Typology (anthropology)

Typology in anthropology was the categorization of the human species by races, based solely on traits that are readily observable from a distance such as head shape, skin color, hair form, body build, and stature. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, anthropologists used a typological model to divide people from different ethnic regions into races, (e.g. the Negroid race, the Caucasoid race, the Mongoloid race, the Australoid race, and the Capoid race which was the racial classification system as defined in 1962 by Carleton S. Coon).[1]

The typological model was built on the assumption that humans can be assigned to a race based on similar physical traits. However, author Dennis O'Neil says the typological model in anthropology is now thoroughly discredited.[2] Current mainstream thinking is that the morphological traits are due to simple variations in specific regions, and are the effect of climatic selective pressures.[3] This debate is covered in more detail in the article on race.

## See also

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* Racial Mapping
* Craniometry
* Craniofacial anthropometry

## Notes

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1. ^ Coon, Carleton S. The Origin of Races (1962)
2. ^ O'Neil, Dennis. Palomar College. "Biological Anthropology Terms." 2006. May 13, 2007. [1]
3. ^ Modern Human Variation: Models of Classification

## References

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* Brown, Ryan A and Armelagos, George, "Apportionment of Racial Diversity: A Review" Evolutionary Anthropology 10:34–40 2001 [2]

* v
* t
* e

Obsolete definitions of race

* Racism
* Scientific racism
* Pseudoscience

Color terminology|

* Black
* Bronze
* Brown
* Olive
* Red
* White

Concepts|

* Australoid
* Capoid
* Caucasoid
* Alpine
* Arabid
* Armenoid
* Aryan
* Atlantid
* Caspian
* Dinaric
* East Baltic
* Ethiopid
* Hamites
* Indid
* Iranid
* Mediterranean
* Nordic
* Semites
* Turanid
* Malay
* Mongoloid
* Proto-Mongoloid
* Sinodonty and Sundadonty
* Negroid
* Negrito

Sociological|

* in India
* Passing
* Racial discrimination
* Racism
* Racial stereotypes
* Colorism
* Master race
* Nazism and race
* Racial hygiene
* Whiteness studies
* Négritude

Writers|

* Louis Agassiz
* John Baker
* Erwin Baur
* John Beddoe
* Robert Bennett Bean
* François Bernier
* Renato Biasutti
* Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
* Franz Boas
* Daniel Garrison Brinton
* Paul Broca
* Alice Mossie Brues
* Halfdan Bryn
* Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
* Charles Caldwell
* Petrus Camper
* Samuel A. Cartwright
* Houston Stewart Chamberlain
* Sonia Mary Cole
* Carleton S. Coon
* Georges Cuvier
* Jan Czekanowski
* Charles Davenport
* Joseph Deniker
* Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt
* Anténor Firmin
* Eugen Fischer
* Francis Galton
* Stanley Marion Garn
* Reginald Ruggles Gates
* George Gliddon
* Arthur de Gobineau
* Madison Grant
* John Grattan
* Hans F. K. Günther
* Ernst Haeckel
* Frederick Ludwig Hoffman
* Earnest Hooton
* Julian Huxley
* Thomas Henry Huxley
* Calvin Ira Kephart
* Robert Knox
* Robert E. Kuttner
* Georges Vacher de Lapouge
* Fritz Lenz
* Carl Linnaeus
* Cesare Lombroso
* Bertil Lundman
* Felix von Luschan
* Dominick McCausland
* John Mitchell
* Ashley Montagu
* Lewis H. Morgan
* Samuel George Morton
* Josiah C. Nott
* Karl Pearson
* Roger Pearson
* Oscar Peschel
* Isaac La Peyrère
* Charles Pickering
* Ludwig Hermann Plate
* Alfred Ploetz
* James Cowles Prichard
* Otto Reche
* Gustaf Retzius
* William Z. Ripley
* Alfred Rosenberg
* Benjamin Rush
* Henric Sanielevici
* Heinrich Schmidt
* Ilse Schwidetzky
* Charles Gabriel Seligman
* Giuseppe Sergi
* Samuel Stanhope Smith
* Herbert Spencer
* Morris Steggerda
* Lothrop Stoddard
* William Graham Sumner
* Thomas Griffith Taylor
* Paul Topinard
* John H. Van Evrie
* Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer
* Alexander Winchell
* Ludwig Woltmann

Publications|

* An Essay upon the Causes of the Different Colours of People in Different Climates (1744)
* The Outline of History of Mankind (1785)
* Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question (1849)
* An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races (1855)
* The Races of Europe (Ripley, 1899)
* The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899)
* Race Life of the Aryan Peoples (1907)
* Heredity in Relation to Eugenics (1911)
* Castes in India (1916)
* The Passing of the Great Race (1916)
* The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy (1920)
* The Myth of the Twentieth Century (1930)
* Annihilation of Caste (1936)
* An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus (1943)
* The Race Question (1950)

Related|

* Ethnogenesis
* Eugenics
* Great chain of being
* History of anthropometry
* Miscegenation
* Monogenism
* Multiracial
* Polygenism
* Pre-Adamite
* Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness

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