Ulmus parvifolia

Species of tree

Ulmus parvifolia

Chinese elm, Hilversum

Conservation status

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]

Scientific classification
Kingdom:  | Plantae
Clade:  | Tracheophytes
Clade:  | Angiosperms
Clade:  | Eudicots
Clade:  | Rosids
Order:  | Rosales
Family:  | Ulmaceae
Genus:  | Ulmus
Subgenus:  | U. subg. Ulmus
Section:  | U. sect. Microptelea
Species:  |

U. parvifolia

Binomial name
Ulmus parvifolia

Jacq.

Synonyms

* Microptelea parvifolia Spach
* Planera parvifolia Sweet
* Ulmus campestris var. chinensis Loudon
* Ulmus chinensis Persoon
* Ulmus parvifolia Maxim., Franch. et Savatier, Forbes & Hemsl., Shirasawa
* Ulmus sieboldii Daveau
* Ulmus virgata Roxburgh

Ulmus parvifolia, commonly known as the Chinese elm[2] or lacebark elm, is a species native to eastern Asia, including China, India, Japan, Korea, Vietnam,[3] Siberia, and Kazakhstan.[4] It has been described as "one of the most splendid elms, having the poise of a graceful Nothofagus".[5]

Chinese elm as bonsai during the spring growing season

## Description

[edit]

A small to medium deciduous or semideciduous (rarely semievergreen) tree, it grows to 10–18 m (33–59 ft) tall and 15–20 m (49–66 ft) wide, with a slender trunk and crown. The leathery, lustrous green, single-toothed leaves are small, 2–5 cm long by 1–3 cm broad,[6] and often are retained as late as December or even January in Europe and North America. In some years, the leaves take on a purplish-red autumn colour.[7] The apetalous, wind-pollinated, perfect flowers are produced in early autumn, small and inconspicuous. The fruit is a samara, elliptical to ovate-elliptical, 10–13 mm long by 6–8 mm broad.[3] The samara is mostly glabrous, the seed at the centre or toward the apex, and is borne on a stalk 1–3 mm in length; it matures rapidly and disperses by late autumn. The trunk has a handsome, flaking bark of mottled greys with tans and reds, giving rise to its other common name, the lacebark elm, although scarring from major branch loss can lead to large, canker-like wounds. Ploidy: 2n = 28.[8][9][10][11][12]

* Young U. parvifolia in new leaf, May

* New leaves

* Foliage and immature fruit

* Foliage and mature fruit

* Bark

* Habit of older tree

* U. parvifolia juvenile

* U. parvifolia autumn colouring, Japan

Many nurserymen and foresters mistakenly refer to Ulmus pumila, the rapidly growing, disease-ridden, relatively short-lived, weak-wooded Siberian elm, as "Chinese elm". This has given the true Chinese elm an undeserved bad reputation. The two elms are distinct species. The Siberian elm's bark becomes deeply ridged and furrowed with age, among other obvious differences. It possesses a very rough, greyish-black appearance, while the Chinese elm's smooth bark becomes flaky and blotchy, exposing distinctive, light-coloured mottling, hence the synonym lacebark elm for the real Chinese elm. Siberian elm produces seed in spring, Chinese elm in autumn.[13]

## Wood and timber

[edit]

Elms, hickory, and ash all have remarkably hard, tough wood, making them popular for tool handles, bows, and baseball bats. Chinese elm is considered the hardest of the elms. It is said to be the best of all woods for chisel handles and similar uses due to its superior hardness, toughness, and resistance to splitting. Chinese elm lumber is used most for furniture, cabinets, veneer, hardwood flooring, and specialty uses such as longbow construction and tool handles. Most commercially milled lumber goes directly to manufacturers rather than to retail lumber outlets.[citation needed]

Chinese elm heartwood ranges in tone from reddish-brown to light tan, while the sapwood approaches off-white. The grain is often handsome and dramatic. Unlike other elms, the freshly cut Chinese elm has a peppery or spicy odour. While it turns easily and will take a nice polish off the lathe without any finish, and it holds detail well, the fibrous wood is usually considered too tough for carving or hand tools. Chinese elm contains silica, which is hard on planer knives and chainsaws, but it sands fairly easily. Like other woods with interlocking grain, planes should be kept extra sharp to prevent tearing at the grain margins. It steam-bends easily and holds screws well, but pilot holes and countersinking are needed. It tends to be a "lively" wood, tending to warp and distort while drying. This water-resistant wood easily takes most finishes and stains.[citation needed]

## Taxonomy

[edit]

Subspecies, varieties, and forms:

* Ulmus parvifolia var. coreana Nakai
* Ulmus parvifolia f. lanceolata Ueki

## Pests and diseases

[edit]

The Chinese elm is highly resistant, but not immune, to Dutch elm disease. It is also very resistant to the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola, but has a moderate susceptibility to elm yellows.[14] In trials at the Sunshine Nursery, Oklahoma, the species was adjudged as having the best pest resistance of about 200 taxa [15] However, foliage was regarded as only "somewhat resistant" to black spot by the Plant Diagnostic Clinic of the University of Missouri.[16]

Cottony cushion scale or mealy bugs, often protected and "herded" by ants, exude sticky, sweet honeydew, which can mildew leaves and be a minor annoyance by dripping on cars and furniture. However, severe infestations on or obvious damage to otherwise healthy trees are uncommon.[citation needed]

In some regions of the Southern United States, a fungus known as Texas root rot (Phymatotrichopsis omnivora) is known to cause sudden death of lacebark elms when infected.[citation needed] Alan Mitchell reported (1984) that established trees at Kew Gardens and at Royal Victoria Park, Bath, had been killed by honey fungus.[17]

## Cultivation

[edit]

The Chinese elm is a tough landscape tree, hardy enough for use in harsh planting situations such as parking lots, small planters along streets, and plazas or patios. The tree is arguably the most ubiquitous elm, now found on all continents except Antarctica. It was introduced to Europe at the end of the 18th century as an ornamental, and is found in many botanical gardens and arboreta.[18][19] The tree was introduced to the UK in 1794 by James Main, who collected in China for Gilbert Slater of Low Layton, Essex.[20][8] It was also introduced to the United States in 1794,[21] where, before the introduction of cold-hardy forms from the 1990s, it was mainly planted in southern States and in California.[22] It has proved very popular in recent years as a replacement for American elms killed by Dutch elm disease. The tree was distributed in Victoria, Australia, from 1857.[23] At the beginning of the 20th century, Searl's Garden Emporium, in Sydney, marketed it.[citation needed] Three U. parvifolia were supplied in 1902 by Späth to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh.[24][25] In New Zealand, it was found to be particularly suitable for windswept locations along the coast. The tree is commonly planted as an ornamental in Japan,[26] notably around Osaka Castle.

U. parvifolia is one of the cold-hardiest of the Chinese species. In artificial freezing tests at the Morton Arboretum.[27] the LT50 (temperature at which 50% of tissues die) was found to be −34 °C (−29 °F).

* Ulmus parvifolia, State Nursery, Campbelltown, New South Wales (c.1908)

* Ulmus parvifolia (centre right), Chicago Botanic Garden (2015)

* Chinese elm planted around Osaka Castle, Japan (2019)

* U. parvifolia, Taiwan (2021)

* Ulmus parvifolia, Golden Valley Tree Park, Western Australia, planted in 1982 (May 2022)

* Lacebark elms, Oklahoma City National Memorial (2024)

### Bonsai

[edit]

Owing to its versatility and ability to tolerate a wide range of temperatures, light, and humidity conditions, the Chinese elm is a popular choice as a bonsai species. It is perhaps the single most widely available. It is considered a good choice for beginners because of its high tolerance of pruning.[28]

* U. parvifolia bonsai, multitrunk style, about 100 years old

* Chinese elm bonsai

* Chinese elm bonsai

* Chinese elm bonsai

## Cultivars

[edit]

Numerous cultivars have been raised, mostly in North America:

* A. Ross Central Park = Central Park Splendor
* BSNUPF = Everclear
* Blizzard
* Burgundy
* Burnley Select
* Catlin
* Chessins
* Churchyard
* Cork Bark
* DavesStraightUp = Dannaspire
* D.B.Cole
* Drake
* Dynasty
* Ed Wood
* Elsmo
* Emer I or Emerald Isle = Athena
* Emer II or Emerald Vase = Allee
* Emerald Prairie
* Frosty
* Garden City Clone
* Geisha
* Glory
* Golden Rey
* Hallelujah
* Harzam = Harrison
* Hokkaido
* Jade Empress
* King's Choice
* Littleleaf
* Lois Hole
* Matthew
* Milliken
* Nire-keyaki
* Ohio
* Orange Ribbon
* Pathfinder
* Pendens
* Prairie Shade
* Prince Richard
* Red Fall
* Sabamiki
* Sagei
* Seiju
* Select 380
* Sempervirens
* Small Frye
* State Fair
* Stone's Dwarf
* Taiwan
* The Thinker
* Todd
* UPMTF = Bosque
* Ware's
* Yarralumla
* Yatsubusa
* Zettler = Heritage

Of these, the following are non-dwarf, non-bonsai cultivars:

* A. Ross Central Park = Central Park Splendor
* BSNUPF = Everclear
* Blizzard
* Burgundy
* Burnley Select
* Churchyard
* Cork Bark
* D.B.Cole
* Drake
* Dynasty
* Elsmo
* Emer I or Emerald Isle = Athena
* Emer II or Emerald Vase = Allee

* Emerald Prairie
* Frosty
* Garden City Clone
* Geisha
* Glory
* Golden Rey
* Hallelujah
* Jade Empress
* King's Choice
* Matthew
* Milliken
* Ohio
* Orange Ribbon
* Pathfinder

* Pendens
* Prairie Shade
* Prince Richard
* Red Fall
* Select 380
* Sempervirens
* Small Frye
* State Fair
* The Thinker
* Todd
* UPMTF = Bosque
* Yarralumla
* Zettler = Heritage

|
|

## Hybrid cultivars

[edit]

Ulmus parvifolia is an autumn-flowering species, whereas most other elms flower in the spring. Hybrids include:[29][30]

* Frontier
* Rebella

## Naturalisation

[edit]

Naturalised U. parvifolia establishing itself by a roadside, Greensboro, North Carolina (2022)

U. parvifolia has become naturalised in various parts of the US, including Idaho, Oklahoma, West Virginia, and Kentucky.[31][32][33] It is listed as invasive in District of Columbia, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Jersey, Virginia, and Wisconsin.[34][35] As a "garden escape" it has also become naturalised in South Africa, where in 1904 it was described as "common near Irene",[36] and in 1980 as "occasional" in Moreleta Park, both near Pretoria.[37]

## Notable trees

[edit]

The tree in Central Park, New York City, planted in 1865 by James Hogg,[38][20] from which the cultivar Central Park Splendor was cloned, was believed to be the oldest specimen of lacebark elm in the US at the time of its death in the 1990s, with a diameter at breast height of 1.4 m.[22]

## Etymology

[edit]

The name "lacebark elm", referring to the distinctive patchwork bark patterns, was suggested by E. W. Johnson of the Woodward, Oklahoma, USDA research station (who received U. parvifolia seed sent from the Far East by collector Frank Meyer around 1908), to reduce confusion with the Siberian elm, U. pumila, also called Chinese elm in the early days. Carl E. Whitcomb of Oklahoma State University, who raised the cultivar 'Prairie Shade', reintroduced the name "lacebark elm" in his Know It and Grow It: A Guide to the Identification and Use of Landscape Plants (1975).[4]

## Accessions

[edit]

North America

* Arnold Arboretum, US. Acc. nos. 1353-73, 17917, 195-90, 197-90.
* Bartlett Tree Experts, US. Acc. nos. 5546, 8109.
* Brenton Arboretum, Dallas Center, Iowa, US. No details available.
* Brooklyn Botanic Garden, New York, US. Acc. nos. 000880, 160001, 20020466, 850222, X00450, X00485, X02727, X02771.[39]
* Chicago Botanic Garden, US. 2 trees, no other details available.
* Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. No acc. details.
* Fullerton Arboretum, California State University, US. Acc. no. 80-036.[40]
* Holden Arboretum, US. Acc. nos. 57-1241, 80-665, 84-1214, 90-323.
* Longwood Gardens, US. Acc. nos. 1957-1058, 1959-1500, 1960-1138, 1991-0981.
* Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, US. Acc. nos. 1986-0108, 1986-0276, 1986-0277, 1987-0019, 199-3195, 1996-3462.
* Morris Arboretum, University of Pennsylvania, US. Acc. no. 32-0052-A.[41]
* Morton Arboretum, US. Acc. nos. 991-27, 772-54, 1231–57, 558-83, 52-96.
* New York Botanical Garden, US. Acc. nos. 195/56, 486/91, 68072.
* Phipps Conservatory, US. Acc. nos. 83-006, 83-058, 91-050, 2001-212UN.
* Scott Arboretum, US. Acc. nos. 62210, 71765, 71767, 71771, 75152, 64441.
* Smith College, US. Acc. no. 42894.
* U S National Arboretum,[42] Washington, D.C., US. Acc. nos. 58000/1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8.

Europe

* Brighton & Hove City Council, UK. NCCPG Elm Collection.[43]
* Cambridge Botanic Garden,[44] University of Cambridge, UK. No accession details available.
* Dyffryn Gardens, Glamorgan. UK champion, 13 m high, 37 cm d.b.h., last surveyed 1997.[45]
* Grange Farm Arboretum, Sutton St. James, Spalding, Lincolnshire, UK. Acc. no. 516.
* Great Fontley Butterfly Conservation Elm Trials plantation, UK. One seedling planted 2019.
* Hortus Botanicus Nationalis, Salaspils, Latvia. Acc. nos. 18150, 18151.
* Linnaean Gardens of Uppsala, Sweden. Acc. no. 2002-1542.
* Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Acc. nos. 1979-1613, 1979-1614, 1982–8479, 1982-8505, 1982-6280, 1982-6284, 2002-137, 2003-1267, 2005-1076.
* Royal Botanic Gardens Kew Wakehurst Place, UK. Acc. nos. 1969-33664, 1969-35133, 1973-21049, 1973-21525.
* Royal Horticultural Society Gardens, Wisley, UK. No details are available.
* Wijdemeren City Council Elm arboretum: 4 cv. ‘UPMTF’ planted Molenmeent Loosdrecht in 2017.
* Strona Arboretum, University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. No accession details are available.
* Tallinn Botanic Garden, Estonia.[46] No accession details available.
* Thenford House arboretum, Banbury, UK. No details are available.
* University of Copenhagen Botanic Garden. Denmark. Acc. nos. S1956-1338, S1997-1304.
* Westonbirt Arboretum, Tetbury, Glos., UK. Planted 1981. No acc. no.[47]

Australasia

* Eastwoodhill Arboretum, Gisborne, New Zealand. 9 trees, details not known.[48]

## References

[edit]

1. ^ Lin, Q.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Ulmus parvifolia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T147481874A147620206. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T147481874A147620206.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
2. ^ NRCS. "Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
3. ^ a b Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA; also available as Fu, L.; Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. "Ulmus parvifolia". Flora of China. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
4. ^ a b Whitcomb, Dr Carl E., 'Trees of Downtown Stillwater: The Lacebark Elm' (14 August 2024); drcarlwhitcomb.com
5. ^ Hilliers' Manual of Trees & Shrubs, 4th edition, 1977, David & Charles, Newton Abbot, England
6. ^ "Herbarium specimen - E00824803". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. (1909 specimen, Breslau)
7. ^ Kemp, Eddie (1979). "The Plantsman's Elm". In Clouston, Brian; Stansfield, Kathy (eds.). After the Elm. London: William Heinemann Ltd. p. 39\. ISBN 9780434139002.
8. ^ a b Bean, W. J. (1981). Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain, 7th edition. Murray, London.
9. ^ White, J & More, D. (2003). Trees of Britain & Northern Europe. Cassell's, London.
10. ^ "Chinese elm Ulmaceae Ulmus parvifolia". www.cnr.vt.edu. Archived from the original on 9 December 2000. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
11. ^ NRCS. "Ulmus pumila L.". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 7 June 2022.
12. ^ "SaylorPlants.com - Chinese Elm, Lacebark Elm ( Ulmus  parvifolia )". www.saylorplants.com. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
13. ^ Leopold, D. J. (1980). "Chinese and Siberian elms". Journal of Arboriculture. 6 (7): 175–179.
14. ^ Mittempergher, L; Santini, A (2004). "The history of elm breeding" (PDF). Investigacion Agraria: Sistemas y Recursos Forestales. 13 (1): 161–177\. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-02-11. Retrieved 2017-02-09.
15. ^ "greenbeam.com" (PDF). greenbeam.com. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
16. ^ "Disease resistant and tolerant plant varieties, Plant Diagnostic Clinic, MU Extension". Archived from the original on 2008-09-20. Retrieved 2008-10-31.
17. ^ Mitchell, Alan, & Jobling, John, Decorative Trees for Country, Town, and Garden (London, 1984), p.99
18. ^ "Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. (1854) K000852632". Herbarium catalogue. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 October 2016.; "Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. (1867) K000852633". Herbarium catalogue. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 October 2016.; "Ulmus sieboldii Daveau (1913) K000852631". Herbarium catalogue. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
19. ^ Ryston Hall Arboretum catalogue. c. 1920. pp. 13–14.
20. ^ a b Elwes, H. J. & Henry, A. (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine. Vol. VII. 1848–1929. Republished 2004 Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9781108069380
21. ^ "Missouri Botanical Garden bulletin". Archive.org. [St. Louis : Missouri Botanical Garden]. 29 March 1913. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
22. ^ a b 'Aross (sic) Central Park' Chinese Elm, by David F. Karnosky, HortScience 23(5):925-926, 1988
23. ^ "Trove". Trove.nla.gov.au. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
24. ^ Accessions book. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. 1902. pp. 45, 47.
25. ^ "Herbarium specimen - E00824804". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. (1902, Späth nursery); "Herbarium specimen - E00824805". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. (1902, Späth); "Herbarium specimen - E00824802". Herbarium Catalogue. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. (1902, Späth)
26. ^ Hishiyama, C. (Ed.). (2018). A picture book of (Japanese) trees,  p.81. (in Japanese). Seibidoshuppan, Japan. ISBN 9784415310183
27. ^ Shirazi, A. M. & Ware, G. H. (2004). Evaluation of New Elms from China for Cold Hardiness in Northern Latitudes. International Symposium on Asian Plant Diversity & Systematics 2004, Sakura, Japan.
28. ^ D'Cruz, Mark (11 February 2020). "Ma-Ke Bonsai Care Guide for Ulmus parvifolia". Ma-Ke Bonsai. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
29. ^ A.M. Townsend, L.R. Schreiber, W.O. Masters, and S.E. Bentz, Ulmus 'Frontier', HortScience 26: 80-81, 1991
30. ^ Ulmus 'Rebella', resista-ulmen.com/en/varieties/rebella/
31. ^ U. parvifolia, Flora of North America, efloras.org
32. ^ Max E. Medley and John W. Thieret, 'U. parvifolia naturalized in Kentucky'; SIDA, Contributions to Botany, Vol. 14, No. 4, December 1991, pp. 610-613 (4 pages), The Botanical Research Institute of Texas
33. ^ Urban and Community Trees of Oklahoma, ag.ok.gov
34. ^ USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Staff, Invasive Plants website: na.fs.fed.us/fhp/invasive_plants/weeds/chinese-elm.pdf
35. ^ U. parvifolia, cirrusimage.com
36. ^ U. parvifolia specimen, Transvaal Department of Agriculture, in collections.nmnh.si.edu, herbarium specimen 03413443
37. ^ U. parvifolia specimen, National Herbarium Pretoria, in collections.nmnh.si.edu, herbarium specimen 03413521
38. ^ Garden and Forest, i. 231, 312 (1888)
39. ^ "Brooklyn Botanic Garden". Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
40. ^ "Fullerton Arboretum | Cal State Fullerton". Fullertonarboretum.org. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
41. ^ "The Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania". upenn.edu. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
42. ^ usda.gov[dead link]
43. ^ "List of plants in the {elm} collection". Brighton & Hove City Council. Retrieved 23 September 2016.
44. ^ "Welcome to Cambridge Botanic Garden - Find Out More". Cambridge Botanic Garden. Retrieved 29 March 2022.
45. ^ Johnson, Owen (ed.) (2003). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland. Whittet Press, ISBN 978-1-873580-61-5.
46. ^ "tba.ee". www.tba.ee. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
47. ^ "The Forestry Commission - The National Arboreta". forestry.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
48. ^ "Eastwoodhill - National Arboretum of New Zealand". eastwoodhill.org.nz. Archived from the original on 11 March 2008. Retrieved 4 April 2018.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ulmus parvifolia.

## External links

[edit]

* U. parvifolia, Flora of China, www.efloras.org
* Photographs labelled U. parvifolia on Plant Photo Bank of China, ppbc.iplant
* U. parvifolia, Flora of North America, www.efloras.org
* US planting range map, in Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson, U. parvifolia, Chinese elm, Fact Sheet ST-652 October 1994
* US state-by-state distribution map, gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org

* v
* t
* e

Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars

Species, varieties and subspecies|

* U. alata (Winged elm)
* U. americana (American elm)
* U. americana var. floridana (Florida elm)
* U. bergmanniana (Bergmann's elm)
* U. bergmanniana var. bergmanniana
* U. bergmanniana var. lasiophylla
* U. castaneifolia (Chestnut-leafed or multinerved elm)
* U. changii (Hangzhou elm)
* U. changii var. changii
* U. changii var. kunmingensis (Kunming elm)
* U. chenmoui (Chenmou or Langya Mountain elm)
* U. chumlia
* U. crassifolia (Cedar or Texas cedar elm)
* U. davidiana (David or Father David elm)
* U. davidiana var. davidiana
* U. davidiana var. japonica (Japanese elm)
* U. elongata (Long raceme elm)
* U. gaussenii (Anhui or hairy elm)
* U. glabra (Wych or scots elm)
* U. glaucescens (Gansu elm)
* U. glaucescens var. glaucescens
* U. glaucescens var. lasiocarpa (hairy-fruited glaucescent elm)
* U. harbinensis (Harbin elm)
* U. ismaelis
* U. laciniata (Manchurian cut-leaf or lobed elm)
* U. laciniata var. nikkoensis (Nikko elm)
* U. laevis (European white elm)
* U. laevis var. celtidea
* U. laevis var. parvifolia
* U. laevis var. simplicidens
* U. lamellosa (Hebei elm)
* U. lanceifolia (Vietnam elm)
* U. macrocarpa (Large-fruited elm)
* U. macrocarpa var. glabra
* U. macrocarpa var. macrocarpa
* U. mexicana (Mexican elm)
* U. microcarpa (Tibetan elm)
* U. minor (Field elm)
* U. minor subsp. minor
* U. minor var. italica
* U. parvifolia (Chinese or lacebark elm)
* U. parvifolia var. coreana (Korean elm)
* U. prunifolia (Cherry-leafed elm)
* U. pseudopropinqua (Harbin spring elm)
* U. pumila (Siberian elm)
* U. rubra (Slippery elm)
* U. serotina (September elm)
* U. szechuanica (Szechuan (Sichuan) or red-fruited elm)
* U. thomasii (Rock or cork elm)
* U. uyematsui (Alishan elm)
* U. villosa (Cherry-bark or marn elm)
* U. wallichiana (Himalayan or kashmir elm)
* U. wallichiana subsp. wallichiana
* U. wallichiana subsp. xanthoderma
* U. wallichiana var. tomentosa

Disputed species, varieties and subspecies|

* U. boissieri
* U. minor subsp. canescens (Grey, grey-leafed or hoary elm)
* U. elliptica

Hybrids|

* U. davidiana var. japonica × U. minor
* U. × arbuscula
* U. × arkansana
* U. × brandisiana
* U. × diversifolia
* U. × hollandica (Dutch elm)
* U. × hollandica var. insularum
* U. × intermedia
* U. × mesocarpa

Species cultivars|

| American elm|

* American Liberty
* Ascendens
* Augustine
* Aurea
* Beaverlodge
* Beebe's Weeping
* Brandon
* Burgoyne
* JFS Prince II
* College
* Columnaris
* Creole Queen
* Deadfree
* Delaware
* Exhibition
* Fiorei
* Flick's Spreader
* Folia Aurea Variegata
* Great Plains
* Hines
* Incisa
* Independence
* Iowa State
* Jackson
* Jefferson
* Kimley
* Klehmii
* L'Assomption
* Lake City
* Lewis & Clark
* Littleford
* Maine
* Markham
* Miller Park
* Minneapolis Park
* Moline
* Morden
* New Harmony
* Nigricans
* Patmore
* Pendula
* Penn Treaty
* Princeton
* Pyramidata
* Queen City
* Sheyenne
* Skinner Upright
* St. Croix
* Star
* Valley Forge
* Variegata
* Vase
* Washington

|

Cedar elm|

* Brazos Rim

Chinese elm|

* A-1
* A. Ross Central Park
* Blizzard
* BSNUPF
* Burgundy
* Burnley Select
* Catlin
* Chessins
* Churchyard
* Cork Bark
* D. B. Cole
* Drake
* Dynasty
* Ed Wood
* Elsmo
* Emer I
* Emer II
* Emerald Prairie
* Frosty
* Garden City Clone
* Geisha
* Glory
* Golden Rey
* Hallelujah
* Hokkaido
* Jade Empress
* King's Choice
* Littleleaf
* Lois Hole
* Matthew
* Milliken
* Nire-keyaki
* Ohio
* Orange Ribbon
* Pathfinder
* Pendens
* Prairie Shade
* Prince Richard
* Red Fall
* Sabamiki
* Sagei
* Seiju
* Select 380
* Sempervirens
* Small Frye
* State Fair
* Stone's Dwarf
* Taiwan
* The Thinker
* Todd
* True Green
* UPMTF
* Ware's
* Yarralumla
* Yatsubusa
* Zettler
* Ulmus parvifolia f. lanceolata

European white elm|

* Aureovariegata
* Colorans
* Helena
* Ornata
* Pendula
* Punctata
* Urticifolia

Field elm|

* Albo-Dentata
* Amplifolia
* Argenteo-Variegata
* Atinia
* Atinia Pyramidalis
* Atinia Variegata
* Bea Schwarz
* Betulaefolia
* Biltii
* Christine Buisman
* Concavaefolia
* Coritana
* Cretensis
* Cucullata
* Cucullata Variegata
* Dehesa de Amaniel
* Dehesa de la Villa
* Dicksonii
* Dijkwel
* Erecta
* Folia Alba-Punctata
* Glandulosa
* Goodyeri
* Hoersholmiensis
* Holmstruph
* Hunnybunii
* Hunnybunii pseudo-Stricta
* Laciniata
* Lanuginosa
* Majadahonda
* Microphylla Pendula
* Microphylla Purpurea
* Microphylla Rubra
* Monumentalis
* Pendula
* Picturata
* Plotii
* Propendens
* Punctata
* Purpurascens
* Purpurea
* Retiro
* Reverti
* Rugosa
* Rueppellii
* Sarniensis
* Schuurhoek
* Silvery Gem
* Sowerbyi
* Stricta
* Suberosa
* Umbraculifera Gracilis
* Umbraculifera
* Viminalis
* Viminalis Aurea
* Viminalis Gracilis
* Viminalis Incisa
* Viminalis Marginata
* Viminalis Pendula
* Viminalis Pulverulenta
* Viminalis Stricta
* Virgata
* Webbiana

Japanese elm|

* Discovery
* Freedom
* Jacan
* JFS-Bieberich
* Mitsui Centennial
* Prospector
* Reperta
* Reseda
* Thomson
* Validation

Siberian elm|

* Ansaloni
* Aurea
* Aurescens
* Chinkota
* Dropmore
* Dwarf Weeper
* Green King
* Hansen
* Harbin
* Manchu
* Mauro
* Mr. Buzz
* Park Royal
* Pendula
* Pinnato-ramosa
* Poort Bulten
* Puszta
* Pyramidalis Fiorei
* Zhonghua Jinye

Winged elm|

* Lace Parasol

Wych elm|

* Albo-Variegata
* Australis
* Camperdownii
* Cebennensis
* Concavaefolia
* Cornuta
* Corylifolia Purpurea
* Corylifolia
* Fastigiata Macrophylla
* Fastigiata Stricta
* Fastigiata Variegata
* Firma
* Flava
* Gigantea
* Gittisham
* Grandidentata
* Holgeri
* Horizontalis
* Insularis
* Latifolia
* Latifolia Aurea
* Latifolia Aureo-Variegata
* Latifolia Nigricans
* Luteo Variegata
* Lutescens
* Macrophylla
* Maculata
* Minor
* Nana
* Nigra
* Nitida
* Oblongata
* Pendula Macrophylla
* Pendula Variegata
* Pyrenaica
* Spectabilis
* Superba
* Tomentosa

Hybrid cultivars|

* Androssowii
* Amsterdam
* Arno
* Cathedral
* Clusius
* Columella
* Den Haag
* Dodoens
* Escaillard
* Fiorente
* Frontier
* Fuente Umbria
* Homestead
* Karagatch
* Lobel
* Morfeo
* Morton
* Morton Glossy
* Morton Plainsman
* Morton Red Tip
* Morton Stalwart
* Nanguen
* New Horizon
* Patriot
* Plantyn
* Plinio
* Rebella
* Rebona
* Recerta
* Regal
* Repura
* Revera
* San Zanobi
* Sapporo Autumn Gold
* Sapporo Gold 2
* Stavast
* Toledo
* Urban
* Wanoux
* Wingham

Dutch elm|

* Alba
* Angustifolia
* Balder
* Belgica
* Blandford
* Canadian Giant
* Cicestria
* Cinerea
* Commelin
* Dampieri
* Dauvessei
* Daveyi
* Dovaei
* Dumont
* Elegantissima
* Eleganto-Variegata
* Etrusca
* Fastigiata
* Fjerrestad
* Folia Rhomboidea
* Freja
* Fulva
* Gaujardii
* Groeneveld
* Haarlemensis
* Klemmer
* Loke
* Macrophylla Aurea
* Major
* Microphylla
* Modiolina
* Muscaviensis
* Odin
* Pioneer
* Pitteurs
* Serpentina
* Smithii
* Superba
* Tricolor
* Tyr
* Vegeta
* Viminalis
* Viscosa
* Wentworthii Pendula
* Wredei
* Ypreau

U. × intermedia|

* Coolshade
* Fremont
* Improved Coolshade
* Lincoln
* Rosehill
* Willis

Unconfirmed derivation cultivars|

* aff. Plotii
* Acutifolia
* Ademuz
* Alata
* Alksuth
* Argenteo-Marginata
* Aspera
* Atropurpurea
* Australis
* Berardii
* Betulaefolia Nigrescens
* Crispa
* Crispa Aurea
* Crispa Pendula
* Densa
* Exoniensis
* Fastigiata Glabra
* Folia Aurea
* Folia Rubra
* Folia Variegata Pendula
* Gallica
* Glabra
* Globosa
* Hamburg
* Hertfordensis Angustifolia
* Hertfordensis Latifolia
* Hillieri
* Jalaica
* Jacqueline Hillier
* Kansas Hybrid
* Klemmer Blanc
* Koopmannii
* Lombartsii
* Louis van Houtte
* Marmorata
* Monstrosa
* Myrtifolia
* Myrtifolia Purpurea
* Nemoralis
* Nigrescens
* Planeroides
* Planifolia
* Purpurea
* Pyramidalis Bertini
* Ramulosa
* Rotundifolia
* Rubra
* Rufa
* Rugosa
* Scampstoniensis
* Sericea
* Tiliaefolia
* Tortuosa
* Turkestanica
* Variegata Nova
* Virens

Fossil elms|

* U. okanaganensis

Taxon identifiers

Ulmus parvifolia|

* Wikidata: Q1074099
* Wikispecies: Ulmus parvifolia
* AoFP: 479
* APA: 5445
* APNI: 86866
* BOLD: 403625
* Calflora: 8181
* CoL: 7DFM4
* EoL: 595062
* EPPO: ULMPA
* FloraBase: 43504
* FNA: 200006330
* FoAO2: Ulmus parvifolia
* FoC: 200006330
* GBIF: 5361869
* GRIN: 40847
* IFPNI: 30DFCCB9-2811-465B-9C3B-F52965075B24
* iNaturalist: 79462
* IPA: 6567
* IPNI: 856906-1
* IRMNG: 10765851
* ITIS: 19055
* IUCN: 147481874
* MoBotPF: 287396
* NatureServe: 2.153037
* NCBI: 63058
* NSWFlora: Ulmus~parvifolia
* Open Tree of Life: 113344
* PfaF: Ulmus parvifolia
* Plant List: tro-33300017
* PLANTS: ULPA
* POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:302296-2
* RHS: 21508
* SANBI: 3437-1
* Tropicos: 33300017
* VASCAN: 9427
* VicFlora: 7c1c46ac-fd51-4196-a78e-cbc604737a65
* WFO: wfo-0001143143

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