US Naval Base New Guinea

Major World War 2 bases in Papua New Guinea

US Naval Base New Guinea

New Guinea located in relation to Melanesia and the South Pacific

New Guinea Island

Geography
Location| Oceania (Melanesia)
Coordinates| 5°30′S 141°00′E﻿ / ﻿5.500°S 141.000°E﻿ / -5.500; 141.000

* v
* t
* e

Western New Guinea campaign

* Hollandia Raid
* Aitape
* Hollandia
* Wakde
* Lone Tree Hill
* Biak
* Noemfoor
* Driniumor
* Sansapor
* Morotai
* Aitape–Wewak
* Takenaga

* v
* t
* e

New Guinea campaign

1942

* Battle of Rabaul
* 1st Lae-Salamaua
* Coral Sea
* Kokoda Track
* Milne Bay
* Goodenough Island
* Buna–Gona
* Lilliput
* Merauke

1943

* Wau
* Bismarck Sea
* I-Go
* 2nd Lae-Salamaua
* Chronicle
* Markham-Ramu-Finisterres
* Wewak Raid
* Huon Peninsula
* New Britain
* Bombing of Rabaul

1944–45

* Neutralisation of Rabaul
* Admiralties
* Emirau
* Take Ichi
* Bombing of Hollandia
* Western New Guinea

* v
* t
* e

Campaigns of World War II

Europe

* Poland
* Polish resistance
* Phoney War
* Finland
* Winter War
* Karelia
* Lapland
* Denmark and Norway
* Western Front
* 1940
* Resistance
* 1944–1945
* Alps 1940
* 1944
* Britain
* Balkans
* Yugoslavian Partisans
* Greek resistance
* Eastern Front
* Chechnya
* Italy
* Sicily

Asia-Pacific

* China
* Pacific Ocean
* South West Pacific
* Franco-Thai War
* South-East Asia
* Burma and India
* Japan
* Manchuria and Northern Korea
* pre-war border conflicts
* Australia

Mediterranean and Middle East

* North Africa
* Libya-Egypt
* Morocco-Algeria
* Tunisia
* East Africa
* Mediterranean Sea
* Adriatic
* Malta
* Iraq
* Syria–Lebanon
* Iran
* Dodecanese
* Southern France

Other campaigns

* Americas
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* Antarctica
* Atlantic
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* French West Africa
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* Madagascar

Coups

* Uruguay
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* Iraq
* Italy
* Salvador
* Germany
* Croatia
* Romania 1944
* Bulgaria
* Hungary
* French Indochina
* Japan
* Matsue

* v
* t
* e

Pacific War

Central Pacific

* Pearl Harbor
* Marshalls–Gilberts raids
* K
* Doolittle Raid
* Midway
* Gilberts and Marshalls
* Marianas and Palau
* Volcano and Ryukyu
* Truk
* Ocean Island

Indian Ocean (1941–1945)

* Japanese merchant raids
* Andaman Islands
* Homfreyganj massacre
* Christmas Island
* 1st Indian Ocean
* Ceylon
* Bay of Bengal
* 2nd Indian Ocean

Southeast Asia

* Indochina (1940)
* Franco-Thai War
* Thailand
* Malaya
* Hong Kong
* Singapore
* Indochina (1945)
* Malacca Strait
* Vietnam
* Jurist
* Tiderace
* Zipper
* Strategic bombing (1944–45)

Burma and India

* Burma (1941–42)
* Burma (1942–43)
* Burma and India (1944)
* Burma (1944–45)

Southwest Pacific

* Dutch East Indies (1941–42)
* Philippines (1941–42)
* RY
* Solomon Islands
* Coral Sea
* Timor
* Australia
* New Guinea
* New Britain
* Philippines (1944–45)
* Borneo (1945)

North America

* Ellwood
* Aleutian Islands
* Estevan Point Lighthouse
* Fort Stevens
* Lookout Air Raids
* Fire balloon bombs
* Project Hula
* PX

Japan

* Air raids
* Tokyo
* Yokosuka
* Kure
* Hiroshima and Nagasaki
* Mariana Islands
* Volcano and Ryukyu Islands
* Starvation
* Naval bombardments
* Sagami Bay
* South Sakhalin
* Kuril Islands
* Shumshu
* Downfall
* Japanese surrender

Manchuria and Northern Korea

* Kantokuen
* Manchuria (1945)
* Mutanchiang
* Chongjin

* * *

Second Sino-Japanese War

Naval Base Milne Bay, Seabees Advance Base Construction camp on 10 October 1944 PT boat at Milne Bay, Kana Kopa Base with the USS Tulsa in 1943 Map of the 1942 American-British-Dutch-Australian Command

US Naval Base New Guinea was number of United States Navy bases on the island of New Guinea (then divided into Dutch New Guinea, the Territory of New Guinea and the Territory of Papua) during World War II. Australia entered World War II on 3 September 1939, being a self-governing nation within the British Empire. The United States formally entered the war on 7 December 1941, following the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japan quickly took over much of the South Pacific Ocean. The United States lost key naval bases in the South Pacific, including Naval Base Manila and Naval Base Subic Bay, both lost in the 1941–42 invasion of the Philippines. Also lost were Naval Base Guam and Wake Atoll. As such, the United States Armed Forces needed new bases in the South West Pacific for staging attacks on Japan's southern empire. The United States built bases first in Australia, then in New Guinea.[1][2][3]

## History

[edit]

See also: New Guinea campaign and South West Pacific theatre of World War II

With the American-British-Dutch-Australian Command (ABDACOM) the Allies tried to limit the advance of Japan. ABDACOM did not have enough troops or supplies to carry out the mission. The northern parts of New Guinea was captured by Japan.[4] [5] The US Naval built bases for troops, ships, submarines, PT boats, seaplanes, supply depots, training camps, fleet recreation facilities, and ship repair depots. To keep supplies following the bases were supplied by the vast II United States Merchant Navy. Some of the bases were shared with the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force. By spring 1943, the build up of the US Navy to support the Pacific War had caused overcrowding at the ports on the east coast of Australia. To help the US Navy Seabees departed Naval Base Brisbane on 19 June 1943 to set up a new base in Milne Bay. The Naval Base Milne Bay was a new major United States Navy sea and airbase base built on Milne Bay in Milne Bay Province in south-eastern Papua New Guinea. New Guinea is a tropical rainforest island near the equator. Troops had to battle heavy rains and tropical diseases. After the war in 1945, the New Guinea bases closed.[6][7]

Japan built a large base at Rabaul on the island of New Britain with 110,000 Japanese troops. Rabaul was invasion bypassed in the island hoping Pacific war efforts. Rabaul was attacked by air and had its supply lines cut off by sea, called Operation Cartwheel, making the neutralisation of Rabaul.[8][9][10]

## Major bases in New Guinea

[edit]

* Naval Base Milne Bay Fleet Pos Office # 167 codename Edur
* Kana Kopa PT Boat Base FPO# 714
* Milne Bay Submarine Base
* Gilli Gilli Base FPO# 717
* Swinger Bay Alotau Base FPO# 818
* Hilimoi Bay hospital FPO# 817
* Naval Base Port Moresby FPO# 162
* Naval Base Finschhafen FPO# 722 code codename Urom at Dreger Harbour
* Naval Base Hollandia FPO# 3115
* Naval Base Madang FPO# 928
* Naval Base Woodlark Island FPO# 528
* Naval Base Merauke
* Naval Base Biak Island to support Mokmer Airfield. FPO# 3505
* Naval Base Manus, in the Admiralty Islands, just north of New Guinea, including Seeadler Harbor

## Minor bases in New Guinea

[edit]

Map of New Guinea just south of Micronesia (shown in dark magenta)

* Naval Base Lae
* Naval Base Mios Woendi
* Naval Base Fegrusson on Fegrusson Island FPO # 523
* Naval Base Samarai Island on Samarai Islands FPO # 421
* Naval Base Goodenough Island on Goodenough Island FPO # 724
* Naval Base Aitape at Aitape FPO# 927
* Naval Base Wewak at Wewak FPO# 3074
* Naval Base Saidor at Saidor FPO# 3086
* Naval Base Sungum FPO# 3088
* Naval Base Japen Island on Japen Island
* Naval Base Vogelkop on Vogelkop Island
* Naval Base Cape Sansapor FPO# 3151
* Naval Base Kornasoren FPO# 3155 and Naval Base Kamirion FPO#3265 on Noemfoor Island in support of Kornasoren Airfields
* Naval Base in Tufi, PT boat base
* Naval Base at Gasmata Fleet Post Office #723
* Naval Base Wakde Island on Wakde Island in support of Wakde Airfield FPO# 3415
* Naval Base Noemfoor
* Buna, Papua New Guinea – Advanced Base, airfield, PT boat base (Battle of Buna–Gona)
* Base on Sasavele Island FPO# 529, part of the Landings on Rendova
* Base at Mohile, FPO# 806
* Naval Base Ondonga, FPO# 626, at Ondonga Airfield
* Naval Base Cape Gloucester, New Britain FPO# 721
* Naval Base Talasea at Talasea, New Britain FPO# 941
* Naval Base Hoskins at Hoskins Airport, New Britain FPO# 942
* Naval Base Rabaul at Rabaul, New Britain FPO# 3068
* Naval Base Nantambu at Nantambu, New Britain FPO# 3422
* Naval Base Green Islands at Green Islands after battle PT boat base
* Naval Base Emirau in Homestead Lagoon on Emirau Island, New Britain, PT Boat base
* Naval Base Kiriwina, at Kiriwina Island, PT boat base and support of Kiriwina Airfield
* Naval Base Rein Bay, PT boat base at 5°33′58″S 149°11′46″E﻿ / ﻿5.566°S 149.196°E﻿ / -5.566; 149.196
* Naval Base Amsterdam Island at Amsterdam Island also called Mios Su
* Fergusson Island PT Boat Base

## POWs

[edit]

Further information: Japanese war crimes

As in other theaters of war Japan's treatment of POWs and civilians was very poor. Many were exhausted from hunger and disease. Many deaths were caused by the diversion of food, such as rice, to Japanese troops from the New Guinea population. Some were turned into Japan's forced labourers, called romusha. [11][12]International Red Cross packages were not distributed to POWs.[13][14] In the New Guinea there were both massacres and executions of POWs:[15][16]

* At the Tol Plantation massacre 160 Australian were executed and at nearby Waitavalo Plantation, another group of eleven Australian prisoners were shot.[17][18][19]
* On the Japanese destroyer Akikaze on 18 March 1943 German residents from Wewak, New Guinea were executed. About thirty German residents, including German clergymen, nuns with two children were taken after Japan suspected a radio transmitter at Wewak was reporting ship movements to the Americans.[20]
* Australian POW, Sgt. Leonard Siffleet, captured in New Guinea, was beheaded in 1943.[21][22]
* Spencer Walklate an Australian Army POW and Eagleton POW were tortured and murdered on Muschu Island a Schouten Islands[23]
* The Japanese Lieutenant Hisata Tomiyasu found guilty of killing 14 Indian soldiers and of cannibalism at Wewak in 1944. A common activity in New Guinea.[24][25]

## Gallery

[edit]

* Pacific War Theater Areas map 1942

* Map of New Guinea, with place names as used in English in the 1940s

* Map New Britain Island, to the northeast of New Guinea Island

* 1943 Backhander Staging Area in New Britain and New Guinea

* Location of Naval Base Milne Bay

* Milne Bay with key locations

* MV Anshun lying on her side at Gili Gili Dock, in Milne Bay, New Guinea, 1942

* Camp Seabee Naval Base Brisbane, base building trips

* Gurney Airfield in 1944

* US Army, LLU's 47 General Hospital, Milne Bay

* Surgical ward treatment at the 268th Station Hospital, Base A, Milne Bay, Left to right, Sgt. Lawrence McKr

* Auxiliary floating drydock, ARD, built by the Pacific Bridge Company

* USS PT-105

* Milne Bay's Turnbull grave in 1943

* An Australian P-40 at Milne Bay

* An Australian Bofors 40 mm anti-aircraft gun of the 2/9th Light Anti-Aircraft Battery at Milne Bay No. 1 Airstrip

* Australian - USA camp at Milne Bay

* MV Anshun lying on her side at Gili Gili Dock, in Milne Bay, New Guinea, 1942

* USS Fulton was stationed at the Milne Bay to service submarines

* South Pacific islands in 1945

## See also

[edit]

* Naval Base Borneo
* Axis naval activity in Australian waters
* US Naval Advance Bases
* List of Royal Australian Navy bases

## External links

[edit]

* youtube, World War 2 – Defence of Australia

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Navy, corporateName=Royal Australian. "USN Submarines Based in Brisbane during World War II". www.navy.gov.au.
2. ^ "Pacific Wrecks Milne Bay". pacificwrecks.com.
3. ^ "Building the Navy's Bases, vol. 2 (part III, chapter 26)". US Navy.
4. ^ Klemen, L (1999–2000). "General Sir Archibald Percival Wavell". Dutch East Indies Campaign website.
5. ^ Roberts, Andrew (2009). Masters and Commanders: The Military Geniuses Who Led the West to Victory in World War II (1 ed.). London: Penguin Books. pp. 66–68. ISBN 978-0-141-02926-9 - via Archive Foundation.
6. ^ US Navy, Bases of World War II
7. ^ "Potshot Memorial | Monument Australia". monumentaustralia.org.au.
8. ^ The “Gibraltar of the Pacific”US Navy
9. ^ Rabaul, New BritainUS Navy
10. ^ Rabaulpacificwrecks.com
11. ^ Mizuma 2013, pp. 49–68
12. ^ Pramoedya Ananta Toer (1998, pp. 157–158) quoted in Vickers (2013, p. 85)
13. ^ Marcel Junod, International Red Cross
14. ^ Researching Japanese War Crimes January 28, 2015,  National Archives
15. ^ An account of the Japanese occupation of Banjumascornell.edu
16. ^ Japanese Occupation of the Dutch East Indies and the Colijn Sisters 7/6/2017 by Mei Mei Chun-Moy
17. ^ Wigmore 1957, pp. 668–669.
18. ^ Queensland Ex-POW Reparation Committee 1990, pp. 70–74.
19. ^ "Foreign News: Death". Time. 3 February 1947. Archived from the original on 3 February 2011. Retrieved 20 April 2013.
20. ^ "The Australian War Crimes Trials and Investigations (1942-51), p.51 by DC Sissons.
21. ^ AWM Collection Record: 101099 Archived 12 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine at Australian War Memorial. Retrieved on 25 April 2009.
22. ^ Sergeant Leonard George (Len) Siffleet: Timeline at Australian War Memorial. Retrieved on 25 April 2009.
23. ^ Spencer Walklate, tortured, murdered, lost in the mud but never forgotten, By Daniel Lanesmh.com.au
24. ^ Dark Stories of Japanese Cannibalism in World War Two By Jhemmylrut Teng, medium.com
25. ^ Papua New Guinea War Crimesapnews.com

## Sources

[edit]

* Mizuma, Masanori (2013). ひと目でわかる「アジア解放」時代の日本精神 [Japanese spirit in the "Liberation of Asia" era that can be seen at a glance] (in Japanese). PHP Institute. ISBN 978-4-569-81389-9.
* Pramoedya Ananta Toer (1998). The Mute's Soliloquy. Translated by Willem Samuels. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-028904-6.
* Queensland Ex-POW Reparation Committee (1990). Nippon Very Sorry, Many Men Must Die: Submission to the United Nations Commission of Human Rights (ECOSOC Resolution 1503). Brisbane, Queensland: Boolarong. ISBN 978-0-86439-112-4.
* Vickers, Adrian (2013). A History Modern of Indonesia (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-62445-0.
* Wigmore, Lionel (1957). The Japanese Thrust. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Vol. IV (1st ed.). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. OCLC 3134219.

* v
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Equipment|

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traditions|

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* v
* t
* e

World War II Maritime Commission ship designs

Cargo designs|

* Type C1
* Type C2
* Type C3
* Type C4
* Type C5
* (Type C6)
* (Type C7)
* (Type C8)
* (Type C9)
* Type N3

Emergency cargo|

* Liberty ship ("EC2-S-C1")
* Victory ship ("VC2-S-AP1")

Tanker|

* T1 tanker
* T2 tanker
* T3 tanker
* Liberty ship ("Z-ET1-S-C3")

Special-purpose|

* Type S2 ("Tacoma-class frigate")
* Type S3-S2-BP ("Landing Ship, Tank")
* Type S3-S2-BP1 ("Neptune-class cable layer")
* Type S4-S2-BB3 ("Casablanca-class escort carrier")
* Type S4-SE2-BD1 ("Gilliam-class attack transport")
* Type S4-SE2-BE1 ("Artemis-class attack cargo ship")
* "Crane vessel-Derrick Barge"

Miscellaneous-cargo|

* Type L6 ("Lakers")
* Type N ("Coastal Cargo")
* Type P1 ("Passenger")
* Type P2 ("Passenger")
* Type R ("Refrigerated")
* Type B ("Barge")

Tugs|

* Type V ("Tugs")

See also:- Empire ship, Fort ship, Park ship, Ocean ship.

* v
* t
* e

United States naval ship classes of World War II

Aircraft carriers|

* Lexington
* RangerS
* Yorktown
* WaspS
* Essex
* MidwayC

Light aircraft carriers|

* Independence
* SaipanC

Escort carriers|

* Long Island
* Charger
* Bogue
* Sangamon
* Casablanca
* Commencement Bay

Battleships|

* Wyoming
* New York
* Nevada
* Pennsylvania
* New Mexico
* Tennessee
* Colorado
* North Carolina
* South Dakota
* Iowa
* MontanaX

Large cruisers|

* Alaska

Heavy cruisers|

* Pensacola
* Northampton
* Portland
* New Orleans
* WichitaS
* Baltimore
* Oregon CityC
* Des MoinesC

Light cruisers|

* Omaha
* Brooklyn
* Atlanta
* Cleveland
* FargoC
* JuneauC
* WorcesterC
* CL-154X

Gunboats|

* Dubuque
* SacramentoS
* Asheville
* PlymouthS
* WilliamsburgS
* St. AugustineS
* VixenS
* Erie
* PGM-1
* PGM-9

Destroyers|

* Sampson
* Caldwell
* Wickes
* Clemson
* Farragut
* Porter
* Mahan
* Gridley
* Bagley
* Somers
* Benham
* Sims
* Benson
* StevensonX
* Gleaves
* Fletcher
* Allen M. Sumner
* Robert H. Smith
* Gearing

Destroyer escorts|

* Evarts
* Buckley
* Cannon
* Edsall
* Rudderow
* John C. Butler

Patrol frigates|

* Asheville
* Tacoma

Patrol boats|

* Action
* PT boat

Minelayers|

* OglalaS
* WassucS
* MonadnockS
* MiantonomahS
* TerrorS
* KeokukS
* SalemS
* WeehawkenS
* Camanche
* Chimo

Minesweepers|

* Lapwing
* Raven
* Auk
* EagleS
* Hawk
* Admirable

Submarines|

* O
* R
* S
* Barracuda
* ArgonautS
* Narwhal
* DolphinS
* Cachalot
* Porpoise
* Salmon
* Sargo
* Tambor
* Mackerel
* Gato
* Balao
* Tench

Tankers|

* T1 tanker
* T2 tanker
* T3 tanker

Cargo ships|

* Liberty
* Victory
* Haskell
* Andromeda
* Arcturus
* Artemis
* Tolland
* Alstede
* Aldebaran
* Adria
* Acubens
* Arctic
* Denebola
* Hyades
* Mizar

Auxiliary ships|

* Ammunition
* Floating drydock
* Repair dock
* Barracks
* Collier
* Combat stores
* Destroyer tender
* Depot
* High-speed transport
* Hospital
* Ice cream barge
* Net laying
* Motor torpedo boat tender
* Reefer
* Oiler
* Repair
* Seaplane tender
* Submarine tender
* Underway replenishment

Completed after the war

Single ship of class

Cancelled

* v
* t
* e

Naval ships and warships in 19th and 20th centuries

* Naval ship classes in service
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Aircraft carriers|

* Amphibious assault ship
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Battleships|

* Coastal defence ship
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Cruisers|

* Aircraft cruiser
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Escort|

* Aviso
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Transport|

* Amphibious transport dock
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* Attack transport
* Dock landing ship
* Landing craft
* Landing craft carrier
* Landing Craft Support
* Landing Ship Heavy
* Landing ship, infantry
* Landing Ship Logistics
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* Landing Ship, Tank
* Landing Ship Vehicle
* Troopship

Patrol craft|

* Armed boarding steamer
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* Corvette
* Gunboat
* Harbour defence motor launch
* Motor launch
* Naval drifter
* Naval trawler
* Ocean boarding vessel
* Patrol boat
* Q-ship
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* Submarine chaser
* Torpedo boat

Fast attack craft|

* E-boat
* MAS
* MGB
* Missile boat
* MTB
* MTM
* MTSM
* PT boat
* Shin'yō

Mine warfare|

* Danlayer
* Destroyer minesweeper
* Mine countermeasures vessel
* Mine planter
* Minehunter
* Minelayer
* Minesweeper

Command and support|

* Amenities ship
* Ammunition ship
* Auxiliary repair dock
* Auxiliary ship
* Collier
* Combat stores ship
* Command ship
* Crane vessel
* Depot ship
* Destroyer tender
* Dispatch boat
* Fast combat support ship
* General stores issue ship
* Hospital ship
* Joint support ship
* Naval tugboat
* Net laying ship
* Repair ship
* Replenishment oiler
* Submarine tender

Submarines|

* Attack submarine
* Ballistic missile submarine
* Coastal submarine
* Cruise missile submarine
* Cruiser submarine
* Deep-submergence vehicle
* DSRV
* Fleet submarine
* Human torpedo
* Midget submarine
* Submarine aircraft carrier
* U-boat
* Wet sub

Miscellaneous|

* Armed merchantman
* Arsenal ship
* Barracks ship
* Breastwork monitor
* Capital ship
* Drone carrier
* Flagship
* Floating battery
* Guard ship
* Littoral combat ship
* Monitor
* Mother ship
* River monitor
* Training ship

Related|

* Ship types
* Sailing vessels

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United States in World War II

Home front|

* American music during World War II
* United States aircraft production during World War II
* Arizona during World War II
* Nevada during World War II
* New Mexico during World War II
* G.I. Generation
* Schools at War
* Internment of German Americans
* Internment of Italian Americans
* Internment of Japanese Americans

| American women|

* Women Airforce Service Pilots
* Women's Army Corps
* Woman's Land Army of America
* Rosie the Riveter

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Minorities|

* Hispanic Americans in World War II
* Native Americans and World War II
* Puerto Ricans in World War II

Military participation|

* Army (Uniforms)
* Army Air Force
* Marine Corps
* Navy
* Service medals (Medal of Honor recipients)

| Events|

* List of battles
* Attack on Pearl Harbor
* Normandy landings
* Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

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Minorities|

* African Americans (Tuskegee Airmen)
* Asian Americans
* Chinese Americans
* Japanese Americans
* Jewish Americans

Diplomatic participation|

* Lend-Lease
* Destroyers-for-bases deal
* Project Hula

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