original on October 26, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
14. ^ "Twin Galaxies Sold to New Ownership?". October 4, 2012. Archived from the original on October 26, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
15. ^ "Twin Galaxies starts charging for score submissions". BitGamer. April 22, 2013. Archived from the original on October 26, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
16. ^ Kyle Hilliard (March 30, 2014). "Video Game Record Curator Twin Galaxies Comes Under New Management". Game Informer. Archived from the original on April 11, 2014. Retrieved March 31, 2014.
17. ^ "Register for Console Competition - News". Nintendo World Report.
18. ^ Gaming-Age.com, February 16, 2001 Archived November 26, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
19. ^ XGR.com, February 16, 2001 Archived December 14, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
20. ^ Video Game Festival at Mall of America, July 1, 2001 Archived December 8, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
21. ^ "Geek.com, November 11, 2002". Archived from the original on November 27, 2005.
22. ^ Classic Video Game World Championship Set for New Hampshire May 8, 2001 Archived October 23, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
23. ^ Classic Video Game World Championship Attracts the World's Best, May 26, 2002 Archived February 19, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
24. ^ Festival Marries Classics with CounterStrike, RePlay Magazine, Woodland Hills, CA, September 1, 2001 Archived December 30, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
25. ^ Good, Owen (October 24, 2010). "New World Record In Joust Awaiting Certification". Kotaku. Archived from the original on October 27, 2010. Retrieved March 25, 2011.
26. ^ Cohesion Productions Releases FRAG - www.cohesionproductions.com Archived 2008-07-24 at the Wayback Machine
27. ^ Alexandra, Heather (July 7, 2017). "Doubt And Drama Still Haunt An Old, Seemingly Impossible Atari World Record". Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
28. ^ "Gaming Documentary Highlights the Biggest Cheater in Video Game History". Gamerant. January 24, 2018. Archived from the original on February 7, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
29. ^ Crecente, Brian (April 12, 2018). "'King of Kong' Star Stripped of High Scores, Banned From Competition".
30. ^ Twin Galaxies' Gallery of Posters, 1982-2008 Archived 2008-03-28 at the Wayback Machine
31. ^ "GameRankings - Video Game Reviews from around the Internet". www.gamerankings.com. Archived from the original on December 29, 2008. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
32. ^ http://www.strategyplanet.com/news/index.asp?month=1&day=5&year=2001[permanent dead link]
33. ^ "California Video Game Players Challenge City Hall". Archived from the original on May 25, 2011. Retrieved August 21, 2008.
34. ^ "Classic Videogame World Championships". www.gamersmark.com. Archived from the original on March 7, 2003.
35. ^ "Video Games, News, Reviews, Walkthroughs, Cheat codes and More - Interact". www.gamezone.com. Archived from the original on January 10, 2016. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
36. ^ "Video Games, News, Reviews, Walkthroughs, Cheat codes and More - Interact". www.gamezone.com. Archived from the original on January 10, 2016. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
37. ^ "Video Games, News, Reviews, Walkthroughs, Cheat codes and More - Interact". www.gamezone.com. Archived from the original on January 10, 2016. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
38. ^ "Twin Galaxies Inaugural Hall of Fame Ceremony in Seattle". www.classicarcadegaming.com. Archived from the original on June 21, 2011. Retrieved April 1, 2010.

## External links

[edit]

* Official website
* Twitch channel

* v
* t
* e

Esports and competitive video gaming

* Games
* Leagues and tournaments
* Players
* Cheating
* Betting

Fighting|

* Capcom Cup
* CEO
* Evolution Championship Series
* Killer Instinct World Cup
* Super Smash Bros.
* Apex
* The Big House
* Genesis
* Smash World Tour
* Super Smash Con

MOBA|

* Dota 2
* Pro Circuit
* The International
* League of Legends
* World Championship
* Mid-Season Invitational
* First Stand
* Champions Korea
* Championship Pacific
* Championship of The Americas
* EMEA Championship
* Pro League
* Pacific Championship Series
* Vietnam Championship Series
* other
* Mobile Legends: Bang Bang
* Mid Season Cup
* World Championship
* Smite World Championship

Real-time strategy|

* StarCraft
* StarCraft II
* Global League
* Warcraft III
* championships

Shooter|

* Apex Legends Global Series
* Call of Duty
* Championship
* League
* Counter-Strike
* BLAST Premier
* ESL Pro League
* Flashpoint
* Majors
* Fortnite World Cup
* Overwatch
* Apex
* Champions Series
* Contenders
* League
* World Cup
* QuakeCon
* Six Invitational
* Valorant Champions Tour
* PUBG Mobile

Sports|

* eFootball.Open
* eSailing
* Inshore Worlds
* Offshore (Virtual Vendee)
* Gran Turismo World Series
* FIFAe World Cup
* FIFAe Nations Cup
* Formula One Esports Series
* Formula E: Accelerate
* iRacing
* eNASCAR Coca-Cola iRacing Series
* eNASCAR iRacing Pro Invitational Series
* EuroNASCAR Esports Series
* INDYCAR iRacing Challenge
* NBA 2K League
* Rocket League Championship Series
* eRacing
* 2017 Vegas eRace

Other genres|

* Classic Tetris World Championship
* Hearthstone
* Pokémon
* World Championships

Multi-genre|

* Asian Games
* Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
* Commonwealth Esports Championships
* DreamHack
* ELeague
* ESEA League
* ESL
* Intel Extreme Masters
* Esports World Convention
* Esports World Cup
* Major League Gaming
* list of National Championships
* Nintendo World Championships
* Campus Challenge
* Olympic Esports Games
* Olympic Esports Series
* Southeast Asian Games
* Twin Galaxies
* World Cyber Games
* World Electronic Sports Games
* World Series of Video Games

Governing bodies|

* Amazon University Esports
* Armenian Esports Federation
* Asian Electronic Sports Federation
* Bangladesh Youth Development and Electronic Sports Association
* British Esports
* Esports Integrity Commission
* Esports World Federation
* Global Esports Federation
* International Esports Federation
* Korea e-Sports Association
* National Association of Collegiate Esports
* Professional Esports Association
* Saudi Esports Federation
* Tespa
* Thailand E-Sports Federation
* Russian eSports Federation
* World Esports Association

Defunct organizations|

* Championship Gaming Series
* Cyberathlete Professional League
* eGames
* G7 Teams
* MBCGame StarCraft League
* Ongamenet Starleague
* Professional Gamers League
* Tougeki – Super Battle Opera
* United Kingdom eSports Association
* World e-Sports Games
* World League eSport Bundesliga
* XLEAGUE.TV

By country|

* Philippines
* United Arab Emirates

Years|

* 2006
* 2007
* 2008
* 2009
* 2010
* 2011
* 2012
* 2013
* 2014
* 2015
* 2016
* 2017
* 2018
* 2019
* 2020
* 2021
* 2022
* 2023
* 2024
* 2025

* Category

* v
* t
* e

Speedrunning

Events and communities|

* Speed Demos Archive
* Games Done Quick
* TheSpeedGamers
* Twin Galaxies
* European Speedrunner Assembly
* Quake done Quick

By game|

* Elden Ring
* Minecraft
* Spelunky
* Eggplant run

Speedrunners|

* Armada
* Atrioc
* Bananasaurus Rex
* cheese
* Cr1TiKaL
* darbian
* Dream
* GrandPooBear
* gymnast86
* Karl Jobst
* Niftski
* PangaeaPanga
* SethBling
* Summoning Salt
* TASBot
* The Mexican Runner
* Trihex
* Narcissa Wright
* Zfg

Related|

* Tool-assisted speedrun
* Running with Speed
* SEUM: Speedrunners from Hell
* Sequence breaking

* Category

*[v]: View this template
*[t]: Discuss this template
*[e]: Edit this template