Twin films

Similar films released at the same time

Twin films are films with the same or similar plots produced and released at the same time by two different film studios.[1] The phenomenon can result from two or more production companies investing in similar scripts at the same time, resulting in a race to distribute the films to audiences.[2][3] Some attribute twin films to industrial espionage, the movement of staff between studios, or that the same screenplays are sent to several film studios before being accepted. Another possible explanation is if the films deal with topical issues, such as volcanic eruptions, reality television, terrorist attacks, or significant anniversaries, resulting in multiple discovery of the concept.[3]

While twin films are often big budget films, a mockbuster can be made with a low budget, with similar titles, aesthetics, or theme as blockbuster films.[4] Mockbusters are usually given more limited release and marketing, intending to take advantage of the public interest in the topic driven by the major film.

## Avoiding twin films[edit]

Screenwriter Terry Rossio notes that there are always film projects with similar subjects being developed in multiple studios, and that usually only one of them makes it into production in a given period of time, and therefore twin films are better regarded as exceptions to this tendency.[5] For example, the release of the 2015 Whitey Bulger biopic Black Mass led to the abandonment of a planned film about Bulger that would have been produced by Ben Affleck and Matt Damon.[6]

The 2008 film Who Do You Love?, about American record label Chess Records, had its widespread release delayed until 2010 to avoid competing with Cadillac Records, a higher-budget 2008 film on the same subject.[7]

In one case, for the 1974 film The Towering Inferno, the fear of having competing action thrillers, both set in a burning skyscraper, convinced two Hollywood studios to merge their productions into one (all-star) film.[8]

## Notable examples[edit]

Notable examples of twin films are included in this list:[9][10][11][12]

First film  | Release date  | Second film  | Release date  | Similarities

|
|
|
|

Ivanhoe | 1913  | Ivanhoe | 1913  | Based on Ivanhoe (1819).
The Three Musketeers | 1921  | Les Trois Mousquetaires | 1921  | Based on The Three Musketeers (1844).
The Spanish Dancer | 1923  | Rosita | 1923  | Based on the play Don César de Bazan (1844) and the opera Don César de Bazan (1872).
Dishonored | 1931  | Mata Hari | 1931  | Both films are about female spies. M-G-M studios, alarmed by the competition that the Sternberg-Dietrich phenomena posed to star Greta Garbo, responded with the copycat Mata Hari the same year.[13]
Topaze | 1933  | Topaze | 1933  | Both are adaptations of the play by Marcel Pagnol released a month apart.
Little Man, What Now? | 1933  | Little Man, What Now? | 1934  | Both are adaptations of the novel by Hans Fallada.
The Rise of Catherine the Great | 1934  | The Scarlet Empress | 1934  | Both are about Catherine the Great.
The Emperor's Candlesticks | 1936  | The Emperor's Candlesticks | 1937  | Both are adaptations of The Emperor's Candlesticks (1899) by Baroness Orczy.
Jezebel | 1938  | Gone with the Wind | 1939  | William Wyler's Jezebel (1938) was reportedly created for Bette Davis when she failed to win the highly coveted role of Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939). Both films were about feisty, independent Southern belles during the American Civil War.
Young Mr. Lincoln | 1939  | Abe Lincoln in Illinois | 1940  | Both are about Abraham Lincoln.[14][15]
Journey into Fear | 1943  | Background to Danger | 1943  | An American becomes the target of Nazi spies in neutral Turkey. Based on novels by Eric Ambler.
Rhapsody Rabbit | 1946  | The Cat Concerto | 1947  | Both cartoons center around a piano rendition of "Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2", and both feature a mouse pestering the pianist. See also Rhapsody Rabbit § Plagiarism dispute.
Volcano | 1950  | Stromboli | 1950  | Both are films about a woman who is forced to move to a volcanic island in Italy, where she is ostracized by the locals. Volcano was widely viewed as star Anna Magnani's revenge at not having been cast in Stromboli, as she had been promised by director Roberto Rossellini; this dispute was covered in the 2012 documentary The War of the Volcanoes.
Manina, the Girl in the Bikini | 1952  | Woman of the Red Sea | 1953  | Brigitte Bardot and Sophia Loren in their first main roles as girls in bathing suits in films about deep sea diving.
The Daughter of the Regiment | 1953  | Daughter of the Regiment | 1953  | Based on La fille du régiment (1840) by Gaetano Donizetti
Sign of the Pagan | 1954  | Attila | 1954  | Both films about Attila and his invasion of the Western Roman Empire; a contemporary review in The New York Times writes, "Attila the Hun, quite ignored by moviemakers up to now, is about to step into the limelight in two new films."[16]
Touchez pas au grisbi | 1954  | Rififi | 1955  | Both are films about aging gangsters in Paris. After a successful heist they have to fight against a rival gang.
The Plot to Assassinate Hitler | 1955  | Jackboot Mutiny | 1955  | Both are about the 20 July plot of 1944 to assassinate Adolf Hitler.
The Fly | 1958  | The Wasp Woman | 1959  | Both films are about a human being transforming into a giant insect (a fly and a wasp).
Tarzan's Greatest Adventure | 1959  | Tarzan, the Ape Man | 1959  | Both movies are about Tarzan and an adventure that he has.
Oscar Wilde | 1960  | The Trials of Oscar Wilde | 1960  | Both are about the Irish playwright Oscar Wilde.
Portrait of a Mobster | 1961  | Mad Dog Coll | 1961  | Films about Dutch Schultz and Mad Dog Coll.
Mutiny on the Bounty | 1962  | H.M.S. Defiant | 1962  | Films about mutinies on British ships in the late 18th century.
Cleopatra | 1963  | A Queen for Caesar | 1962  | Films about Cleopatra.
Captain Clegg | 1962  | The Scarecrow of Romney Marsh | 1963  | Both films were based on Doctor Syn (1915) by Russell Thorndike.
Dr. Strangelove | 1964  | Fail Safe | 1964  | Both deal with the concept of accidental nuclear war, although Dr. Strangelove is satire, while Fail Safe is a drama.
Harlow | 1965  | Harlow | 1965  | Both were based on the life story of Jean Harlow.
Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines | 1965  | The Great Race | 1965  | Both are slapstick films about a race in the early 1900s, inspired by the success of It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963).[17][18][19] The films were released two weeks apart.[20]
The Quiller Memorandum | 1966  | Funeral in Berlin | 1966  | Both are spy films set in contemporary Berlin.
You're a Big Boy Now | 1966  | The Graduate | 1967  | Also Benjamin (1968). All are coming-of-age comedy-drama films about a young man being pursued by an older woman.[21]
Yours, Mine and Ours | 1968  | With Six You Get Eggroll | 1968  | Both movies deal with widowed parents marrying and combining both of their families.
Fellini Satyricon | 1969  | Satyricon | 1969  | Both films were based on Petronius's work, Satyricon.
Venus in Furs | 1969  | Venus in Furs | 1969  | Both films were based on Venus in Furs (1870) by Leopold von Sacher-Masoch.
Don't Grieve | 1969  | Mon oncle Benjamin | 1969  | Both films were based on Mon oncle Benjamin [fr] (1842) by Claude Tillier.
The Thirteen Chairs | 1969  | The Twelve Chairs | 1970  | Also The Twelve Chairs (1971). All are based on the Russian 1928 novel The Twelve Chairs by Ilf and Petrov.
Leo the Last | 1970  | The Landlord | 1970  | Both deal with issues of class and race and feature an upper-class man who moves into a lower-class black neighborhood and gets involved with the residents.[22]
The Strawberry Statement | 1970  | Getting Straight | 1970  | Also The Revolutionary and R. P. M. (1970). All are dramas about campus revolt.[23]
Bloody Mama | 1970  | The Grissom Gang | 1971  | Both based on the life story of Ma Barker.[24]
Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song | 1971  | Shaft | 1971  | Both are frequently credited as the earliest examples of the blaxploitation genre.
Ludwig | 1973  | Ludwig: Requiem for a Virgin King | 1972  | Both concern Ludwig II of Bavaria.
Godspell | 1973  | Jesus Christ Superstar | 1973  | Both adaptations of 1971 Broadway musicals based on the life of Jesus Christ.[25][26]
A Doll's House | 1973  | A Doll's House | 1973  | Also Nora Helmer [de] (1974). Adaptations of Henrik Ibsen's play A Doll's House (1879).
The Gambler | 1974  | California Split | 1974  | Both portray Jewish protagonists addicted to gambling on a downward spiral.
Executive Action | 1973  | The Parallax View | 1974  | Paranoid thrillers about political assassinations.
Cannonball | 1976  | The Gumball Rally | 1976  | Both about the same illegal cross-country race.
Victory at Entebbe | 1976  | Raid on Entebbe | 1977  | Also Operation Thunderbolt (1977). All are based on the real-life Operation Entebbe, in which Israeli hostages from a hijacked airplane were freed on July 4, 1976.
Brink's: The Great Robbery | 1976  | The Brink's Job | 1978  | Both films are based on the Brink's robbery of 1950 in Boston, where almost 3 million dollars was stolen.
The Last Remake of Beau Geste | 1977  | March or Die | 1977  | Two films about the French Foreign Legion.
Corvette Summer | 1978  | Stingray | 1978  | Both are action comedies about a Chevrolet Corvette.
The Warriors | 1979  | The Wanderers | 1979  | Both are about gang wars between New York teenage street gangs of various ethnicities.
Nosferatu the Vampyre | 1979  | Dracula | 1979  | Also Love At First Bite (1979). All are based on Bram Stoker's novel Dracula.
The Amityville Horror | 1979  | The Shining | 1980  | Both are supernatural horror films about a family moving into a building where a previous family of tenants has been murdered, in which the father gets possessed by the previous murderer, ultimately attacking his family with an axe.
Border Cop | 1979  | Borderline | 1980  | Also The Border (1982); all involve border patrol or immigration enforcement agents who have dangerous encounters with criminals.
Sphinx | 1981  | Raiders of the Lost Ark | 1981  | Adventure films about archaeologists in Egypt. John Rhys-Davies and Vic Tablian have roles in both films.
The Last Chase | 1981  | Firebird 2015 AD | 1981  | Both films which take place in a future where the American government has banned private automobiles.
Roar | 1981  | Savage Harvest | 1981  | Both films feature American families being attacked by lions in Africa.
The Howling | 1981  | Wolfen | 1981  | Also An American Werewolf in London (1981); all either involve werewolves or supernatural wolf-like creatures.
Porky's | 1981  | The Last American Virgin | 1982  | Also Screwballs and Losin' It (both 1983); all are sex comedies depicting a group of young male friends trying to lose their respective virginities or perform another sexually related mission.
The Killing of Angel Street | 1981  | Heatwave | 1982  | Both were loosely based on the disappearance of Australian anti-development activist Juanita Nielsen.[27][28]
Reds | 1981  | Red Bells | 1982  | Also Red Bells II (1983). Films about journalist John Reed (1887–1920).
Some Kind of Hero | 1982  | First Blood | 1982  | Also Ruckus (1980). Films feature a Vietnam veteran who returns home who then has trouble adjusting to civilian life.
The Pirate Movie | 1982  | The Pirates of Penzance | 1983  | Both are adaptations of the Gilbert and Sullivan operetta The Pirates of Penzance.
Carmen | 1983  | Carmen | 1984  | Also First Name: Carmen (1983). All are inspired by Georges Bizet's opera Carmen.
Octopussy | 1983  | Never Say Never Again | 1983  | Both films feature slightly older-than-usual versions of the fictional super-spy, James Bond, as played by actors who had played him in multiple past Bond films (Roger Moore and Sean Connery respectively).
Wild Style | 1983  | Beat Street | 1984  | Both are well-received old-school hip hop films, focusing on all four pillars of hip hop culture.[29][30] See also 1983 documentary, Style Wars, focusing on graffiti and to a lesser extent breakdancing; 1984 film Breakin' focused largely on breakdancing; 1985's Krush Groove, a fictionalized retelling of the founding of Def Jam, focused more on and rap music. Many overlapping performers appear in the films, such as the Rock Steady Crew in Wild Style, Style Wars, and Beat Street.
The Day After | 1983  | Threads | 1984  | Also Testament (1983) and One Night Stand (1984); all are about the run-up and aftermath of a nuclear attack.
Country | 1984  | The River | 1984  | Also Places in the Heart (1984); all are about the difficulties faced by family farms.
Dreamscape | 1984  | A Nightmare On Elm Street | 1984  | Both are about people entering the dreams of others and being able to kill them in real life by killing them in their dreams.
Gremlins | 1984  | Ghoulies | 1985  | Also Critters (1986). All involve small destructive, evil creatures.
Rambo: First Blood Part II | 1985  | Commando | 1985  | Also Missing in Action (1984). All are one-man army action films.
The Return of the Living Dead | 1985  | Day of the Dead | 1985  | Both are zombie movies, released almost simultaneously, and arising from the collaboration between John Russo and George A. Romero on Night of the Living Dead.
Explorers | 1985  | Flight of the Navigator | 1986  | Both are films about a child who builds and flies a spacecraft.
Weird Science | 1985  | Real Genius | 1985  | Also My Science Project (1985). All feature teens dabbling in mad science and winding up in over their heads.
Back to the Future | 1985  | Peggy Sue Got Married | 1986  | Both feature protagonists who go back in time and meet high school versions of their family members, played by the same actors.
Fright Night | 1985  | Vamp | 1986  | Also The Lost Boys and Near Dark (1987); all are vampire films involving teenage characters.
Into the Night | 1985  | After Hours | 1985  | Also Something Wild (1986); all are comedies about men whose encounter with a mysterious woman leads them to trouble.
Top Gun | 1986  | Iron Eagle | 1986  | Both are films about fighter pilots.
GoBots: Battle of the Rock Lords | 1986  | The Transformers: The Movie | 1986  | Both are animated feature films derived from TV cartoons based on toy lines about transforming robots.
The Vindicator | 1986  | RoboCop | 1987  | Both are about an innocent man who is left mutilated and near-dead by villains, is reconstructed into a cyborg by a special-weapons company, and seeks revenge on the people responsible for his fate.
Platoon | 1986  | Full Metal Jacket | 1987  | Also Hamburger Hill (1987). All are bleak, violent and un-glamorized depictions of the Vietnam War.[31]
Gothic | 1986  | Haunted Summer | 1988  | Also Rowing with the Wind (1988). All are set in 1816 when Lord Byron, Mary Shelley, Percy Shelley and John William Polidori spend a summer in the isolated Villa Diodati by Lake Geneva.
Link | 1986  | Monkey Shines | 1988  | Both are horror films with primates as the antagonist.
The Secret of My Succe$s | 1987  | Working Girl | 1988  | Both are about people starting new lower-level jobs in New York City, pretending to be executives, coming up with great ideas regarding takeovers, and getting the girl/guy that was "out of their league".
Like Father, Like Son | 1987  | Big | 1988  | Also Vice Versa, 18 Again!, 14 Going on 30 (1988) and Dream a Little Dream (1989); all portray boys who transform into, or who switch bodies with, adult men.
Buster | 1988  | Prisoner of Rio | 1988  | The fate of British train robbers from 1963.
Dangerous Liaisons | 1988  | Valmont | 1989  | Both are adaptations of the novel Les Liaisons Dangereuses.
K-9 | 1989  | Turner & Hooch | 1989  | Both are buddy cop-dog films about a police officer who gets a dog for a partner.
DeepStar Six | 1989  | Leviathan | 1989  | Also The Abyss, The Evil Below, Lords of the Deep (1989) and The Rift (1990); all are underwater thrillers involving explorers discovering strange new (and in most of the movies hostile) creatures in the ocean.
Goldeneye: The Secret Life of Ian Fleming | 1989  | Spymaker: The Secret Life of Ian Fleming | 1990  | Both are biopics of James Bond creator Ian Fleming.
The Forbidden Dance | 1990  | Lambada | 1990  | Both are films that center around the dance the Lambada.
Manta, Manta | 1991  | Manta – Der Film [de] | 1991  | Both are based on Manta jokes.
Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves | 1991  | Robin Hood | 1991  | Both are based on the legend of Robin Hood.
The Super | 1991  | Life Stinks | 1991  | Both are about ruthless upper-class white men who are forced to live in an urban slum.
Mobsters | 1991  | Bugsy | 1991  | Both crime films are about Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel, Charles "Lucky" Luciano, Meyer Lansky, Frank Costello. Luciano also appears in Billy Bathgate (1991).
December Bride | 1991  | The Playboys | 1992  | Both films tell of a young Irish woman in a small rural community who decides to have a child out of wedlock.
The Hard Way | 1991  | Into the Sun | 1992  | Both films are about a movie star going through dangerous adventures while gathering material for a role.
1492: Conquest of Paradise | 1992  | Christopher Columbus: The Discovery | 1992  | Both are about Christopher Columbus and his discovery of the Americas in 1492.
Fear of a Black Hat | 1993  | CB4 | 1993  | Both parody hip hop, with a particular focus on rap group N.W.A; Fear of a Black Hat is a mockumentary.[29] Both films feature actors Deezer D, Lance Crouther, and LaVerne Anderson; Kimberly Hardin cast both pictures.
Mad Dog and Glory | 1993  | Indecent Proposal | 1993  | Also Honeymoon in Vegas (1992). Both films involve a man buying a woman who is not a prostitute for a short period of time and a large amount of money.
Hard Target | 1993  | Surviving the Game | 1994  | Both are modern-day action-adventure thrillers that are heavily inspired by The Most Dangerous Game.
Tombstone | 1993  | Wyatt Earp | 1994  | Both are Wyatt Earp biopics.
Rookie of the Year | 1993  | Little Big League | 1994  | Both are films in which a 12-year-old boy becomes involved in Major League Baseball.
Kalifornia | 1993  | Natural Born Killers | 1994  | Also 1993 mini-series Murder in the Heartland. All are road movies about a couple engaging in multi-state killing sprees and all directly or loosely based on real murderer Charles Starkweather. Both films have Juliette Lewis as a main character.
Three of Hearts | 1993  | Threesome | 1994  | Both films involve a love triangle between a heterosexual, a homosexual and a bisexual. Each film also stars one of the Baldwin brothers and a series-regular actress from the television show Twin Peaks.
Terminal Velocity | 1994  | Drop Zone | 1994  | Both are action films that involve skydiving.
Time Chasers | 1994  | Timecop | 1994  | Both are science fiction films with the themes of time traveling that involved the protagonist trying to prevent the course of time being altered for the antagonists' personal gain.
The Air Up There | 1994  | The Scout | 1994  | Both films are about a desperate American scout who thinks he found an extraordinary talent in an unlikely foreign locale, but bringing the player to stardom has unthought-of difficulties and the scout learns life lessons from the player he is supposed to be developing.
Camp Nowhere | 1994  | Heavyweights | 1995  | Both films take place at summer camp and include a preteen protagonist who is initially reluctant to go. (Both films were also released by Disney's Buena Vista Pictures.)
The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert | 1994  | To Wong Foo, Thanks for Everything! Julie Newmar | 1995  | Both have the plot of drag queens going on a road trip across their country (in one case Australia, in the other, the United States), in a journey of self-discovery.
Street Fighter | 1994  | Mortal Kombat | 1995  | Also Double Dragon (1994). All are martial arts action adventure films based on one-to-one fighting video game franchises.
Braveheart | 1995  | Rob Roy | 1995  | Also The Bruce (1996); all are adventure/war biopics set in Scotland.[10]
Gordy | 1994  | Babe | 1995  | Both are family films starring piglets.[10]
A Kid in King Arthur's Court | 1995  | Kids of the Round Table | 1995  | Both involve a modern American boy who encounters characters from Arthurian legend, leading the boy to experience adventure and an increase in self-confidence.
Showgirls | 1995  | Striptease | 1996  | Both are erotic drama films centered around a lead character involved in the stripper profession.[32]
Powder | 1995  | Phenomenon | 1996  | Both tell the story of a man with telepathic powers that make him an outcast in a small town. (Both films were also released by Disney's Buena Vista Pictures.)
The Craft | 1996  | Little Witches | 1996  | Both are films about young teenage outcasts becoming witches.
Emma | 1996  | Emma | 1996  | Also Clueless (1995). All are based on the Jane Austen novel Emma, however Clueless takes place in modern-day Beverly Hills.
Executive Decision | 1996  | Air Force One | 1997  | Both are films about terrorists hijacking a plane and a rescue team saving the passengers and defeating the terrorists. Con Air (1997) also has a similar concept, though involving convicts.
Dante's Peak | 1997  | Volcano | 1997  | Both are disaster films centered around volcanic eruptions.[9][10]

Also television film Volcano: Fire on the Mountain (1997) with a similar theme to Dante's Peak.

The Jackal | 1997  | The Assignment | 1997  | Both are action thrillers dealing with assassins called Jackal; The Assignment's is based on Venezuelan terrorist operative Carlos the Jackal.
Kundun | 1997  | Seven Years in Tibet | 1997  | Both are fact-based dramas set in mid-20th century Tibet, with the 14th Dalai Lama as a main character.[10]
Murder at 1600 | 1997  | Absolute Power | 1997  | Both films center around a Washington, D.C. murder investigation involving the President/at the White House.[33][34]
The House of Yes | 1997  | The Myth of Fingerprints | 1997  | Also The Ice Storm. All three films center around dysfunctional families gathering for Thanksgiving.
Prefontaine | 1997  | Without Limits | 1998  | Both are biographical sports films about distance runner Steve Prefontaine.
Jack Frost | 1997  | Jack Frost | 1998  | Both films have the same title and each is about a man killed in a vehicle crash who is subsequently reanimated as a living snowman. They differ in that the 1997 movie is a slasher film, while the 1998 film is family-friendly.
Antz | 1998  | A Bug's Life | 1998  | Both are computer-animated films about insects, starring a non-conformist ant who falls in love with an ant princess, leaves the mound, and eventually returns and is hailed as a hero.[10]
Deep Impact | 1998  | Armageddon | 1998  | Also Doomsday Rock (1997), Asteroid (1997), Judgment Day (1999), and Tycus (1998). All are global catastrophic risk disaster films centered around an impending impact event that threatens to end most or all life on Earth.[9][10]
Saving Private Ryan | 1998  | The Thin Red Line | 1998  | Both are prestige dramas about World War II.[10]
Sliding Doors | 1998  | Run Lola Run | 1998  | Both films tell the same story of a woman multiple times, changing a minor detail at the beginning and depicting how that change drastically affects the outcome.[35]
Dead Man on Campus | 1998  | The Curve | 1998  | Both films involve college students attempting to utilize pass by catastrophe.
54 | 1998  | Last Days of Disco | 1998  | Both films are set again the backdrop of the waning disco era of the late 1970s.[36]
The Truman Show | 1998  | EDtv | 1999  | Both are films in which a man's life is a 24-hour-a-day TV show.[10]
Tale of the Mummy | 1998  | The Mummy | 1999  | Both are about mummies coming back to life and killing people.
Dark City | 1998  | The Matrix | 1999  | Also The Thirteenth Floor and eXistenZ (1999);[10] all are science fiction films involving the theme of whether the world is real or an illusion. All except for Dark City involve virtual reality in a computer system.
Anywhere But Here | 1999  | Tumbleweeds | 1999  | Both films concern a mother-daughter pair who drive across the country to settle in California.[37]
Entrapment | 1999  | The Thomas Crown Affair | 1999  | Both are caper films focused on the relationship between an attractive female insurance investigator and a male thief who steals an expensive painting by a famous artist.[10] (Coincidentally, the male lead in both films is also played by an actor who has portrayed James Bond.)
The Sixth Sense | 1999  | Stir of Echoes | 1999  | Both are supernatural horror films with a man and his relatives, experiencing a series of frightening visions and having the ability to interact with ghosts.
End of Days | 1999  | Stigmata | 1999  | Also Lost Souls (2000); all are supernatural religious horror films involving the Catholic Church. Both End of Days and Stigmata star Gabriel Byrne as a main character. Both End of Days and Lost Souls involve the theme of Satan taking possession of a man's body.[10]
The Haunting | 1999  | House on Haunted Hill | 1999  | Both are horror films in which a group of strangers are brought under false pretenses to spend a night in a haunted house. Both based on original works from 1959 with similar names, the novel The Haunting of Hill House and the film House on Haunted Hill, respectively.
10 Things I Hate About You | 1999  | Hamlet | 2000  | Also O (2001). All are modern-day adaptations of William Shakespeare plays, featuring Julia Stiles as the female lead.[38]
Bicentennial Man | 1999  | A.I. Artificial Intelligence | 2001  | Both are science fiction films dealing with the theme of humanoid robots seeking to experience emotion and be human. Both are also adapted from works of prominent sci-fi authors; Isaac Asimov and Brian Aldiss respectively.
The Road to El Dorado | 2000  | The Emperor's New Groove | 2000  | Both are animated buddy comedy films set in what is now Latin America.
Scary Movie | 2000  | Shriek If You Know What I Did Last Friday the Thirteenth | 2000  | Both are horror movie spoofs featuring a killer wearing a Ghostface mask; Scary Movie additionally had the working title Scream If You Know What I Did Last Halloween.[10]
Mission to Mars | 2000  | Red Planet | 2000  | Both are science fiction adventure films about expeditions to Mars.[39][10]
Wonder Boys | 2000  | Finding Forrester | 2000  | Both are films involving a writer and his friendship with a student.[10]
The Score | 2001  | Heist | 2001  | Both are crime thriller films involving a major robbery.[10]
Autumn In New York | 2000  | Sweet November | 2001  | Both films center on free-spirited young women who are diagnosed with terminal illnesses set against the fall backdrop.
Joe Dirt | 2001  | Run Ronnie Run! | 2002  | Both are crude humor stories about lovable-ish rednecks. There are jokes that are nearly identical in each movie. However, Run Ronnie Run! is based on a Mr. Show with Bob and David character that first appeared in 1995.
Stealing Harvard | 2002  | Orange County | 2002  | Both are comedy films about someone resorting to drastic measures in order to obtain acceptance to, or tuition for, a prestigious college.
Liberty Stands Still | 2002  | Phone Booth | 2002  | Both movies revolve around people who answer a ringing phone in a public place and are held hostage there by a sniper who has an agenda.
Freddy vs. Jason | 2003  | Alien vs. Predator | 2004  | Both feature horror icons from the 1980s fighting against each other, while humans end up in the crossfire.
Biker Boy | 2003  | Torque | 2004  | Both are action films about motorcycle gangs and street racing.
Chasing Liberty | 2004  | First Daughter | 2004  | Both are romantic comedy films about the rebellious daughter of the President of the United States.[11]
The Cave | 2005  | The Descent | 2005  | Both are horror films in which people encounter deadly creatures in a cave system.[10]
Red Eye | 2005  | Flightplan | 2005  | Both are thriller films set on airplanes.[10]
War of the Worlds | 2005  | H. G. Wells' The War of the Worlds | 2005  | Both are adaptations of H. G. Wells' The War of the Worlds.
Sky High | 2005  | Zoom | 2006  | Both are about kids training to become superheroes.
Madagascar | 2005  | The Wild | 2006  | Both are computer-animated films involving similar animal characters from New York's Central Park Zoo being introduced to the wild. See The Wild#Comparisons to Madagascar.
Capote | 2005  | Infamous | 2006  | Both are drama films about Truman Capote and the writing of In Cold Blood.[9][10] The confluence of the two films led to an incident in 2003 when Infamous writer-director Douglas McGrath called producer Bingham Ray to announce that his script had been finished, and Ray responded "I know, I've got it on my desk!" before realizing that he actually had the screenplay to Capote.[9]
Beowulf & Grendel | 2005  | Beowulf | 2007  | Both are fantasy adventure films based on the Old English epic poem Beowulf.
Zzyzx | 2006  | Zyzzyx Road | 2006  | Both are thrillers about people trying to hide a dead body on Zzyzx Road in California.[40]
United 93 | 2006  | Flight 93 | 2006  | Both are dramas about United Airlines Flight 93.[10]
The Prestige | 2006  | The Illusionist | 2006  | Both are films about 19th-century magicians.[10]
Over The Hedge | 2006  | Open Season | 2006  | Both are computer-animated films about wild animals who are at war with humans.
Happy Feet | 2006  | Surf's Up | 2007  | Both are computer-animated comedy films about penguins.[41][32]
The Zodiac | 2005  | Zodiac | 2007  | Also Curse of the Zodiac (2007);[42] All are films based on the story of the Zodiac Killer.
An American Crime | 2007  | The Girl Next Door | 2007  | Both are based on the torture and murder of Sylvia Likens.
Knocked Up | 2007  | Juno | 2007  | Also Waitress (2007). All feature a young female protagonist facing an unexpected pregnancy.
27 Dresses | 2008  | Made of Honor | 2008  | Both are romantic comedies centering on weddings and loyal friends taking part as bridesmaids.
Coco Chanel | 2008  | Coco Before Chanel | 2009  | Also Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky (2009). All are related to French fashion designer Coco Chanel.
Eagle Eye | 2008  | Echelon Conspiracy | 2009  | Both center around a government AI supercomputer that is tasked with protecting the US through ubiquitous surveillance and endless access to nearly all technology, which becomes too autonomous and powerful.[43]
Beast Stalker | 2008  | Connected | 2008  | Both are crime dramas containing the theme of kidnapping involving a single mother, her child and a police officer - both also star Nick Cheung.
Repo! The Genetic Opera | 2008  | Repo Men | 2010  | Set in a dystopian future, both films are about one or more corporate-employed "repo men" who fatally repossess artificial organs when patients default on their payments.[44]
Observe and Report | 2009  | Paul Blart: Mall Cop | 2009  | Both are comedy films about an overweight mall cop.[2]
Gamer | 2009  | Surrogates | 2009  | Also Avatar (2009); all are science fiction films in which people control physical remotely-operated bodies.[2][45][46]
Knowing | 2009  | 2012 | 2009  | Both are science fiction disaster films about the end of the world.
The Road | 2009  | The Book of Eli | 2010  | Both films are set in a post-apocalyptic world, where the main characters try to survive by travelling.
Armored | 2009  | Takers | 2010  | Both are stylized, action-crime robbery thrillers. Matt Dillon stars in both films.
The A-Team | 2010  | The Losers | 2010  | Both are fast-paced action films about dishonored military operatives seeking redemption and revenge after being betrayed on a secret mission. In addition, both are based on pre-existing series from other mediums (one is based on a television show and the other a comic book).
Despicable Me | 2010  | Megamind | 2010  | Both are computer-animated films featuring a stereotypical supervillain as the protagonist.[47]
Ip Man 2 | 2010  | The Legend Is Born: Ip Man | 2010  | Both are Hong Kong films depicting the life of Ip Man
Skyline | 2010  | Battle: Los Angeles | 2011  | Both are alien invasion movies that primarily take place in Los Angeles. Sony Pictures, the studio of Battle, initiated legal action against the directors and special effects gurus of Skyline for allegedly ripping off ideas and equipment for their similar film. Sony later dismissed their arbitration, stating they were satisfied their own special effects were not used in Skyline.[48]
Centurion | 2010  | The Eagle | 2011  | Both are historical action films about the disappearance of the Roman Empire's Ninth Legion.
The Bounty Hunter | 2010  | One for the Money | 2012  | Both are films about a bounty hunter and going after a former love interest.[citation needed]
No Strings Attached | 2011  | Friends with Benefits | 2011  | Both are romantic comedies about a pair of friends who have a casual, non-romantic sexual relationship and eventually fall in love. No Strings Attached had the working title Friends with Benefits, but had to be renamed due to a conflict with the other film.[49]
Yann Samuell's War of the Buttons | 2011  | Christophe Barratier's War of the Buttons | 2011  | Both are French film adaptations of the 1912 novel War of the Buttons, released a week apart from one another, though the first was set in the Algerian War while the second was set in World War II.[50]
The Raid | 2011  | Dredd | 2012  | Both films deal with a law enforcement officer infiltrating a tall residential building in pursuit of a crime lord, wherein the crime lord attempts to turn the residents against the officer.[51]
Extraterrestrial | 2011  | Seeking a Friend for the End of the World | 2012  | Also 4:44 Last Day on Earth (2011) and Melancholia (2011). All are apocalyptic science fiction films.[52][53]
Quartet | 2012  | A Late Quartet | 2012  | Both are about the members of a classical music quartet facing old age.[54]
The Girl | 2012  | Hitchcock | 2012  | Both are Alfred Hitchcock biopics.
Mirror Mirror | 2012  | Snow White and the Huntsman | 2012  | Both are loose adaptations of the fairy tale Snow White. Also the Spanish 2012 film Blancanieves adapts Snow White, using black-and-white silent cinematography like the 2012 French film The Artist.[55]
Zero Dark Thirty | 2012  | Seal Team Six: The Raid on Osama Bin Laden | 2012  | Both films are about the assassination of Osama bin Laden.
Upside Down | 2012  | Patema Inverted | 2013  | Both are a romance between characters of twin worlds, each with gravity opposite to the other.[56]
The Other Son | 2012  | Like Father, Like Son | 2013  | Both films revolve around two young men who were switched at birth and raised by families from contrasting socioeconomic strata.[57]
A Hijacking | 2012  | Captain Phillips | 2013  | Both are about a pirate attack on a cargo ship off the coast of Somalia.[58]
Ip Man: The Final Fight | 2013  | The Grandmaster | 2013  | Both are Hong Kong produced martial arts drama films about the life of Ip Man, intending to cash in on the successes of the Ip Man franchise.
Olympus Has Fallen | 2013  | White House Down | 2013  | Both are action films about terrorist attacks on the White House.[59]
Oblivion | 2013  | After Earth | 2013  | Both films include a protagonist who must fight for survival on a post-apocalyptic Earth.[60]
This Is the End | 2013  | The World's End | 2013  | Also Rapture-Palooza (2013); all are apocalyptic comedy films.[61]
The Double | 2013  | Enemy | 2013  | Both are about a man who finds his physical doppelgänger in a seemingly totalitarian state.[62]
The Machine | 2013  | Automata | 2014  | Also Her (2013), Ex Machina (2014), Transcendence (2014), Chappie (2015), and Uncanny (2015).[2] All are science fiction films involving robots and/or artificial intelligence.
Yves Saint Laurent | 2014  | Saint Laurent | 2014  | Both are Yves Saint Laurent biopics.[59]
Hercules | 2014  | The Legend of Hercules | 2014  | Also Hercules Reborn (2014).[2] All are about Hercules.
The Equalizer | 2014  | John Wick | 2014  | Both films involve a highly trained protagonist who seeks vengeance through killing.[63]
Life After Beth | 2014  | Burying the Ex | 2014  | Also Warm Bodies (2013). All three are romantic comedies involving zombies.[64][65]
This Is Where I Leave You | 2014  | August: Osage County | 2014  | Both movies involve dysfunctional families reuniting after the death of the patriarch.
Unfriended | 2014  | Friend Request | 2016  | Both are horror films with plots centered around social media.
Labyrinth of Lies | 2014  | The People vs. Fritz Bauer | 2015  | Also Die Akte General [de] (2016). All are films depicting the effort which led to the Frankfurt Auschwitz trials by a group of prosecutors headed by Fritz Bauer.
Moonwalkers | 2015  | Operation Avalanche | 2016  | Both are films based on Moon landing conspiracy theories.[66]
The Beauty Inside | 2015  | Every Day | 2018  | Both are a romance between a woman and a spirit who wakes up every day in a different body.[67][68]
Marguerite | 2015  | Florence Foster Jenkins | 2016  | Both films are based on Florence Foster Jenkins' life.[69]
The Martian | 2015  | Approaching the Unknown | 2016  | Also Forsaken (2018). Both are about a man who is stranded in space on a mission to Mars and has to figure out a way to survive.[70]
Spectre | 2015  | Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation | 2015  | Both films feature the protagonists chasing after secret criminal organisations through Austria, Morocco and London while their intelligence agencies are shutting down.[71][72] Paramount had to advance the release date of Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation to avoid conflicting with Spectre.[73]
Coming Through the Rye | 2015  | Rebel in the Rye | 2017  | Both are films about J. D. Salinger.[74]
Other People | 2016  | The Hollars | 2016  | Both are about a male writer living in New York City who returns to his hometown for his mother dying of cancer.[75][76]
Southside with You | 2016  | Barry | 2016  | Both are films about a young Barack Obama, as well as a love interest.
Christine | 2016  | Kate Plays Christine | 2016  | Both are films about Christine Chubbuck, though Kate Plays Christine is a documentary about the acting process.[77]
Captain Fantastic | 2016  | The Glass Castle | 2017  | Both are about a large family who lives secluded from the civilized world and deal with its moral ramifications.[78]
Anthropoid | 2016  | The Man with the Iron Heart | 2017  | Both films are about Operation Anthropoid, the assassination of SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich.[79]
The Jungle Book | 2016  | Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle | 2018  | Both are live-action, CGI-heavy adaptations of Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book, though the 2016 film is a remake of the 1967 animated musical film.[80]
Earthquake | 2016  | Spitak | 2018  | Both films are about the 1988 Armenian earthquake.
Churchill | 2017  | Darkest Hour | 2017  | Both are films about Winston Churchill. Also, the TV film Churchill's Secret (2016) is about Winston Churchill.
Dunkirk | 2017  | Darkest Hour | 2017  | Both films are about planning of the evacuation of Dunkirk.[citation needed]
The Age of Pioneers | 2017  | Salyut 7 | 2017  | Both Russian films are based on facts and feature Soviet cosmonauts.
Goodbye Christopher Robin | 2017  | Christopher Robin | 2018  | The former is a biopic of author A. A. Milne, focusing on his relationship with his son Christopher Robin, whose childhood inspired the world of Milne's Winnie-the-Pooh. The latter is a fantasy drama about the adult life of the Pooh character Christopher Robin in a continuation of the Disney films based on Milne's books.
Crowhurst | 2017  | The Mercy | 2018  | Both films are about Donald Crowhurst's ill-fated entry in the Sunday Times Golden Globe Race, a non-stop round-the-world sailing competition. Uniquely, these films not only have an identical subject, but were also distributed by the same studio, namely StudioCanal: according to the head of StudioCanal UK, Danny Perkins, the company bought the low-budget production Crowhurst "so we could control it".[81]
The Miseducation of Cameron Post | 2018  | Boy Erased | 2018  | The protagonists of both films are gay teenagers forced by their families to undergo conversion therapy.[82]
U – July 22 | 2018  | 22 July | 2018  | Both are dramas based on the 2011 Utøya, Norway massacre.
Sink or Swim | 2018  | Swimming with Men | 2018  | Both are about a man who is facing a midlife crisis and joins an all-male synchronised swimming team.[83]
Upgrade | 2018  | Venom | 2018  | Both are films about intelligent symbiotes, which are attached to and talk to their human host, giving the human enhanced powers and abilities, but gradually take control of the host. Respective stars Logan Marshall-Green and Tom Hardy also look alike.
Smallfoot | 2018  | Abominable | 2019  | Both are computer-animated films about abominable snowmen making first contact with humans and are both set in the Himalayas.
Puppet Master: The Littlest Reich | 2018  | The Happytime Murders | 2018  | Both are dark comedies featuring puppets.[84]
A Quiet Place | 2018  | The Silence | 2019  | Both involve the world coming under attack from creatures who hunt their human prey by sound.
Beautiful Boy | 2018  | Ben Is Back | 2018  | Both are melodramas about a family with a teenage son facing a drug addiction.[85][86]
Skate Kitchen | 2018  | Mid90s | 2018  | Both are coming of age stories about a group of skateboarding teenagers played by inexperienced actors who skateboard in real life. In both films, the primary character is the newest member of the group and has a contentious relationship with their single mother.[87][88]
RBG | 2018  | On the Basis of Sex | 2018  | A documentary and a biographical drama about Ruth Bader Ginsburg.
Won't You Be My Neighbor? | 2018  | A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood | 2019  | Both films are about Fred Rogers, although the former is a documentary while the latter is a biopic.
Widows | 2018  | The Kitchen | 2019  | Both are about the law-abiding wives of criminals who take up their husbands' criminal plans when they are gone.[89][90]
Lez Bomb | 2018  | Happiest Season | 2020  | Both films revolve around lesbians who plan to come out to their conservative families during the holidays, only to be confronted by their ex-boyfriends; Lez Bomb is set on Thanksgiving while Happiest Season takes place on Christmas.[91]
Fyre Fraud | 2019  | Fyre | 2019  | Both are documentaries about the Fyre Festival.[92]
A Dog's Journey | 2019  | The Art of Racing in the Rain | 2019  | Both are films about a dog's life in their owner's lives and are narrated and seen through the eyes of the dogs.
The Haunting of Sharon Tate | 2019  | Once Upon a Time in Hollywood | 2019  | Both are films about Sharon Tate and her murder. Although the former is a horror thriller film that dramatizes the events, the latter takes place in an alternate universe where the murder did not take place.[93]
Ip Man 4: The Finale | 2019  | Ip Man: Kung Fu Master | 2019  | Both depicts the life of Ip Man
Portrait of a Lady on Fire | 2019  | Ammonite | 2020  | Both films are set around 1800 on the coast of the English Channel and feature a forbidden lesbian relationship further complicated by class differences
The King's Letters | 2019  | Forbidden Dream | 2019  | Both are about King Sejong the Great and his patronage of scholarship.[94]
Ujda Chaman | 2019  | Bala | 2019  | Both Bollywood movies were about men facing premature baldness and hence becoming a subject of social ridicule and facing problems finding a spouse. In fact, the films released only one week apart. The striking similarity between the trailers of both the movies even led to a director filing a petition in court to stall the other's release.[95]
The Curse of La Llorona | 2019  | La Llorona | 2019  | Also The Legend of La Llorona (2022). All films are about the legend of La Llorona.[96]
Never Rarely Sometimes Always | 2020  | Unpregnant | 2020  | Both are American films about a teenage girl finding out she is pregnant and going on a road trip with her best friend to another state to get an abortion without their parents' consent.
Friend of the World | 2020  | Don't Look Up | 2021  | Both are science fiction comedy satire films influenced by Dr. Strangelove and The Twilight Zone, involving an apocalyptic event that could have been avoided if not for a corrupt official of the United States.[97][98]
Killer Spider | 2020  | Holy Spider | 2022  | Both are dramatizations of the case of Saeed Hanaei, a serial killer who targeted sex workers in Iran.[99]
The Battle at Lake Changjin | 2021  | Devotion | 2022  | Also The Battle at Lake Changjin II, the sequel of the former. Both films are set during the Battle of Chosin Reservoir at the Korean War.
Pinocchio | 2022  | Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio | 2022  | Also Pinocchio: A True Story (2022) and Pinocchio and the Water Of Life (2023). All films are based on The Adventures of Pinocchio.
Violent Night | 2022  | The Mean One | 2022  | Also Christmas Bloody Christmas (2022). All are films about a murderous Santa Claus figure.[100]
Fire of Love | 2022  | The Fire Within: A Requiem for Katia and Maurice Krafft | 2022  | Both document the life and work of volcanologist and filmmaker couple Katia and Maurice Krafft, making extensive use of their own video footage.
Elvis | 2022  | Priscilla | 2023  | Both are films about or revolves around Elvis Presley
The Covenant | 2023  | Kandahar | 2023  | Also Warhorse One. All films deal in Afghanistan, ruled by Taliban.
The Great Escaper | 2023  | The Last Rifleman | 2023  | Based on the true story of Bernard Jordan, both are films about an elderly World War II veteran who escapes his nursing home in order to attend a milestone anniversary commemorations of the Normandy landings in France.[101]
Reality | 2023  | Winner | 2024  | Both are films about American whistleblower Reality Winner.
Godzilla Minus One | 2023  | Godzilla x Kong: The New Empire | 2024  | Japanese and American Godzilla films.

## Other meanings[edit]

### One story from two perspectives[edit]

The term "twin films" has also been used for films produced by the same production company with the purpose of telling the same story from two different points of view:

* Anatomy of a Marriage: My Days with Françoise (1964) and Anatomy of a Marriage: My Days with Jean-Marc (1964) use the same cast to tell the same story from two different points of view.[102]
* The World War II films Flags of Our Fathers (2006) and Letters from Iwo Jima (2006) are about the Battle of Iwo Jima, told from the perspective of United States Marines and Japanese soldiers.[103][104]

### Multiple-language films[edit]

The term "twin films" has also been used for multiple-language versions of films:

* Raavan (2010) and Raavanan (2010) use similar casts filming the scenes in both Hindi and Tamil.[105]

## See also[edit]

* Barbenheimer

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